chapter 9: research with inuit, métis and first nations peoples – balancing academic and...
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Chapter 9: Research with Inuit, Métis and First Nations
Peoples – Balancing Academic and Community ValuesDr. Lynn Lavallée, Ryerson University
Canadian Association of Research Ethics BoardsSaturday, May 1, 2015
Vancouver, BC
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Honouring the Traditional Territory Aboriginal values becoming the norm in the
academy
Musqueam, Squamish Tsleil-Waututh
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Overview
Overview of Chapter 9 Articles
Conflicting values and other issues Hiring/building capacity Dissemination Honoraria for advisors/elders/traditional
knowledge keepers Intellectual property
Recommendations for REBS
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Community Responses Contributed to Chapter 9
National Aboriginal Health Organization Ownership Control Access Possession (Schnarch, 2004)
Five R’s from First Nations education + Respect Reciprocity Relationships Responsibility (Kirness & Barnhardt, 2001) Relevance (Lorilee McGregor)
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Community Responsewww.naho.ca/documents/metiscentre/english/PrinciplesofEthicalMetisResearch-descriptive_001.pdf
Six Principles of Métis Research (NAHO) Reciprocal relationships Respect for individual and collective, autonomy,
identity, personal values, gender, confidentiality, practice and protocols
Safe and inclusive environments Recognize diversity within and between Métis Relevant, benefit all, accurate, accountable,
responsible, acknowledge contribution, protect Métis cultural knowledge
Métis context – history, values, knowledge, etc.
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Research in the North/Inuit
Association for Canadian Universities for Northern Studies (ACUNS). (2003). Ethical Principles for Conduct of Research in the North. Ottawa. www.acuns.ca/ethical.htm
Aurora Research Institute. (2009). Guide for Research in the Northwest Territories. http://wiki.nwtresearch.com/ResearchGuide.ashx
Nunavut Research Institute. (2006). Licensing Process. Iqaluit. www.nri.nu.ca/lic_process.html
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Canadian Ethics
Tri Council Policy Statement – TCPS
www.pre.ethics.gc.ca
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TCPS Chapter 9
Research Involving the First Nations, Inuit and Métis Peoples of Canada
2014 22 Articles to help guide researchers and
research ethics boards in reviewing research protocols
Application across universities and provinces varies
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TCPS Chapter 9
Defines who Aboriginal people are Inuit, Métis and First Nations Emphasize diversity within groups
Requirement of Community Engagement in Aboriginal Research On lands Recruitment criteria including Aboriginal identity Cultural heritage, artefacts, traditional knowledge Interpretation of results will refer to Aboriginal as a variable
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Challenges
You are collecting demographic data on ethnicity which includes First Nations, Inuit or Métis. Article 9.1(d) of the TriCouncil Policy Statement states that community engagement is required for research in which Aboriginal identity or membership in an Aboriginal community is used as a variable for the purpose of analysis of the research data. While your project is not specific to the Aboriginal community, you are asking a question about Aboriginal identity. If the data you collect allows you to analyze this specific variable and you will be making inferences about Aboriginal people you will be required to engage the Aboriginal community in question prior to publishing such results.
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Chapter 9
Demonstrating engagement Research agreements (9.11) Letter of approval
Respect for Governing Authorities Comples Authority Structures Diverse Interests Collaborative Research (9.12)
Respectful relationships Participatory designs
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Chapter 9
Community REBs 9.10 – Requirement to Advise on Plan for
Community Engagement Where engagement is not being proposed
researchers shall provide a rationale acceptable to the REB
REB member must understand the political identity of specific communities
Mutual benefits (9.13)
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Chapter 9
Capacity building and strengthen research capacity (9.14)
Hire Aboriginal people Does your REB assess this?
Recognition of the role of Elders (9.15) Provide ethical guidance Paying honoraria – consultant fees!
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Chapter 9
Interpretation and dissemination of research results (9.17)
Intellectual property (9.18) Significant challenges Ideologically different
Indigenous knowledge cannot be intellectual property
Publications & dissemination REB reviewers look for this in the research
agreement!
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Chapter 9
Biological materials and secondary use (9.19-22)
Secondary use of information or bio materials identifiable as originating from Aboriginal peoples
Linking two or more anonymous datasets or human bio material (avoid another Dr. Ward)
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Practical Suggestions for REBs
Ask the questions Modify protocol forms Engagement, research agreement,
dissemination, intellectual property, mutual benefit, building capacity
Does the researcher/s know the community? Political and cultural identity Ontario – COO, independents, Métis, Native
Women’s (ONWA), Inuit Tapiriit Kanatami Build capacity in REB
How does your REB ensure this expertise?
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Where do we go from here?
Communities are developing their own research ethics guidelines!
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Where do we go from here?
We are here! Infiltrate to Transformate the Colonial System
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Huy tseep q’u
Miigwetch
Thank you