chapter – iii history, geogrphy and population of the...
TRANSCRIPT
91
CHAPTER – III
HISTORY, GEOGRPHY AND POPULATION
OF THE STUDY AREA
History of Study area
a. History:
The present study has been conducted in the City of Guwahati, the gate way to
the Northeast India, which is the nerve centre of its neighboring seven States of India,
namely Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, Meghalaya and
Sikkim; Sikkim has however not included here in respect of the current study.
Guwahati represents the legendary Pragjyotishpur, the City of Eastern Astrology. It is
situated on the southern bank of the mighty River Brahmaputra and was a famous
centre of learning of astrology in ancient time. The City has a rich past and has
frequent mention in the two epics- theMahabharatand theRamayana other classics
theRaghubansha of Kalidas. The mythological history, narrated in Kalika Puran and
92
Vishnu Puran, stated that this place was known as Pragjyotishpur which was the
capital of Kamrup reigned by legendary Ashur King Naraka, the King of Ashur
Dynasty and also by King Naraka, a prince from Mithila. The famous Kamakhya
Templof the 10thPithas of South Asia is the one of places of pilgrimage for the
Hindus. In course of time, King Kumar Bhashkar Varman (594-650 AD) was the
great king of Varman Dynasty and he made the place more famous in culture and
literature. The Chinese Pilgrim Hiuen Tsang visited Kamrup during his time (640 AD)
and he described this place as the capital of Kamrup.
The Gauhati (now Guwahati) witnessed numbers of battles from first Mughal
invasion of Kamrup in 1206 AD to the battle of Itakhuli in 1682 AD. During the
period from 1603 to 1682 AD it had been occupied by many forces in many times.
The Saraighat battle was fought in the outskirt of Guwahati at that time. After the
victory of Ahom king in 1667 AD, it became the Head Quarter of Barphukana and it
extended to the North bank of Brahamaputra River.
b. The Naming of Guwahati City:
As perChoudhury (1967), it was mentioned as Guahati or Guahata from16th
to17th Century. Several European writers spelt it differently in 19th Century like
Gwahatti by Hemilton, Goahawtee by Wade, Gowhatty by Mills. Martin-1837
(reprint 1976) as Gohati, Cosh (1837) mentioned it as Gohatti, and Robinsion (1841)
(reprint 1975) as Gowhati. However, as per Bora (1985), the present name Guwahati
is derived from two Assamese word ‘Guwa’ means areca nut and ‘hati’ means
locality. The word ‘hati’ was also used by Mahapurush Shri Shri Sankardev long back
93
in 15th century AD in Assam to understand and to locate a specific area surrounding
the Namghar, the community prayer hall developed by Shri Shri Sankardev.
c. Administrative hub of British Ruler:
Till 1874, the erstwhile Assam was administered by a Commissioner under the
Government of Bengal and was stationed at Guwahati, after separation from
Government of Bengal, the head quarter of Assam Province, called as capital, was
shifted from Guwahati to Shillong in 1874, however, the office of the Commissioner
and Judges of the Assam valley districts remained at Guwahati (Gait, 1997) and it was
the capital of Kamrup District extending from Barnadi River in the east to Manas
River in west. The road passing through the city is south trunk road which had been
connected to Dhansiry River in 1842-43. This road subsequently was known as North
Trunk Road from middle of 19th century. Gauhati (now Guwahati) became important
during British reign because of its good river transportation and rail communication
connecting from Dibrugarh to Dhakka and to Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1861 and
Chittagong port in 1905 (Gait, 1997).
Geographyof Study Area:
The Guwahti City (26º6´ 88˝ N to 26˚10´ 45˝ N and 91˚40´89˝ E to 91˚ 45´00
E), the gate-way to Northeast India, having previously 60 numbers of wards, has
.presently resized into 31 wards with a population of 9,68,549 (Census of India,
2011:15-16) having sex ratio of 916 females per 1000 males and the literacy rate is
92.88% for male and 89.19% for female (combined being 91.12%). The areas and
population of the City have time to time changed.
94
a. Boundaries of Gauhati City:
The Under Secretary to the Government of Assam, (1973) has notified the
boundaries of Gauhati City as under:
North: The central line of Brahmaputra River from the western village Dehangiri
to the eastern boundary of clearance Garden.
South: The southern boundary of Pachim Baragaon, Pub Baragaon, Dholbama,
Betkuchi, Sarusajai, Barsajai, and thence along the western and south eastern
boundaries of theBasistha Grant, South eastern boundaries of Maidangaon
and thence along the southern boundary of Khanapara N.C.
East: Eastern and part of the northern Boundaries of Khanapara N.C. and thence
along the eastern boundaries of Ghasarbar N.C. Bagharbari, Satgaon (
excluding Cant area) and hence along the middle of the Kalita kuchi gaon
(excluding the cantonment area) andthence along the eastern boundaries of
the Birkuchi, Noonmati Garden and Clearance Garden.
West: From the point where the stream Khanajan meets the Brahmaputra River and
thence along the Central line of the Khanajan and the western boundaries of
Dehangirigaon, Kachari Garigaon, Pachim Jalukbari and thence along the
southern boundaries of Dakhin Jalukabari and Tateligaon.
In reference to the discussion had with the Additional Commissioner,
Guwahati Municipal Corporation, on 29.04.2011, the boundaries of the Guwahati City
under the Municipal Corporation are:
North: Central line of the Brahmaputra River.
South: Meghalaya State Boarder along the Hills side.
95
East: Bonda , Satgaon to Khanapara including Narengi Army Cantonment.
West: Central Line of Khanajan from Khanajmukh to Deepar Beel.
North-Guwahati, Dharapur, Azara and Borjhar of western boundary and CRPF
Cantonment at Amerigog of eastern boundary fall outside the notified Guwahati City
Area.
On the basis of the approval of the Assam Government vide Govt. Order No.
GDD.91/1997/395 dated 09/06/2009; the Guwahati Metropolitan Development
Authority declared the areas under Greater Guwahati for New Master Plan and Zoning
Regulation 2025 vide their Notification No. GMDA/MP/ 1/98/Part-I /103 dated, 7th
July, 2009, as follows:
1.Approximate area: Existing Master Plan and Guwahati
Metropolitan Area- 262 Sq. Kms.
2. Approximate new Area: 66 Sq. Kms.
3. Approximate total Area: 328 Sq. Kms.
b.Area and Wards:
In 1955-56, there was 10 numbers of wards in the then Gauhati Municipal
Board and the wards numbers are gradually increased to 34 numbers along with the
constitution of Corporation as Gauhati Municipal Corporation from 1974 and
subsequently there were 60 Nos. of Wards till to December 2012, which had the area
about 216.79 Sq. Kms. in 1991 and the Metropolitan Guwahati City covers the area of
262 Sq. Kms. in 2009. The Assam Remote Sensing Application Centre 1991 (2005)
has identified an area of 313 Sq. Kms. (1990) and 354 Sq. Kms. (2002) covering the
96
Table # 3.01: Allocation of Places in New Wards of Guwahati City, 2013.
Sl, No
New Ward Number
Name of Places included in the New Ward Numbers of voters
1 1 Jalukbari, Garigaon, Sadilapur, Tetelia, Gotanagar 22,619*
2 2 Greater Pandu area 18,955* 3 3 Pandu Rest Camp, Water Plant Temple Ghat Colony 18,358*
4 4 Maligaon part, Adabari 16,549
5 5 Kamakhya town, Kalipur 25,698
6 6 Maligaon part, Gosala, Durga Sarobor, Santipur 24,330
7 7 Manbari, Jyotikuch, Betkuchi, Pachim Baragaon 28,453
8 8 Maligaon part, Gotanagar part, Pub Baragaon 16,731
9 9 Bhutnath, Kumarpara, Athgaon, Machkhowa 21,336
10 10 Chatribari, Tokobari, Fancy Bazar, Krishnanagar 18,544* 11 11 Pnbazar, Lotasil, Ambari, Paltan Bazar, Lakhtokia 19,572
12 12 Uzan Bazar, Chenikuthi, Barowari, Kharghuli, Hydatpur 18,843*
13 13 Nabagrah, Chandmari part, Milanpur, Nizarapar 21,621*
14 14 Gandhibasti, Silpukhuri, Lachitnagar, South Sarania, Rajgarh 17,362
15 15 Rehabri, Billpar, Manipuri Basti, Solapara 22,584
16 16 Bishnupur, Natun Basti, Bimalanagar, Mahenda Nagar, Sankarpur
19,526*
17 17 Fatasil, Bhaskar Nagar, Barasapara, Dhirenpara 18,216
18 18 Kahilipara Part, Latuma, Christian Bastee, Udalbakra, Jatia, Udayachal, Kachari Basti
20,860
19 19 Ulubari, Kachari Basti, Rupnagar, Birubari, Medical College area
19,657
20 20 Lachit Nagar, Sreemantapur, Ganeshguri, Bhangagarh 24,752
21 21 Ambikagiri Nagar part, Nabin Nagar, Anil Nagar, Tarun Nagar, Sundarpur, Manik Nagar, Japorigog, Kalyanpur,
24,956
22 22 Chandmari part, Milanpur, Bhashkar Nagar part, Narikol Basti. 26,113
23 23 Jyotinagar part, Sunsali, Ananda Nagar, Bapuji Nagar, Salabari, Knduguri
21,043
24 24 Jyoti Nagar part, Bamunimaidan, Sector No2, Jayanta Nagar, 31,737
25 25 Kushal Nagar, Gita Nagar, Mathghoria, Forest Gate, Kamala Bagan, Naregi, Birkuchi, Bonda
28,822
26 26 Hengerabari, Sarumataria, Satgaon, 29428
27 27 Rukminigaon, Bar Mataria, Capital Complex, Hatigaon part, Beltola, Basisthapur,
31,109*
28 28 Dakshingaon, Bhetapara, Sarusajai, Barsajai, Saukuchi, 18,112
29 29 Kahilipara part, Hatigaon part, Sijubari, Natboma 23,234 30 30 Khanapara, Barmatoria, Bakrapara, Basishtha part, 29,409
31 31 Hengerabari part, Dwarandha, Bagharbori, Khanapara part, 30,320 Total 31 Entire Gauhati Municipal Corporation 706,689
Source: * As per Asomiya Pratidin (in Assamese vernacular) dated 18.06.2013. Dainik Asam (in Assamese vernacular), dated 28.05.2013 to 19.06.2013.
97
Greater Guwahati.As per Dainik Asam in Assamese vernacular dated 13.12.2009, the
area of the then Gauhati was 7.68 Sq. Kms. in 195, 14.00 Sq. Kms. in 1961, 43.82 Sq.
Kms. in 1971.
The Guwahati Municipal Corporation has very recently (Niyomiya Barta in
Assamese vernacular, dated 26.12.2012) reduced the numbers of wards to 31 in place
of earlier 60 numbers of wards to facilitate the election procedures in the City and this
has been notified by the Guwahati Development Department, Assam. Each ward has
further subdivided into 2 to 4 Area Shabha for administrativeconvenience totaling to 90
numbers of Area Shabha under Gauhati Municipal Corporation (Table #3.01).The last
Municipal Election for Area Shabha Member, Ward Commissioner and Paurapati
(Mayor) was held on 19.06.2013.
c. Hills:
The Grater Guwahati covers 18 hills with green trees and forests, colored (Gray
to white) land and stones. Some of them are – (1) Nilachal Pahar 193m high, (2)
FatasilPahar 292m, (3) Japrigog Pahar 277m, (4) Narengi Pahar 240m, (5) Silapahar
220m, (6) Kharghuli Pahar 216m, (7) Chunsali Pahar 293m, (8) Udayachal Pahar
160m, (10) Sanaghuli Pahar 145m high and the central part of the city has small
hillocks namely (11) Sarania hill 193m, (12) Navagraha Pahar 217m (13) Narakashur
Pahar, (GMDA, 2009) (14) Chiriyakhana Pahar (15) Kailashpur Tila 162m and
others, the rest of the city covers the plain areas ranging from 45m to 55.5m high
above mean sea level with low land at Boragaon, Jalukbari, Tetelia. As per State Soil
Conservation Department, Assam (2012), 18 hills in the city are now bursting with
population of 1.23 lakhs (2001 Census). There are as many as 75 villages in the hills,
98
consisting of 26,985 households, of these 8681are permanent structure, while 7510 and
10794 are semi-permanent and temporary structure respectively. The unremitting
deforestation, earth cutting, haphazard construction of houses, innumerable roads and
footpaths on the steep slopes have led to disastrous consequences-erosion, killer
landslides, artificial floods, water logging, and construction of temporary and
permanent structure have left a permanent scar on the hill landscape.
d. Climatic Condition:
The climatic condition i.e. temperature, humidity, rainfall, wind, flood and
drought situation in the urban center prevented pavement dwellers, but slums and
squatter settlers have to depend largely on their own resources to have a house for
shelter in the prevailing climatic condition. The climate of the study area has wide
range of temperature which has normally minimum in the month of December and/or
January and maximum in the month of June and/or July every year. The humidity of
the State of Assam is always comparatively higher next to Meghalaya and Arunachal
Pradesh of North East India. The Relative Humidity ranges from 50 % to 94 %. The
rain fall of the Guwahati city is also ranges from 1.1 mm to 482.7 mm with an average
of 7.8 cm in 2008. Assam received 37% deficit rainfall during the period till end July
2013 (The Assam Tribune dated 12.07.2013), with the actual being 381.3 mm against
the normal of 607.5 mm for the period. The average rainfall in Guwahati was 15.73 cm.
against the normal 17.18 cm in 2010. The rainfall in details is depicted in the Table #
3.02.
99
Table # 3.02: Average monthly rainfall in Kamrup Metro District during 2010.
Sl. No. Month Normal ( in mm) Actual ( in mm)
1. January 1.1* 13.0*
2. February 5. 5* 15.7*
3. March 50.3 60.5
4. April 369.7 170.7
5. May 341.6 282.2
6. June 482.7 387.4
7. July 250.8 346.9
8. August 113.6 279.0
9. September 350.1 190.4*
10. October 95.2 114.4
11. November 0.0 17.7
12. December 2.2 10.1
* Including Kamrup District
Source: Statistical Hand Book Assam 2011,Directorate of Economics
and Statistics, Assam. pp. 52-56.
e.Temperature:
The temperature ranges from 4.80 C (in January 2013) to 38.40C (in June 2013)
with an average 20.30C. Based on the information of Regional Meteorology Centre,
Borjahr, Guwahati, the temperature of Guwahati on 1st May 1960 was 40.30C and
38.60C on 27th March, 1979 (The Assam Tribune dated 8.5.2013) and the average
maximum and average minimum summer day temperature of the Guwahati City for the
month of May, June, July and August taking 1951 as the beginning year to the year
2012 are shown in the Table # 3.03.
100
Table # 3.03: Maximum and Minimum summer day Average Temperature of the
Guwahati City
Y
E
A
R
Month May Month June Month July Month August
Average
Maxim-
um 0C
Average
Minim-
um 0C
Average
Maxim-
um 0C
Average
Minim-
um 0C
Average
Maxim-
um 0C
Average
Minim-
um 0C
Average
Maxim-
um 0C
Average
Minim-
um 0C
1951 30.3 22.1 30.8 24.7
1952 30.6 22.2 33.0 25.4
1953 33.0 25.9
1958 32.2 25.3 32.4 25.9
1959 32.6 25.8
1960 32.09 23.3
1963 32.9 22.8 32.9 26.2
1971 32.0 25.1
1973 33.4 25.15 33.4 25.5
1975 32.2 24.8
1979 34.1 24.5
1981 33.5 24.9
1988 32.0 26.0
1991 32.3 26.1
1992 32.5 25.5
1994 33.6 25.9 33.3 25.5
1997 33.4 25.6
2004 32.4 22.9
2008 33.0 23.3
2012 33.5 22.3 32.1 24.1 33.4 25.4 34.1 25.2
Source: Regional Meteorology Centre, Borjhar, Guwahati, Temperature of
Guwahati City published in ‘The Assam Tribune’ dated, 13.09.2012.
f. Drainage and Water Bodies:
The mighty River Brahmaputra having peak flow 65,500 CM/sec during
summer is flowing in the north side with slight western side of the old Gauhati
Municipal Corporation which has large numbers of attracting archeological events and
natural wet lands. The River Brahmaputra is the main natural drainage flowing through
101
the proposed greater Guwahati and its tributary River Bharalu originated from
Meghalaya is flowing from south to north passing through the heart of the city touching
Khanapara, Mataria, Assam state zoo, Rupnagar, Birubari, Rehabari, Fatasil. The river
Basishta originated from south Meghalaya is passing through Bhetapara,
Beltola,Lakhara and finally falls into Deepar Beel. Among many other water bodies
available in the greater Guwahati is the Deepar Beel which has been recognized as
Ramsa Water Body, Silsako, Tepor Beel, Hahchora, Pitani Beel, Pota Beel, Sarusola
and Barsola Beel. The Digheli Pukhuri and Jor Pukhuri constructed by Queen
Phuleswari, Sil Pukhuri, Nakkata Pukhuriare four major water bodies in the City.
g. Soil and Vegetation:
As per Saikia and Saikia (2004), the hills region is covered by red sandy clay
and late rite soil and plains area composed of silt, sand, clay and red clay, soil materials
are mixture of grains of non-cohesive material like quartz, feldspar and mica, and lump
of stone. The natural vegetation in the city is mostly covered by naturally grown old
and new trees, planted trees, natural deciduous type of forests in hills which is now
gradually reducing due to cutting of hilly earth and illegal settlement. The plains of the
City is covered by huts, Assam type houses and multistoried buildings and flats, roads,
lanes, offices and residential houses in addition to telecommunication and T.V. towers,
posts of Electricity Board, holders, banners and so on besides the bazaar areas.
h. Land use pattern:
The land use pattern of the Guwahati City is somewhat peculiar because of its
topographical situation staring from very low land of water body to very high land of
hillside. The built-up area was 83.3 Sq. Kms in 1968, 132.19 Sq. Kms. in 1990, and
102
135.48 Sq. Kms. in 2002 (The Assam Tribune dated, 6.11.2012:5). The classification of
built-up land shows the percentage of the total built-up land of that year(Table # 3.04).
A comparative study also reveals that there has been unabated conversion of
land from non-urban use to urban use, resulting in gradual decrease of forest cover as
well as increase of waste land and the total forest cover in the hills now is a meager
13.6%, of the 7023 hectares of hills land, 262 hectares fall under reserve forest which
are gradually destroyed and degraded due to encroachment and tree felling by the
people.
Table # 3.04: Land Use Pattern in Guwahati City (in percentage)
Land use
category
Year
1990
Year
2002
Break up Year
1990
Year
2002
Year
2012*
Built up Land 42.2 38.27
Residential
Industrial
Transpiration
Commercial
Recreational
Public and Semi-public
Mixed built up area
73.0
4.0
7.3
5.3
0.4
9.3
0.7
78.0
5.0
8.0
-
-
9.0
73.0
4.2
0.6
1.5
0.1
12.3
0.2
Agril. Land 8.2 12.28 - - -
Forest land 12.6 11.85 - - - 13.6
Waste Land 6.9 14.94 - - -
Water bodies 30.1 22.65 - - -
Source: Assam Remote Sensing Application Centre 2005, R. G. Barua Road,
Guwahati.*Satellite Imagery of city’s land use pattern published in The Assam
Tribune dated, 06.11.2012. p. 5.
i.Transport and Communication:The city is connected with Broad Gauge
Railways, National Highway No. 31 and 37. There were 2268 roads within the
Municipal Corporation (Deka 2001) of which 1919 roads are maintained by Guwahati
103
Municipal Corporation, 237 roads by Public Works Department, Assam, and rest 112
roads by Railway authority. The entire city is internally and externally connected by
many small and big, buses, auto rickshaw, share cars, more than 21,100 rickshaws (The
Assam Tribune dated, 27.4.2013) and individual vehicular arrangement. The railway
stations within the City are at Kamakhya (Maligaon), Guwahati (Panbazar), New
Guwahati and Narengi with N.F.Railway H.Q at Maligaon established in 1958. The
growth of business and commerce, educational institutions and other offices, Guwahati
Refinery (1962), easy connection between north and south banks of River Brahmaputra
by Saraighat Bridge constructed in 1964 make it busiest City in the Northeastern part
of India.
The Guwahati City is connected by many places through water ways also. As
per Inland Water Transport Corporation, the ferry service, private engine boat and
country boat services available are (a) Sunsali-Kuruwa (b) Guwahati-Kuruwa (c)
Guwahati-Rajaduwar (d) Guwahati-North Guwahati (e) Guwahati-Suwalkuchi (f)
Pandu-Amingaon (g) Adabari-Kurihamari (h) Guwahati-Kirakhata and carries 18 to 22
lakhs passenger yearly and about 32000 to 36000 quintal of goods every year which is
about 15.8% to 19.5%of total passengers and 8.46% to 9.45% of total goods of the
Assam.
The Guwahati City is connected by air ways by good numbers of flights via its
L.G.B. International Airport, Borjhar, Guwahati (Table #3.05).
104
Table # 3.05: Air Port Statistics of Air Fights in Guwahati City.
Air Flight particulars
Year
2007-08
Year
2008-09
Year
2009-10
Average Numbers of Flights handled per day 67 169 72
Average Numbers of passengers handled per day 3691 11025 4357
Average Cargo handled per day (in tones) 6 7 14.53
Source: Statistical Hand Book of Assam 2011, 2012. Directorate of Statistics and
Economics, Assam.p. 204.
Educational, Industrial and Commercial Activities
a. Educational Institutions and Offices:
In the Guwahati City, there are Gauhati University, Guwahati, established in
1948, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 2 private Universities and K.K.
Handique State Open University, Cotton College State University, Assam Agricultural
UniversityBranch, good numbers of colleges and educational institutes in Arts, Science,
Commerce, Health and Medical Sciences, Engineering, Technology, Information
Technology, Management, Fashion design, Mass Communication and others. The
Assam State Secretariat at Dispur is situated in Guwahati City where a large numbers of
Central Government offices, State Government, Semi Government, Private, Non-
Government Organizational offices, The Gauhati High Court, Bank are available.
Among many other offices, the Deputy Commissioner’s office established in
1861,Thana and Post and Telegraph office in 1872, Gauhati dispensary in 1871, Cotton
College in 1901, Curzon Hall in 1903, Assam State Museum in 1940. As per Deka
(2001), a voluntary Town Improvement Committee was formed in 1936. This
Committee tried to introduce the idea of civic amenities to the local people of the
105
Gauhati (Now Guwahati) and Gauhati Municipal Board was set up with two English
officials as Commissioner and District Magistrate as Chairman and Act was passed.
The Gauhati Municipal Board was functioning till 1956 and Gauhati Municipal
Corporation Act 1971 come into force w.e.f. 18.01.1973 with 34 numbers of wards at
that time. With the growth of the City, the migration of people, specially poor people to
Guwahati City are increasing by lips and bounds for their jobs, employment in various
works under informal sectors.As per Government of Assam (2004), the number of poor
exceeds 1,00,000 in the city. These are distributed in hill side, low land, riverside,
physically disadvantageous places, near industrial areas, vacant places of railway line,
slum and squatter settlement within the Guwahati City. With the gradual increase of
population and coverage of more areas, the Gauhati Municipal Corporation Act 1971
was time to time amended and it was amended to Guwahati Municipal Corporation
(Amendment) Act 1994 from 5.5.1994 and in subsequent years so as to extend various
facilities to the resident of the Guwahati City. As per Census of India, 2011, the
population of this city is 968,549, which now approaches to about 13,00,000 (June
2013).
b. Industries and Commerce:
The city of Guwahati was not initially industrially forward till the last part of
19th century. As per Das (2002), there was no industrial activity in the beginning of the
20th century except two steam mills, one Oil mill and other Flour mills cum cotton
ginning mill and some cottage level manufacturing, repairing and service units and city
has gradually been progressing in industrial activities after the British came to Assam.
As per Desai (1995), Small and Cottage industries were coming up in Guwahati from
106
20th century whereas Bombay had absorbed about 30000 workers in ten Cotton Mills by
1860’s. In this context, Subramanya (2006:162)says “with the changing industrial
landscape of the country, the growth of new industrial townships and the dispersal of
activity, a new process of industrial culturalization of workers have set in. New
working class areas have come into being and old ones are expanding”. Thus the
migratory labourers still come to cities to get employment in the industries and other
such avenues available at Guwahati City.
The Gauhati Refinery, being the second one of the state, was established in
1962 at Noonmati and Gauhati Flour Mills was established in 1956 in Bhangagarh.
With the establishment of Refinery, Oil Mills & Rice Mills, Saw Mills at Ulubari,
Printing Press at Chandmari, the industrial wave has gradually spreading after
independence and subsequently many small and medium industries like India Carbon
and Assam Carbon at Noonmati, Fertichem Ltd at Bonda, Kamrup Paper Mills at
Amingaon, Kumar Iron and Steel Ltd, Zoo Road and such other industrial units are
come up besides good numbers of repairing and service centers. The present industrial
scenario of the City is very encouraging and a large numbers of micro, small, medium
and large industries, commercial centers, industrial estate, mini industrial estate and
industrial parks are coming up in Guwahati City. The present Industrial Infrastructure
constructed by the Industries and Commerce Department of Assam in greater Guwahati
are depicted in the Table # 3.06.
The total Small Scale Industries namely Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises (SSI
/MSME) registered in the in the Guwahati City during the last few years are shown in
the Table # 3.07 and Table # 3.08 respectively. During the year 2010, there are large
numbers of industrial units are established in Guwahati where a sizable numbers of
107
peoples are engaged formally besides the engagement of daily wage labour and workers
under informal sector.
Table # 3.06: Industrial Infrastructure in Greater Guwahati and Kamrup District
Sl
No.
Name of Industrial Infrastructure Aras in
Sq. Mtr
No. of
Sheds
Constructed
No. of units
functioning as
on31.3.2012.*
1. Industrial Estate , Bamunimaidan 76132 63 76
2. Industrial Area, (i) Kalapahar
(ii) Bonda
(iii) Bamunimaidam
(iv) Rani
14049
32474
38141
82974
13
21
34
40
28
34
57
23
3. Export Promotional Industrial Park,
Amingaon
275587 3 38
4. Mini Industrial Estate, Kalapahar 12310 43 43
Other Industrial Infrastructure nearest to Guwahati City within Kamrup District
1. Growth Center (i) Chaygaon-I
(ii) Chaygaon
(iii) Patgaon
535316
321190
21734
0
0
1
7
0
2
2. Integrated Infrastructure Development
Project, Rangia
162805 0 7
*This includes the sheds constructed by the industrial units themselves at their own
cost.
Source: Directorate of Industries and Commerce, Assam (2012).
The SSI and Medium industries registered after notification of MSME Act 2006
during last 4 years (2007-11) are shown in the following table.
The trade and commercial activities are controlled by the Rajasthani
community, followed by Hindi speaking community and Assamese speaking
108
community. The Bengali speaking people generally prefers service in Government, or
in NGO or in casual work.
Table # 3.07: Micro Enterprises registered in District Industries and Commerce
Center, Assam, in Guwahati City during 2006 to 2011.
Period Agro-
based
Steel
furniture and
fabric-ation
Fruits Printing
press
Carton
Box
Dalmut
Bhujiya
Leat-her Repa-
iring
and
servi-
cing
2006-7 22 34 5 20 5 2 - 11
2007-8 5 16 3 13 1 2 1 17
2008-9 7 17 - 19 1 - - 9
2009-10 7 52 4 22 - 5 16
2010-11 5 64 2 16 2 1 1 29
Source: District Industries and Commerce Center, Kamrup, Guwahati.
It is also seen that some new industrial areas are coming up during last few
years at some intermediate parts of the Guwahati city in the south and south-western
part (Pacchim Baragaon, Pub Baragaon), and in the southern part of the City (Lalmati,
Sarusajai & Barsajai) because of construction of the 4 (four) Lane Asian Highway and
south-eastern part (Khanapara, Panjabari), eastern part (Bamunimaidan, Bonda) of the
City.
109
Table # 3.08: Small Scale and Medium Enterprises registered in Directorate of
Industries and Commerce, Assam, Guwahati.
Sl No. Industrial activity Numbers
1. Plastic based including lamination articles 3
2. Fabrication of Steel items, Furniture and households items 1
3. Pot perform, Bottle cap, Closure 1
4. IMFL 1
5. Casting of Iron & Steel, M.S. Ingot 2
6. Soda water, Fruits 2
7. Biscuits 2
8. Hair cream, Gel, Shoe polish, Mosquito repeal 1
9. Cement factory 1
10. Ready mix concrete 1
11. Printing press, Book binding, Corrugated Box 2
12. Flexible lamination article 1
13. Oxygen and Nitrogen (Liquefied ) Gas 1
14 Jute fabric and Jute items 1
15. Cotton, Acrylic polyester Dyed yarn 1
16. Disposable glass and cups 1
17. Thermocolis sheet blower, PVC Pipe 2
18. Electrical Equipments, welding rods and other electrical items 2
19 Soya nuggets and Soya chunks 1
Total 26
Source: Directorate of Industries and Commerce, Assam, Guwahati.
Along with the industrial development of the City, the level of income of the
traders is also gradually increasing with resultant increase of population in the City.
Consequently it brings scope to formation of slum areas in Guwahati where in large
numbers of informal sectors are gradually growing leaps and bound in many areas of
110
Guwahati City. The level of income for the poor and slum habitants has however, not
increasing as envisaged by authority, there is still poor socio-cultural activities, problem
of poverty, housing and accommodation problems, lack of education to children and a
large numbers of child labourers are engaged by the private organized sectors.
c. Price and Public Distribution System:
The changes in commodity prices have great impact on the economic activities
as well as on the purchasing power of the people of a country and rising prices also lead
to increase in income inequality. It also affects the fixed income groups of the society
(Economic Survey, Assam 2011-12:186-188). The consumer Price Index number for
industrial workers is mainly used for the determination dearness allowances being paid
to the public sector employees, besides the fixation and revision of minimum wages in
scheduled employment. It is based on the retail prices of essential commodities and
services in industrially developed nations.
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) for industrial workers was constructed by
Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Government of Assam, Guwahati and during
the year 2011, the CPI for industrial workers in Assam increased 6.21% as against
9.09% at all India level over 2010 and the rate of increase of the index was recorded
higher by 7.69 % in Guwahati over the previous year which is reflected in the Table #
3.9.
The CPI number has direct impact on the workers engaged in the informal
sectors because of its sale of products and services to the employees of the organized
sector.
111
Table # 3.09: Consumer Price Index (CPI) Number for Industrial workers in
Guwahati, Assam and India (Base 2001=100)
Year Guwahati Assam India
2006 115 116 123
2007 120 125 131
2008 128 133 142
2009 143 147 157
2010 156 161 176
2011 168 171 192
Source: Economic Survey of Assam, 2011-12. pp.186-188.
All these facilities stated in various paragraph above, accelerate the trade and
business activity in the City by handling of agricultural goods, animal life stocks, forest
products, mineral products, dairy products, fishes and vegetables, industrial equipments
and machinery items, transport equipments and tools, electronic and electrical
equipments.The registered factories of Guwahati give livelihood to the poor engaged in
informal sector besides the employment of large numbers of peoples in formal sector in
these factories and activities.The workers engaged in different factories in Assam and
Kamrup (M) is reflected in the Table # 3.10.
d.Distribution Pattern of Workers:
The distribution pattern of the different groups of society in Guwahati City
shows somewhat similar and homogeneous segregation, like language, religion, culture,
physical appearance. These social factors more or less affect the occupational structure
of the population of the City. The distribution pattern of workers in different categories
in the City shows that activities in different services are too high followed by transport,
storage and communication and is least in mining and quarrying (Table # 3.11).
112
Table # 3.10: Distribution of workers in the registered factories in Kamrup District
and Assam.
Type of Industries
Assam Kamrup*
Factory Worker Factory Worker
Agriculture, hunting, and related service
activities
29 495 3 20
Manufacturing of food products and beverage 1519 69229 161 4686
Manufacturing of tobacco products 52 725 34 401
Leather products 1 12 - -
Manufacturing of paper and paper products 153 3392 33 529
Printing, publishing, reproduction of recorded
media
40 978 26 772
Chemical and chemical products 148 7348 103 4355
Manfg. of plastic and rubber products 153 3392 103 1712
Manfg. of other non-metallic products 1132 30251 175 4905
Manfg. M/c and Equipment 49 814 12 208
Manfg. Electrical Machineries and apparatus 43 815 32 465
Manfg. of Radio, TV, Communication
equipment and Machineries
7 193 7 193
Mangf. of basic metals 132 3643 84 2531
Manfg. of furniture 25 482 19 345
Sale, maintenance, & repairing of motor
vehicle
107 2132 37 908
Retail trade except motor &
motor cycle
19 107 3 16
Post & telecommunication 1 26 1 26
Education service 3 - 1 -
Coke and petroleum products natural fuel 64 5444 47 3158
Source: Statistical Hand Book, Assam, 2011, pp. 138-145 * including Kamrurp (Metro)
113
Table # 3.11: Distribution of workers in different categories in the Guwahati City.
Sl.
No
Category Percent (%) distribution
1971 1991 2001
1. Cultivator 0.83 1.34 0.66
2. Agricultural labourers 0.40 1.05 0.27
3. Household Manufacturing, repairing,
servicing
1.44 0.64 1.57
4. Life stock, forestry, fishing, hunting,
plantation, orchards and allied
0.94 2.48
92.2
5. Mining and quarrying 0.04 0.45
6. Manufacturing, Processing, Service
and repairing other than households
12.98 11.15
7. Construction 3.83 5.42
5.3
8. Trade and commerce 21.92 26.04
9. Transport, storage, communication 23.13 14.08
10. Other services 34.48 37.32
11. Marginal workers - 0.83
12. Total 100.00 100.00 100.00
13. Total workers in Numbers 65,969 173,351 284,381
Source: 1.Office of the Directorate of Census Operation, Assam, 2002.
2. Town Directory of Assam, 1971 and 1991.
e. The Tea Auction Center:
The Tea Auction Centre established in 1970 and Guwahati Stock Exchange
established in 1983 at Guwahati are the important centers for trade commerce activities
in Guwahati. The Fancy Bazaar is the main hub for the trade and business in addition to
Uzan Bazar, Dispur, Maligaon, Beltola, Palton Bazaar, Noonmati, Narengi, Khanapara,
Maligaon and the like.
114
Table # 3.12: Quantity and Average Price of Tea Sold in Guwahati Tea Auction
Centre.
Year Leaf
Dust
CTC Orthodox CTC Orthodox
Quanti-
ty
(million
Kg )
Average
price
(per
Kg.)
Quant-
ity
(millio
n Kg )
Aver-
age
price
(per
Kg.)
Quant-
ity
(millio
n Kg )
Aver-
age
price
(per
Kg.)
Quan-
tity
(millio
n Kg )
Aver-
age
price
(per
Kg.)
2005 101.94 61.11 0.61 61.62 40.3 59.19
2006 100.75 67.96 0.72 78.18 40.90 68.27
2007 106.88 70.09 4.16 73.93 41.51 73.02 .001 50.00
2008 110.14 90.2 0.56 92.39 41.99 95.73
2009 98.33 108.52 0.44 111.21 39.74 115.10
2010 87.33 113.06 0.36 122.09 38.94 116.26
2011
(up to
July)
20.17 126.78 0.06 123.34 10.17 122.82
Source: Economic Survey, Assam, 2011-12, p. 123.
The impact of Tea Auction Center in Guwahati has direct and indirect impact on
the growth of informal sectors wherein some people of this locality are employed as it
has handled large quantity of tea every year (Table # 3.12)
Population Growth in Guwahati City
a. Population Demography:
The Guwahati City exhibits heterogeneous composition of peoples speaking
Assamese, Hindi, Bengali in a dominating numbers and other languages spoken are
Nepali, Bodo (Boro), Telegu, Karbi, Rajasthani, Rabha, Deori, Bhojpuri, Urdu,
English, Marathi, Punjabi, Tamil and the like. The city is dominated by Hindu and
Islamic religion followed by Jain, Christian and Buddhist. The literacy rate is 92.89%
115
for male and 89.16% for female (Census of India, 2011). The population distribution
rather the density of population of the city was 2695/Sq. Kms. in 1991, 3735/Sq. Kms.
in 2001 and now 3697/Sq. Kms.in 2011 having sex ratio 839 in 2001 and 927 in 2011
respectively. The growth of population of Guwahati City is shown in the Table # 3.13
and represented by a Diagram # D- 01.
* There was no Census in 1981, and the figure mentioned here is estimated.
Population growth of Guwahati City as per Census of India 2001, 2011 & Master
Plan of Guwahati Metropolitan Area 2009 :
Diagram # D-01
11661 12481 16480 21797
29594
84601
166695
252505
435280
584342
818809
968549
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
1901 1911 1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981* 1991 2001 2011
116
Table # 3.13: Growth of Population in Guwahati and Assam.
Population of Guwahati Population of Assam
Year Population Decadal growth Population Decadal growth
1901 11,661 - 32,89,680 -
1911 12,481 7.03 38,48,617 16.99
1921 16,480 32.04 46,36,980 20.48
1931 21,797 32,26 55,60,371 19.91
1941 29,594 35.79 66,94,790 20.40
1951 84,601 185.83 80,28,856 19.93
1961 166,695 797.04 108,37,329 34.98
1971 252,505 51.36 146,25,152 34.95
1981 435,280* 48.45* 180,41,000* 23.36*
1991 584,342 131.6 224,14,322 53.26
2001 818,809 40.12 266,55,528 18.92
2011 968,549 18.29 311,69,272 16.93
* There was no census in 1981 and this is estimated figure.
Source: (i)Census of India, 2001 and Census of India, 2011 and
(ii) Master Plan of Guwahati Metropolitan Area, 2009.
Table # 3.14: Ward wise Population density of the Guwahati City.
Sl.
No.
Range of Population density
: Persons/Sq. Km
Ward Number $
1. 927 to 3584 2, 7, 10, 12, 13, 16, 17, 31, 40, 46, 47, 50, 51,
52, 54, 58,
2. 3585 to 7640 1, 15, 22, 31, 48, 49, 53, 55, 56, 59, 60,
3. 7641 to 12329 3, 5, 9, 11, 18, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 30, 33,
34, 35, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 57,
4. 12330 to 17652 6, 8, 27, 30, 36,
5. 17653 to 26712 4, 14, 19, 20, 28, 29, 32, 43, 44, 45,
$ There were 60 numbers wards in 2012.
Source: 1.Office of the Directorate of Census Operation, Assam, 2002
2. Town Directory of Assam, 1971, 1991.
117
The highest density population zone is found near the city center and gradually
it is decreasing towards the outwards and in southern side. The ward wise population
density of the city can be sighted in the Table # 3.14.
b. Urbanization:
The definition of Urbanization adopted by the Census of India, 2011, is as
under:
a) All statutory towns i.e. all places with a Municipality, Corporation,
Municipal Board, Cantonment Board or Notified areas, Council/
Committees;
b) All other places which satisfy the following criteria:
i) A minimum population of 5000.
ii) At least 75% of the male working population are engaged in non-
agricultural and allied activities and
iii) Density of population at least 400 per Sq. Km (or 1000 persons per Sq.Mile).
The process of urbanization and growth of population in the urban places like
Guwahati City in the N. E. Region of India is a trend of social change. For economic
and social development of the people living both in the rural and urban areas, the
Government is taking many policies and implementing many schemes among the
people. The social change and functions of the urban areas are more diversified in
trade, commerce, industrialization, transport and communication, service and
business, besides other activities like, official, professional, individual, educational
and other related social activities. At present, the push and pull factor of
118
urbanization is a never ending process. The basic reason for the growth of population
in urban areas is the migration of people from the rural areas to the urban areas for
their employment. The shifting of rural people to urban centre has opened up a new
advantage for the labour force who are having a few years of schooling, very little or
no previous work experience. The greater avenue for employment in urban places due
to jobs availability in the trades & business, industries, transport and communication,
services, construction activities, large scale Government/semi Govt. offices, private
institutions, educational & health care etc. are also major factors for pulling the rural
people to urban areas.
The urban agglomeration, which was formally conceived in 1971 during
census, was subsequently continued during 1981, 1991, 2001 and 2011 census. The
new entrance to the heart of the city or adjoining town like place, i.e. railway colony,
port areas, university campus, military campus, business place, which by its
qualification cannot treated as independent town, but form a continuous part and
treated to be an urban area (Census of India, 2011).
All these factors as out lined above accelerate the growth of population in
the cities and towns year after year. Even then, India accounts for about 17.1%
world population with 2.4% of the world surface wherein urbanization is taking
place day by day. The urbanization trend of Assam is depicted in the Table #
3.15and population is represented by a Diagram # D-02
119
45.153.98
64.87
76.84
105.56
133.36
166.67
199.27
232.16
267.81
1.27 1.62 2.08 3.457.81 12.89
18.94
24.8834.39
43.89
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1921 1931 1941 1951 1961 1971 1981* 1991 2001 2011
Rural Population in Lakh
Urban Population in Lakh
*There was no Census in 1981. Figure mentioned is estimated.
Year wise Rural & Urban Population of Assam (in Lakh)
Diagram # D-02
120
Table # 3.15: Trend in Urbanization of Assam 1921-2011
Census
Year
Total
Nos. of
UAs/
Towns
Total
popul-
ation in
Lakhs
Total rural
population
Total Urban
population
Percent
Urban
popul-
ation
Decennial
Growth
percent
1921 22 46.37 45,09,873 127,107 2.74 36.8
1931 22 55.60 53,98,295 162,166 2.92 27.58
1941 24 66.95 64,86,723 208,067 3.11 28.3
1951 24 80.29 76,84,025 344,831 4.29 65.73
1961 50 108.37 105,56,041 781,288 7.16 126.57
1971 69 146.25 133,35,930 1289,222 8.71 65.01
1981 * * * * * *
1991 87 224.14 199,26,527 2487,795 10.97 92.97
2001 110 266.55 232,16,288 3439,240 12.90 38.24
2011 189 311.69 267,80,516 4388,756 14.08 27.61
Source: Census of India, 2011. * No census was done in 1981
c. Classification of Towns and Cities:
The Guwahati City is the most populous city which is only the Class-I city
among the North-eastern States of India having one Municipal Corporation. It crosses 1
(one) lakh population in 1961. Presently, the Kamrup (Metropolitan) district is the most
urbanized district of Assam and Guwahati City accounts for about 84% of the urban
population (Census of India, 2011) of the district and rest are shared by Class II, III, IV,
V, and VI category of urban Centers (Table 3.16).
Agnihotri (2000:252-253), while discussing on poverty and homelessness stated
that the growth of cities in developing countries like India is one of the main reasons of
homelessness of the poor and cities are attracting migrants from countryside because of
rural unemployment caused by improvement in agriculture productivity and these
migrants need brick houses, piped water supply, sewers and roads. But the rural
migrants are unable to afford due to poverty. He argued that cities are growing fast and
further investment in them should be discouraged for five main reasons:
121
Table # 3.16: Growth of Urban Population by size class of UA / City / Town, 1991 -
2011.
size class of
UA/City/Town
Nos. of UAs /Towns Percentage of population in each
size class
1991 2001 2011 1991 2001 2011
Class -I 4 7 7 37.68 46.96 42.79
Class -II 4 7 8 11.60 11.74 11.13
Class –III 20 22 24 25.66 19.13 16.47
Class -IV 32 31 45 18.12 13.54 14.56
Class -V 15 35 78 5.18 7.68 12.45
Class -VI 12 8 27 1.75 0.94 2.50
All Classes 87 110 189 100 100 100
Source: Census of India, 2011, Provisional Population Totals, paper 2, Volume 2 of
2011, Assam, p.176.
(1) Cities have been boosted artificially: Many developing countries have spent an
undue proportion of their scarce resources on providing their cities with cheap
food and expensive infrastructure project.
(2) Cities are too expensive: Urbanization calls for lot of investment in
infrastructure that is not strictly necessary because migrants are abandoning
perfectly good houses in their villages.
(3) Cities increase unemployment: There are only two types of labour market in big
city: well-paid jobs in the civil services, banking and industry for a privileged
few, hood-carrying or often nothing at all for millions living in slums and shanty
towns. The enormous numbers of squatters account for over half the population
of some of the cities.
122
(4) Cities breed crime: Unlike villages and towns where populations are stable
enough for new comers to become known, cities are full of strangers and safety
of neighborhood is largely in the hands of the police which often inadequate.
(5) Cities waste resources: People in villages can walk to work, those in towns may
have to take a short ride by car, bus or bicycle and in a city the concentration of
people causes congestion and raises the cost of travel involving wastage of extra
time and fuel. As cities expand, the causes of providing basic services often rise
exponentially. In addition, there are environmental and natural problems added
with manmade disasters.
d. Estimated Population in urban area of Assam and Guwahati:
The estimated population growth, in urban agglomeration areas of Assam and
Guwahati City in the next 20 years will be 68.16 lakhs and 26.50 lakhs respectively if a
decadal growth rate for Assam and Guwahati are assessed at 18-25% and at 35-40%
respectively. The Census of India, 2011 have mentioned the urbanization trend in
terms of percent urban population of Assam and Kamrup Metropolitan District is
(82.9%) in the 1st position among 10 districts of Assam followed by Dima Hasao
(28.7%), Jorhat (20.1%), Tinsukia (20.0%) and the position of next 6 districts are
Dibrugarh (18.4%), Cachar (18.2%), Bongaigaon (13.8%), Goalpara (13.7%), Nagaon
(13.0%) and Karbi Anglong (11.8%) respectively.
The share of Guwahati City population to the total urban agglomeration of
Assam will be about 39% in 2030 as estimated in the Table # 3.17.
123
Table # 3.17: Projected Population Growth in Assam and Guwahati City during 2015-
2030.
Year
Assam Urban
population in Lacs
Guwahati
Population in Lacs
Population density in
number per Sq. Km.
2011(Base yr.) 43.89 9.69 4486
2015 47.82 14.98 4539
2020 53.55 18.05 5470
2025 60.26 21.91 5532
2030 68.16 26.50 6691
Note: The area of Guwahati assumed at 262 Sq. km. in 2010 and 328 Sq. km. in 2025.
Source: Calculated by author himself.
e.Slum Population in Guwahati City:
The slum in Guwahati emerged at an early stage of colonial period, and initially
slum formed by the Harijans settled colony just before the independence (Action Aid
2004). The said report reflected that Harijans colony was first started in M C Road near
the Kamrup Academy School and Chenikuthi Medium English School. The identified
the slum areas of Guwahati City are either in temporary nature or in permanent nature.
The study shows that the slums identified by one organization in a particular year are
varied from other organizations in some other year.
The total slums pockets as identified in the Guwahati City come to 114 numbers
with a population of 185,716 which is about 19.17% of the total population of
Guwahati City if we assume total population of Guwahati at 9,68,549 (Census of India,
2011).
124
Table # 3.18: Total slum pockets and slum population in Guwahati City till 2012.
Sl. No. Name of
Organization
Slums
pockets
identified
Nos. of
Househo
lds
Nos. of
Population
Remarks
1. Guwahati
Development
Department,
Govt. of Assam
90
27,966
167,796
Notified by the
Government of
Assam.
2. Additional slums
identified by
Researcher.
24 3,200 17,920 Not notified by Govt.
of Assam till 2012
Total 114 31,166 185,716
Vertical & Horizontal Expansion of Guwahati City:
The experiences from the past few decades have witnessed that the growth of
urban areas and exodus of much population from rural areas to urban areas are due to
search of their employment and better quality of life than their native place. The rural
migrated people generally find many difficulties to adjust in a new urban environment
and they cannot immediately find any earning source because of having no skill for
better jobs. In order to survive they get themselves engaged as domestic helper,
construction labourer and such other occupation under informal sector in the city like
Guwahati. The increase of population no doubt, accelerates the urbanization. On the
other hand, the housing problems are day to day increasing. To meet up the shortage
of houses, multi storied building are coming up. In India presently there is shortage of
18.78 million houses as stated by Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation Ministry of
Government of India (Dainik Asam,in Assamese vernacular, dated 24.07.2013:8) and
96% of them are economically backward and poverty stricken people. During the last
two decades, high and medium income people are purchasing the constructed houses,
125
but the poor specially the slum people do not have capacity to purchase such houses
and so they have to stay in a low cost houses constructed haphazardly in the cities and
towns resulting horizontal expansion of the urban place. The increase of population in
the urban areas, no doubt, accelerates the growth of new slums where there is
availability of low rented houses in the City area. As these migrated peoples are
assumed to be poor, they may try to live in the slum areas or in the places where low
rented houses are available. The survey shows that presently there is a need of 12,817
numbers of suitable accommodations in Guwahati, which accounts about 6.95%
household (Census of India, 2001). The Guwahati City has been expanding gradually
and the characteristics of 3rd World urban centre with the growth of slum and squatter
settlements are being developed. During the second part of 20th century, there is a rapid
expansion of Guwahati City in many folds and it is gradually expanded vertically by
multistoried buildings and horizontally by covering many neighboring and adjacent
places of the old Guwahati City by multiple activities (Map No M.P- 05) and new
slums are formed. Simultaneously, the industrialization and other developmental
activities accelerate the formation of slums. It is expected that the areas of greater
Guwahati would be 330 Sq. Kms. by 2025. Thus the vertical and horizontal expansion
of the City result the pacing of foot of slum formation and accelerate the growth of
formal and informal sectors in the City.
126
An Aerial View of Major Parts of Guwahati City Central containing Multi-
Storied Buildings, New Field, Nehru Stadium and other places.
Map # MP-05
https://www.google.co.in
**********