Chapter Five

Contraception:

Planning and

Preventing Pregnancy

Historical Perspectives

The Politics of Contraception• Anthony Comstock and the Comstock Act• Margaret Sanger

– “Family Limitation”– Planned Parenthood

• 100 Years Later and it’s Still About Politics

Choosing a Method of Contraception

An Individual or Shared Decision?Lifestyle ConsiderationsUnreliable Methods• The Withdrawal Method• Douching

Reliable Contraception Methods

Methods for Preventing Pregnancy and STIs

Abstinence and “Outercourse”• Not to be Confused with Celibacy

In Touch with Your Sexual Health Choosing Abstinence—Steps for Success

Male Condoms• How Condoms Work• Effectiveness of Condoms• Proper Use of Condoms• Convincing Your Partner to Use Condoms• In Touch with Your Sexual Health Using Male

Condoms Correctly

Methods for Preventing Pregnancy and STIs (cont.)

Methods for Preventing Pregnancy and STIs (cont.)

The Female Condom

Hormonal Methods that Prevent Pregnancy But NOT

STIs Oral Contraceptives• How Oral

Contraceptives Work• The Effectiveness of

Oral Contraceptives• Using Birth Control Pills

Correctly• Advantages and

Disadvantages of the Pill

• In Touch with Your Sexual Health Missed Your Pill? Here’s What You Should Do

Hormonal Methods that Prevent Pregnancy But NOT

STIs

More Hormonal Methods Hormonal Implants• How Implants Work• The Effectiveness of

Implants• Advantages and

Disadvantages of the Implants

More Hormonal Methods

Injectable Hormonal Contraceptives

• How Injection Methods Work

• The Effectiveness of Injectable Contraceptives

• Side Effects of Injection Methods– Amenorrhea

The Contraceptive Patch

More Hormonal Methods

Emergency Contraceptive Pills

The Contraceptive Ring

Barrier Methods that Prevent Pregnancy But NOT STIs

Spermicides

The Diaphragm

More Barrier MethodsA One-Size-Fits-

All Diaphragm The Cervical CapThe Sponge

Fertility Awareness Methods that Prevent Pregnancy But

NOT STIsThe Calendar MethodThe Cervical Mucous MethodThe Basal Body Temperature MethodOvulation Predictor KitsEffectiveness of Fertility Awareness Methods• The Postovulation Method

Advantages and Disadvantages

Intrauterine Methods that Prevent Pregnancy But NOT

STIs• How the IUD works• Effectiveness of an

IUD• Advantages and

Disadvantages of an IUD

Surgical Methods that Prevent Pregnancy But NOT STIs

• Sterilization (VSC)– Tubal Ligation for

Females– Vasectomy for Males

• Effectiveness of VSC• Advantages and

Disadvantages• Reversibility

Experimental and Future Methods of Birth Control

Future Methods for Men• Van Injection• Vas Occlusion• Nifedipine• A Male Hormonal Contraceptive?• Immunocontraceptives

Future Methods for Women• Antimicrobial Gels• CatSper