I CHAPTER FOUR

Interpol'sInvolvementin Politics

• "Interpofsprolectivecunainenables/ugiiive Nazis, including thosetried in absentia and convicted by various member-nations oflnitrpot,to remain at large, not only unmolested, but actually protected andguarded by local fotic* organizations in charge of aliens."

I year, tpokesmen for Ike World Jewish The resultis thai Interpol't pro-

I Her World War II. trials held iaI Nuremberg convicted manyI Nazis of heinous wat crimes.I Among those convicted wcte

Ernst Kahcabruaacr. Imerpol presi-dent from 1943 uaul hu deam feyhanging in 1946.

Many other Nazis fled Germany,adopting new lives and identities else-where, using the spoils of Europe iobuy safely and privacy.

The search for the most notoriousNazis became a priority for the West*cm world — but not for Imerpoi. .

As noted by many authors. Nazi' unicrs. and historians. Inerpol has

tly refused to assist with theI or apprehension of Nazi war

. The group cues Article 3 of ,m constitution as ike icasoa. Thai ar- *ucle states: I

"ll is smelly forbidden for the or-ganization io underuLc any interven-tion or activities of a puliticakauiiiary,religious, or racial character."

However, an whet ocraiinm. In-

24

terpot kas chuun Io involve ibelf iapuliucal. religiou* and racial aaHcn.

Wrmng i» the September IWIiuueof WofUJevry, SIMintmua).-When it classified Nazi crimes »slallutg under these categories Ipotmcat.mil k»ry. religious ur(V(^l|.liucr>poi wa» hopelciity wrong legally **>l 4 i i l

INTERPOL:PRIVATE GROUP, ;PUBLIC MENACE .

| QUESTlONNAiRE AND ORDER FORM | I

charges as currency speculation aidIgluig. Interpol intervened tofthiseuraditionandiniupponof:fusal of ihe Bolivian]indue Barbie.1a a similar manner." he comia--#*c effont of federal judge Or.I Luque of Bueao* Aires. Argea-m obtain the eundilion of Or.

: aab ftom Paraguay were stavedty lha Imerpol orgmuauoM inMina and Paraguay."

Tnt adNon of luttrptt M m * Gratia fnUk Untrt am

rttaatwtaattw

Vkhough Imerpol has refused to•nek down Nazis, it has engaged; pursuit of political refugees,n 1930. Czech officials used thepol network to hunt down a groupI Czech refugees who had fled loGcrmanyfofpouucalKaaoaa.il

tan.**,.

T*aa«nsNam*t

Hc .noted, -tT(he world will bt *a to»s to understand why the policeshould be insensitive to crimes whichIhe govenuaenis of their rout nocondemn."

Hie World Jewish Congress*passed a resolution in 1961 asktagInterpol to slop classifying Hut • *crimes as poliiiealoWcnscs. Thai vwoe

Ntr.iiIrm" ikm utii mupftil urn i* a timntulkd h Imtifvt prrudm Htmhmd

•mint m wtjnn oauuul aai tmenuumd•MMCIIU* odhwHHI fl(M>,

M t U

I Co*

I. 'What do yo» ikt mm Itxm mmyi hum &*+ MOe

CHAPTER FOUR

iInterool's

• "InltrpoT.tried in abitmlo remain atguarded by Ic

I her World War I I . trials helI Nuremberg coavicttd atI Nazis of heiaous « « crii• Among ihotc convicted i

Kalieabruaacr. Imerpol piIrni hom m l aatil kit death

( a 1446.Many other Nazis fled Gem

I new live* and idealities <e. using the spoils of Europ

I safely aad privacy.The tcarcb (or the atost touts becaae a prioriiy for the *

world — but aot for lattrool.kau«ed by auay authors, I

, anil huturiaas. laicrpolI refuted lo I U U I wul

I or apprehcuacM of Naiitit The group cues Ankle

1.1k*

"ll it kindly forbidden for ih>S|muation lo uadenake any interir lion or aciiviim of apolitical, aiili\ (CIIJHJUJ. or racial chancier."

However, oa other occauens>

I 24

yev, ipokctmen for Ihe World JewishCuftgreu alto aiiked Inlerpol lo bringIku mailer before Ihe Iraerpot GeneralAucaibly. The Congren wa» lumed* w a on both rcqueut.

ll hat been documemed irut liuer-pul hat actually gone beyond the poiajof •erelyaolcoopeniMl tttonearchci

i

"The rctull is thai inierpoTs pro-tective curtain enables fugitive Natis.including those tried ia absentia aadconvkied by various memberaaiionsof Imeipol, to remain ai large, not onlyunmolesied,bui actually protected tadguarded by local police orpaiiatiossM charge of alia«."

Author aad Nazi burner LadislatFiragoWNcd in l»76 that during hispursuit of Martin Boaaajm ia SouthAiaeiic*. he established comacu withUcipol oHicnU lit well Csunif teg asBrazil, AtgeNina. Peru and $*f tguay.

"ia connection with my project,**he said, "I had ample opportunity ofuceruining thai they were... actuallyprotecting Nazi fugitives in SouthAoienc*. pie venting «athenhanf»i;ili-wiag aodyor ctpediiing their apprc-htarioa aad curadttioa.

UiMfiJwtl

mniu

charges at currency speculation andsmuggling, laterpol intervened lotfiwan hit ulradilion and in support ofihe refusal of the Bolivian governracatto euradoe Barbie.

"la a similar aumer," he contin-ued, - * e efforu of federal judge Dr.iora« tmf» of aWam Aires. Aigca-tiaa. «o ohtaia a>c cundiiioa of Dr.Mcsvgck feat raraguay were slavedoff by the latfrpnl orgaauauoaa isArg«auaa aad Paraguay."

AM ennipks. Fango cued thecases of losef Mengele and KlawBarbie, aliu Klaus Alunirjn.

In t tenet ia 1976. f t e f o wrote."Evenwhea, the eHnduionojf Barbie-alict-Almami wa$ demtaded, aot byf ranee on war cruaiaaKh*fges.buibynctghboriog fait tftt'bie-alias-Altaiann was liviag ia La f u , Soiiviaat the tiaicl... oa such purely criauaat

Although inlerpol has refused tohelp track down Nazis.« has engagedia llae punuil of political refugees.

la t<MO. Czech officials used thelalcrpot act work lo hum down a groupof lOOech tefugees who had fled toW i n firnaaaj for poliiical feaioaa. k

Member Countries of InterpolThere are l70<*ouBi|>eSin*c world. lS»of«hea»<cotor«dtedH»ea»aaoersof latopol.

CHAPTER FIVE

Interpoland Individual

Privacy• The peculiar iking it that Inlerpol hat immunity as an Inter-GovernmentalOrganization, while they art not tuck an organization.

"Thit put them above the rules of privacy, especially those in relation tok T h i 4 h

BnJuiy l97S.lkeUMlcdN*lMMi'iEconomic awl Social Councilofficially approved (ruerpoi a*an later-CnvaamcatalOrgajai-

U U O H I K J O ) .

With this speciaHOOtlaim.lmet-pot w i iblc locuabUsbtclaiiottthiptwith governments around the world.This facdMated obtaining sensitiveMlc«ruiian on pnvaic individuals fromODvcnunenl filet.

ThtnU.N Secretary General KurtWaldkeim. whose Kile at » footerN u i officer became Ike subject ofinternational controversy in recentyean, was instrumental in trlpingImerpol obtain us ICO status.

A^neMioae<liaCkaplcf2.iAlime~I W 3 meaUS. PKiideMftoMM ttea-

'»an issued an csecuuve order whichprovided Imerpol headouiulcfs. iuofficers and employees completemimimiiy from any lawsuits in meUntied States.

Thit grant at immunity was ikeduccl mul l of an intensive lobbyingcflon by Imcrpul aimed « shielding

itself from liability in VS count forviolation! of ate rigan or privacy ofAmerica* cititcns.

wl944.lntcrpolheadquanenwasgranted ciimplcic immunity by IkerVench govrnwacm mroughthc Inier-MHeadquananAgittmtat.detawcdin Chapter 2.

Thu "scat agreement" protectedImcqpol from having to disclose thecomentk of its files, and »t*> shelteredthe organization and iit offkxA fromlegal accountability for their action*.

w k of a (orceful effort ky l«erpo».wcl«di«| • ifcicti to move ««eor|awuuo«> hcadqutnert out ofFrance 4 wch bUnk« tmmuntiy W M•dfonkroming.

AccantiOftoanOctobcr I ) , I9« l .•nk le m Ike Cermaa aew«|Nvcr,Frankfurter 'uatta •««, tmerpol hadtrmateocd to move 10 a oaikw M W didnot Iwve tinct <bu pfowciiuti laws,ie. , MMiewkcK outwde Weticn £11-Hipc.ifitiMrrcnolocludnifcumwcktow by tcint yven immumiy.

At a rcsuk of these agreements,Interpol has managed to put use If abovethe law, so that an injured party hatvirtually no recourse.

The NalionalCommissioBonLawEnforcement and Social lusiice4NCLE) has documented numerouscases of utdividuab claiming to havebeen jailed, harassed and even phyii-ctlly abused by foreignpolice offKialibecause of false report! circulated byiMerpol

One of these ca>e» tftVOtved fir,M,S:. m X«gru» econoiriis) wilh iketMemtlioml Monetary Fund who, in1973. was working « Wukiagiun.O C . and living in MwyUnd.

M.S., who asked that nitn

divorced, atnd » Marylwid cowl totgiven him custody of hu t * o youngchildren.

Lale in IV7J. ilcspue the counorder, hik forma wile took ike ckil-drtatoFlofRla.

Two years Utei.afler along periodof fnutleu negotiaiiom u recover h uduldren. M.S. took maucn into hiaown hands. In May 1975. be traveledtsAindaandlookmcchildicabackloMaryland.

M.S. then decided to fly with Ikechildren 10 Afghanistan. The three ofmt» caught • (light to rneir homeland.

Meanwhile. M S ' ei-wile hadcalledInterpoliU.S.NC6 Basedo*utvcfirwd and untrue «|Mmiti<mprovided by kcr. tfcen U S Inlerpolctuef Louis S « x teat out requestitMM.S.'afresia»dfi»r»rtilinno»»idnan

"Recently such a request resukedin the arrest of an Afghanistan! inGermany ... and the offense of wkich

ggAsansuHOflkeserco/ieus.M.S.

wu arrested when the plane made a' u o p « Wiesbaden, West Germany.j He wat held agiintt tut will in

solitary confinement for nearly four' day« before ike US. Stale DepartmentI could intervene and gel him feleased.

Meanwhile, hit children were takenaway from him and handrd over to hite.wile M.S. w u branded a kidMp-per in Inlerpol files.

In addition to forwarding unveri-fied and untrue information. Inlerpolchief S i m had bypassed the c o m adiplomatic channels in requestingM.S.* arrest. Circumvention of thesechannels renders any arrest faqucslinvalid.

H a s « n tudoulclearly i n * telexabout the case that the Stale Depan-

U i ye-AS EMBIASSYI AWARE A HE-QUEST fOk PROVISIONAt AR-«EST MOT SEW VIA OUtO-MATJC CHANNEL IS NOT VAUDUNDta TREATY "

The Stale Ocpartment's assistamlegal adviser, ICE. Mabnborg, subse-uucmlywroiootheU.S.lmcrpolctiief.CMsunng him for Interpol't actions.'From time lo lime in ihe piist." hesaid, -we have had difficulty wilkpeople being arrested abroad forcMra-•Nitionanwstructions irun Imerpol.

In another example dpriimrttdby NCLE. an American butineaunanaiTrtPstrreOupuywotioaCentralAmericanportinearly I976inorderiopurchaw* ship and bring it back to theUnited State*. Akhougk he and hitcrew h id brake* no laws. Interpolagqm tntertogatcd urmarn «f M»crew.

Theom la* Enforcement mi

t•pHi«|Mt«NaCWlIn Mimhrr iitvianrr. FREEDOM

Magaust obuioed an affidavit from •former US. Imerpol agent worluiujabroad, declaring mat is 1963 Imerpolagents ptaMad drugs on individualsamt m * e w homes s* order 10 matsanssu amttoast people up for imsns-

\mlt claiming to havejailed, harassed and evemphysically abused by foreignpolice official* because offake tepom circulated byInlerpol.

Hie agenu falsely accused crewmembers of pastpon violations andhad oac crew member arressed for noapparent reason. H i t * t * d oner formaofharatsaaentfromthelnierpolancnuCHiaed the ship's sailing tote delayed.

The businessman was eventuallyallowed to take his ship to San Oiego.butiDedeUysandproblemscausedbyInterpol's harassment coil hsm a y q ldeal of lime and money.

Accord u\gioh»wnaensuscmesit."I have commiued no enme yet wathounded .,. by Imcrpot agenu andagents of a foreign country, my crewhcldiajailfornoappaicMtawviola-

: agent, whose name wat with-held a! hit request, included isumrmuidetails in hissii page affidavit, signedin September 1976. of illegal aciivuktand violations of individual rights bymtcrpol agents and officials wiik whomhe kad worked. Hoe ate ikon u -cergo:

• "(Name deklcd| then gave meM 0 t i re and told me to go downtownand buy some ... jugs ... used for meillegal manufacturing of hfmin ... sowe could leave them around the houseand make « look at though we hastbutted • heroin manufacturing facil-uy. We had not caught a mannfanur-ing facility."

•"(Name delctcdlkncw that I knewa person named El Haras. IName de-ietsdttold me that he wanted to bust ElHaras very bad.|Namedeleied|wanled10 set El Hans up..,. I said I would notset him up. IName deleted, then askedme if I would invite El Haras to myapartment to that be (Name dekicdicould talk with him, t wlrt him I woulddo mat.

T h a i tame day. {Name deleted,told me Ihu he had acquired 33Ogramtof heroin. When £1 Haras came over 10sec me. before he got in the door, l O uIS police jumped on him. Ikey thensaidiSKyfound3Mgramtofheroutoahtm.Hcdwjmxhsv*n.... kwataat*-

In another case, involvmg murderand dissemination of false informa-tion, a British protestor. M m Caw-

Interpol and Individual'Privacyviduaii

land. « u lulled ia France ia March1973. Hit 21-ycar-old son. Jeremy,who kid beta invclmg with ku (ante,* M iajund by ike aaacaen,

Yout^ Cantaad wm intcmgatedby rrenrfc police fat t u h—rt at mthospital and for U K kourt mat* • a

sdbyi.

Ufcagku father' TWBnuihCbasttUMi

aad Cartlaad was heed.Jeremy Ibea lauarhw) kit own

iavcstigaiioa iaio ike attack on his f«-- raadluattcil Heckar«ed<)«*ia»

kMicc.actia|Qalatefpal'(itltt

He icturncdio France for hcantgtH he kjied 10 an 10 ate bottom «f t i ttamer's murder.

Although ike search for *e«Mr-dacn was fruitless, oft oae of youngCanlaad't trip*, a magistrate toldoatof kit lawyers ikM kc kid docvatcMt-uoa (tarn laaerpol ihatCanlaad was •bar.

At Canland described ii. "Theiflemooa session had tuned and ftet-au» like magistrate) reached dtamali-cally MHO kit desk drawer and readoutIke message from Inttrpot ia whtcbftlProfcuur Pamcroa wa> saidjio ktvcdescribed me as 'a liar who could hotbe inisied.' He (ike aufuiraiel evenokuacd ike laterpoi a>M iA ou< a m -cacc 10 coaTira Ike amhcaticiiy of ttm

-

Canland't Uwyert. however,reached Paofetsor Camrroa. who ia-_

taiad writing any tach'

k was eventually revealed thatJeremy's father had worked with sheFrench Resistance as pan of Britishintelligence during World Wat i i . Heharl ahobecathe first intelligence taaaan eater Gestapo headuuanen in Brut-tels. where he located • list of Fatacbana Bclg>aa hkii coHaboawrs.30

According to * special reportpublished by FREEDOM ia IMS' ,"Officials ~f»"*«^ A M Cartland'swttiimt activities auy beMhamyaeriout * • * _ "

hewa«lutoahitwnuB«fr.eir»jrt iada Tfce consequeiKca of Intcrpol's• o k a * are such lhat the privacy rightsafmany peoptecnbeviolairi) through

faruamptc.ia Aug usi Ittf.lMerpoTsUS. N C t mistakenly K M wvciatcomputer tapes compiled by U.S. law

tht to*uqtiemcti of /»-lt*rpoft actions «v» tuck Uun•ikt privacy ngku of many

• f o r m a t i o n . ':'••:'•" ' 'Human rights advocates

have pointed ml -how easilysensitive daw oMprivtue citi-unseam fall imo the wrong

mpua|cacic« to » private

Mpaay ia Otuwa calledAdvanced tofommioa Tackaologir*< AIT) Corporal ion.

Ike tapes (cpaneiMy containedienaitive infwmaiioa. 0* irabviduala.thM bad OKoe iitom ike Imroigftiioe

Spntf>«af for Uicrpol aad AITdownpUyed Ike iacident. However,kuiaa rigku advocates pointed outk k f f y•eattltvc dau a t private ckuea> caaf t t i h

Today, tkrougk tu computerItokupi wiih (he U.S. NCB. iMeipolhat acceu lo iofunuiion comaiaed athe Hid of the latcmal Revenue Serv-ice. US. Cuuonu. the Dru| EafoKc-• e n Admiaiiimioa. ike FederalByrraii nf lnvntj|aiina mt wfcrr fadant atencies.

la fact. thcK ageacic* have rep*,araiilivet workiag dutcily al l*ttrpa(hcaikiuanen in tyon. fiance, mipti ing infonaaikMbacttMdfonhtoIke Intetpot General Secrttarui. iadiiect violaiion of OS. privacy U*s. Itakould be noted agaia Ikat tnteipol it tprivaieorganiiaiina,nntago»«ra«ira-Ml body.

la addition, Menbcn of oikerNC8t and govcratcnii around * cworld are raiptoyd at Uterpolhtad-«>unen.

A> described in Chapter 4,laierpot't leaden have claimed thaiIke Interpol General Secieunai "con-suu of imemational police ofHcenwho have ^ivenuptheit »Wegi»nceto•heir individual couMfiet for BV term•aaignetf to Irucrpol."

Funhermom. Mroiigk iK SiatetiauoBfrogntra ia Ike Untied Suto'.Interpot now auy be provided withinformation directly froatlhe law ca>forcemeMriloofiadividualU.S.aalc

, Wti.

This opens the door to whotctalcabuse of individual rights and <n*>uveiavatioa of privacy, m infoanitioaheUby the Maiesori individual. c*» tiecarelessly ^iswminated » laterpoFsIJOmerrSbcrMHiniriev

1 % problem is. an iMcaumoMlone. According to * November 30.!9W.anicleinibe(jermMnewsptper.BieWek, the heart of lalerpol's « •headquarters in Lyon is a massivecomputer, one of the world's fastest,laaerpol admits the computer bat

' A> 14 OnciKbn » . 19»i. m t»U M WM

f i m oarage capacity to hold de-lailtd information on 250*00 people.

Die Well reported thai the Interpolcomputer can receive and procesa

Uubt| t f t f j yMg * e iaformatioa at oace after aroc-otmg to aay number of laterpol of-fice around the world — 3.000 met-lago a day rnaniaing iwiniaw dalailtaf private

The accumulation of hundreds ofmoutands of dotsien on private citi-jeat withoul their knowledge m con-sent leads itself to abuses.

The caae of Susanne ft. fromMunich; Germany, provides an e i -aaspte As reported by the Munichnewspaper. AV/trfwuiuf. oft lanuary>.!9l9.Sutan«e.whoseUstnamehashee« deleted from all press account*.luHcnd no leas am* shrec false ar-ttsu.

la each intunce. her identity wasconfiued wiih that of M iruemaiionaltemrisi. Suwnne Albrecht. On eachoccaskm, Susanne 8.. who bean norcsembunce to the terrorist, hat been•ppraheAdedby police with drawn aadjanded weapons, Each tiane. she wataaholiday u» Italy.

According to Abemkeiumg, in1911, three ctrabtweri .armed withmachine guns bunt into Suunne'sVicetua hotel room in the middle ofme night She' wat taken to a poftcesu«ion«wrtvtJtoul»derjo«veolriounof iaierrotaiion.. at well m aumrrout •hodysearcnes. -

h was found thai the problem hadoriginated in die German police com-puters of the Federal Cnminat Office•m Wiesbaden, the teat of the laierpotNational Central Bureau in <

him thai Ike might be Suaanae Al-brecht.

When the filed a complaint withthe Federal Criminal Office via herlawyer, ike nceiwa the calming m-ply. -All concerned *earcfcyiave»uga-•ory measuret have been canccUad.*

Her lawyer wm informed. -Thekauaa oHicialt were alao mojueatadvia lelex to cancel the aamc of yotarclicatiaaUmcirdau>yucma.-Hcwataltotold. -AtlpcnoaaldaWKprdiagyour client have been cancelled fromcw domcttic dau banktMau collac-tkmi"

. _ _ , cam JtU" manyptopteartiMjailimanyof the ISO member countriesof Interpol, havingcommiaed

Jav»crime, just because load' police received an momymomor unverified report on them.

"Interpol headquarters \Mas continued its refusal lo 'submit itself to an independ- 'era control of its data flow.There is only one remainingalternative: that the variousmembercountriescancelmtirmemberships."

Sutarme had no reason to feelcalmed, however, upon her neu viwto Italy.That came u» June IMZ.whcashe was lunouadcd by • (warm ofpolice ia civilian attire iaaa open pi-tii* ia Viccaua and anettad * gmv

her hotel room. The "repair crew" hada machine- gua and outlet-proof jack-•u.

i i*rf»«-ianrlaMy very "Pf*i by dhiaatnagof falte anetlt. Suuaac potaatdC M how catily a bullet might haveham find by i r f i l ia l during any ofto m*ee iacidcau.

AfcraWuuiMj reported that Italianantic* affinals even told Sutaanc B.,a*ar aw rntid iacidem, thai ma couldlanaea agaia, at aay time.

ftaacoit Bonnet, eduonal contiih.ant to ike Church of Sciemology'ttokique A Ubeni in Paris, stated. "Thernamplr of Sutanne B. tkowt riatdaaarn of uncontrolled penoaal danflow via Interpol While * e false ia-fnnaalinn from the Federal CrimiaalOffice could be conected in Germanydye lo ike domriiic data prwtniaalaw*, dut did not occur in Italy.

"NobodycaDtcllhowmanypeopleare ia jail ia any of ihe ISO membercouBtrict of latcipol. having mmmii-ted no crime, just because local policereceived an anonymous or uavenfiadnepan on them.

"mtrrpol hf aiKyiarrrf* KM rttmt*ft-tied iu refusal to submit itself to anindependent control of iu dau flow.These is only oae winning ihrrntlive: ami the varwus(rici caned their i

Uierpol he«duuarten in the huaiiagdowttof lerruruu.

Suwnne had gotten imo ihe policernmpinrrt hated on tome anonymous

la November 1911, while stayingia a hotel in Grotteto. t u police, dis-guising themselves as » heating Mailrepair crew, appwatiVd S u n — ia

Western European nations havetakes the leadia providing protecnoaofn*c privacy rightt of iadividuakv

One major step to kelp privatecitizens wat taken by Ihe Council ofEurope •alanuaryl'MI.when kpataadthe Convention for the Plctcclioa ofIndividuals with Regard lo AtaomnaicPaxcssiag of Penuaal Data.

This conveatioa tutet in Article6. "Personal dau revealing racial on-gia, political opinion* or itiigiout orolhar belief s. at well at pcnoanl dau

Interpol and Individual Privacy'uall

coacenung health or sexual life, mayma be processed automatically unlessdomestic law provides appropriaMsafeguards. The state dull apply h>personal t to ictauaj ta i

Attack 7 t u r n , -,cumy T U M I C I shall at itkaafarthtarotecuoa of aenoaal tea atgaed m•ta^asMteti dau files afaiasi acadnsjalof pggmtarijgj detiruxiMNt ar acci*a*aialtoiiaiwcUatagtia»''»»'' |kai

lion of Imerpol a holding itself abovethtuwsoadauproiecuoai.

Writing u lac taw journalDtmtckn Vrn«*luMfiMur, Dr. ftiefh> Mated:

T h e dubious legal position oflaicrpolauiu be considered very qucs-tioaaaie from the viewpoint of domri-lic tow is regard to <rarjerauo»oa theexchangeof informal ion bet wee* thefederal Crimicul (XCK-T wwj Inrc

"a. 10 establish ihe ciiucace of aaunnamed personal dau fife, iumaiapurposes, at weil at dtt idenwy a a ikabtual ariirtrarr or priacipalfiiaceef'k f k U f * A k

"b. to obtain at reasonablevalt aad without excessive delay orexpense coanrraaiion of whether per-sonal dau relatsng to hua are stored ia ;!the automated dau filet at wit) M

s

f inammm aii<m so him of titdtdau.ja>

"c. to obtain, as the case may be.rectification or erasure of such dau ifthese have been processed contrary tothe provisions of domestic law, livingeffect to the basic principles sel out iaArticles J and 6 of this convention.

"d. lo have a remedy if a reujueMfor confsrtnaiiaaor.as the case auybe.

r era-

felOMf at tttmtt nfHmieh Ctrmumy.wat mtucto* ftutt 4igrttk l i t

coauumkalioa. icclirKMua ofW R at referred 10 n pancnfht be of ihit article n aot coKplied wiik.

Ifuerpof. however, is not coveredder lhi» coavcMwa. Since ImerpotI pnvue (foup, individualf aue aoi

^ . Jtccicd from imnuioM by Inierpolaad the coavcnuoii's ufefiuudi do• a prevcm laerpol from coaiotiiafaaddiueouaaiing lafonutioa.

la Auftui IWI2 in WeuGermany.Dr. Rcinhatd Ricfel. • (ovenuBCMcipen o* dau protection Uwt mti l ivirhul hfhu. cnucucd ike pou-

32

4 Ike Feitimi Crimimml Offir* im

CtmnlMartmmpnmmy.

m ike' one hand. a«d •• retard 10 ikefuoctio* of ate ((Merpoli GeneralSecretarial iafaru Maccami aftacyoaateotlier.

ydut IMeipot. accordiag » i h e correctview (since il u » private group), can-not be considered at an organinikmsubject 10 iatemaiional law. Moreoveraad decisive for this position is thei i fo iesied and indisputable fact thaithe euhanfe of infomuiioa aciiviiiesby the interput headi|uanen bas acthaca auHkioaily auaterued by law m

any respect. Inierpol consumly under-takes measures Ikat iocrfcre wita Ikerithu of individuals (especially ikeextensive slot ate and Innsmiisioa ofpersonal dau) and which rajutre legalauthuduiian under domcaic law.

"The problems indicated |abovc|arc further compounded by me (art ofmy imitpemltai control ofiheJmtr-pat kta&iwuim ana* JAW ihert u *loci of ofy rfffitivt itgotpnnniitm.the ckuea wnofcat several possikili-lies of control, ia and out o< court, over•olice activities in now practicallywithout any protections as soon as dataost his person reaches the ttMcrpullGeaeral SecrctariM in P « u

"Funher. (here u fWjtuanaicc atthis point lopreveot or cltirunc whendomestic pro4cctivc legal regulations(for examphK die prorubMion to useillegally obtained iaTormation...» getsubvened after a foreign NCO hasobtained data from me Federal Crimi-aalOffice-

|In I9«7, the OS. General Account-

iag Office (C AO> issued a report oalaarrpol. which staled in part:

- I k e O S NCB generallydoesauaueaspt to verify Ihe data il receivesfrom other law enforcement agenciesOt other auuwulcd systems, hut relieloa the colhxtioa agency 10 ensureaccuracy-

la other words, interpot does notverify l ie accuracy of the data that itreceiver, and.uwaldaucan be kern tolaw enforcement agencies in any offaterpot's member countries, policeaction can be initialed ba>ed solely oaunverified or false allegations frompolice officials in another nation,

the likelihood of police actionensuing would depend solely on thejudgment of ihe police official receiv-ing ihe information. There afe no otherchecks or balances.

Who!

'I?InMrportWMUvOua

M*ousliSout>4not yat a iMHifcat al1

MMporafiaa.

p ggme fact thai a U.S. citizen would haveno recourse in Ihe event that false InUT-pul infonuiioa enisled or was actedupon, l a c report noted lhal (he VS.NCft had exempted itself front moatprovisions of (he Privacy Act a* fol-lows:

"... US . NC8 aeednot provide aaiadividual with access 10 his/her owamorut.oriheupoonuMytoamcadorcamxt his/her records;

"... Aa individual hat no civilremedy for violation by the aatacy ofany of me act** provisioas;

"... U S NCB need aoi iaformmate who supply infamution of thepurposet for which Ihe infc—niinacaabe used."

to addition, m earlier ( iAO reporton U.S. involvement in Inierpol. re-leased in IV"J6. noted that in more thanhalf ofihe sample cases reviewed, theOS NCB had lacked she lull ducu-asnMtlion it needed to disscminaieJnfonaaiiiinvalidly.bulriad goat aheadaarlrliiiimiaatLj il aayway.

The uruation observed by the GAOin ihe Hawed Smetholdt true in everyluerpol member country in the Wflrld.f^ewifaayatiempisaremadetovarifydau received through Jmerpot.

The country sending the iaforma-ooa has no knowledge of the «ac towhichayissformaiioaitfut.

No civil resaedjes exist for iadi-vidwla abused by medissemiaauoa orother use of falselmerpolucvcathaughiaiomelnicn _ .countries oaewouldbe lucky toeacaa*alive once imprisoned.

Astnterr^membercouninessuchas Ubya. inn, lot). Syria, Chile aadCuba have access loiheaaassive Imer-pol dau bank, Ihe problem is a sigaifi-cant one. These countries are known 10be involved ia terronsi action* or anti-social activity, but yet are ia receipt ofinformation from Inierpol hradntur-ters, including the Weekly Ons} laMt-l iaeaccMrtiar

This poial was clearly showa ia a- * * ~ » — by Norman Jackson, ia aM f y Ttletnpk article of Decemhrt7.1M9. Jackson, the senior technicalduector for the International Air Trans-port Attorialina. located ia Geneva,staled thai a new imeUigcace ageacywaa urgcnily needed to tackle the riacof technology-backed lerrorisu.

He said that pan of the problemregarding Imerpol't exekaage of ia-farmalioa ia the area of terrorism itlhal slates imprord of prosaoling ttr-rurism arc oalnserpolcommiuees, thusitaiiliveinformaiina can easily be uaedfor ami-social or lenoriat actioaaagaianl Ihe rest of the world.

la a Reuters wire of Deceaaber 14.1949. il was anted that the signing ofthe Sdttngea treaty1 between Ger-many. France. Belgium, she Nether-lands; aad iMifmbourg was opaoaaa

). Inn.

33

Interpol and Individual Privacy

by the Belgian repinenutivc. whoMated be would only sign ike acaiy ifall partners «|iccd ihM ktfcrpoi wouWnot kc * e central kody chargad w i * .

fa * 4

Hat uead is away ima coaawa-uon with Intqpol. with mttmmm-

m <•*•*.

Won * c Imerpal HcaduuanersAgneaMM in effect since I 9 M , Ikegroup now enjoys nearly craaplfirinununuy Aon tetpnmihility or over-sight. This immunity was lauded by•ossantwdieuineanicle:"lcoasi<kr

unities provided

affMiv* liaa.

• f vital iatponancc."l a c provisions of Ha kratlosjar-

Aadrt Bouaid. h n w lecmaiyI of lM«pol. wme u> ike Aanid i < b t ' /

• Ankle 7. wkick uatct. "Ike•iduvct of ike oigaauaMMi aao\ iay e n j . all rtnr«nfn«rln«gia« tootkdd by ji m wkgKvcr ton*. tkaU be

The key whkk fira opened duonarauBdlkcwurtd«orlwcrpot,cubtM|it lo gain muwiaiiy and ibeicby opo-atc wiik impunity, is iu l«er-0ovcm-akcnul OrganiuitoD itaut (font afcUnited Nations,

In Ndveascf WK9. erofewocOouwe Korff. an international tcgdeipett in Holland and adviser wAmoniy tmemaiional. «otd ike poc-liskcn of ibis boaklei. "Die peculiarIking i» IhM iMcipol has immunity asan Iwer-Govfnuf M»l Organuatioa,while they ait not suck ani

Criminal Potict Meview that a l«72agitenwal with ike French govern-•eat had "Made no provisions for ateinviolability of die hcadquanenv forimmunity hum legal process, or lorprotection of Ik

• Aflick I I , wkick gives inunu-•ilyaMoaly«>lMeipolasanorgMuu-lioa. but also to ju individual staffaeatbtn. wkethet ikey aic cuneailyaaploycd by ta«yol ar kavc left ake

"Ulis puts them above uVnilet ofprivacy, especially those in relation topolice. This is dangerous *sit laysopen ike possibility of misuse of their

CHAPTER SIX

InterpolUnder

Investigation• "... Interpol (wasf organized as a private organization by police offi-cers, never submitted its constitution for ratification by any government,land) has located its headquarters in France where it has been grantedimmunity from the legal process by the Government of the French Republic,thereby placing the organization above the laws of any land, not beinglegally accountable for its acts;

"... 11 Individuals andorgaHizations have been unable to rectify the fileson themthat Interpol. while having conclusively proven they were false, hassent uncontrolled across borders, secretly showing them to judges, leadingin several cases to wrong imprisonment of the civilians involved; land I

"... Interpol insists that its highest priority is stopping the flow of inter-national drug trafficking, while in recent years, Imerpol officials have beenreported as being involved in drug trafficking in several South Americancountries and possibly others."

I umeroui »nve»tigalion» into In-I icrpultuvebcca carried out overl i ke yarn.I Intetpolwakinveuigaiedin

May »975 by a O S Senate panelctuind by Senator Joseph Momoya.Ihe Kiuuor was concerned aboutInttipoTs involvement in iajcHigriHTactivities. '.• _ ..

As detcntwd fl>Oiapiet 4, Inler-p»t is forbidden % I U charter fromengaging in nuiicr^ of a poluk J .auliiaiy, rcligiuiu or racial clurat'ier,I U e iiciivii'iek.bcinginhcKnily

political, would conuiuofthechanc.

Ouringiiuesiioning by the senator.InttrpoTs then tccittxy general, leanNcpotc. assencd. "We kavc never hadany aeason whatsoever evestio suspectany emptoyee of being an imeliigcacc

Hov ajucMtnlimonybyNational C m — m v m on Law

EnforccnMM and Social iusiicc

»NCLE> befure ike U.S. Hoiue ofttepfrsentalivcs' Siihronwmcr onTreasury Appropriations levelled thaiImeipot was involved ins intelligenceactivities.

DutumeMs provided lo Ike sub-conmutiee in 1977 by NCLE nude itclear Uuilnteipol perfunru intelligencewoii. The papen showed tfut ikeCrninllnieUigcnccAgency(CIAtwaiiusing Imerpul as a Trunt" in m katlone counuy where, according to thedocument. The govenmtew wouldbe embamsscu. M O uw iomga teU-

3 )

Interpol Under Investigation

lions with that govcnuacal coasc-oueaUy disrapled, if ii were officiallyacknowledged aWa cooperated wtakme CIA."

Another eiaaipkof ihe iattnwm

publicly ctpoted a M y i « U . ZkwEauo of ate People't lUauhlir «fChiaa. a aatamtr of mteraoJ't Exacu-livc Cnmaniirir. wm a^tiatd entry •»ihc United Sum haasd m evidtaet• a i Eauo had served at me case ollircer for Lany Wu TaiChi*.*formatr i f l trtailawnhn

"Reoucsit nude lo the U.S. Bu-reau generally did not involve estab-lished international criaiaib or Urgecrime syndicates," their report slated.

Funher. alatosi half of the samplecats reviewed by ihe GAO ihowcdate* laterpoi jc<|uesied information oaMviduafebatedonmada|uaieducii-meauiioa of alleged offenses, this iaM A led to ihe creation of files a tprivate aiueas M 4 M agencies coa-

Ihu it ihe oaiy we nude of ihc mla•

The GAO MvettigNed lalerpol•twain !9t(7.and(ouiidih«t««e-U.S.NCB generally does not aueajoi toverify Ihe dau ii icceivo fraa otherlaw enforcciiteal ageaciei or otheraumamrd lyueaM. but icbai on the

agency to ewwicaccwicy."

la 1976. a IXS GeneraaujOITice(GAO)Mveiii(aiaaaofUj.iavorvcmem'ia mterpot watdoac «ate asouesi of Congressman John &Moat and Scaatoc Moatoya.

After a randan uaipliiu. of caaethandled by Ihe U.S. NCe.GAO*aves-

1 1 K GAO#tpon abo pouted owlIhe dthgen of a counuy'i 4au beingnaued into * e tandi of foreign tMd-lineace agimiii "In n a c countries."* c tcporl auieA ftm aUiaace of for-eign aolipe tyueaM with Ihe inltUi-frar* knmeket ccnaialy does awlawirlnda- < • ahafint of anch iafnnaa

involved iadividvala wife no frior

Ouring vitiu *» fuciga, NCB»,GAO ihvenigawn vcie awwrcdthntatomatton ppvided by ihe UnitedStale* M nafintrni couMnet « » «e>mnae4 an police fhanarli I * (heiricpoft. Ihnwf vrr» #xey ^ottolud^d,."IkeK <a a» practical way to <aw>e

Calls for taveuigMioru into latcr-polhaveimrra«rtf.a> evidence of tuplate root officials' wvolvcnteat ia drugtra/ficting aad other tUegalilici hatcoBtiaued «o svrface.

In I94t9 alone. iavckUgauow ofthis private potica group or as topofliciato were dramdrd inamnroiaCQiMne*.aadbya«iaicmaltaaalhody.tJatCoaacil of Europe*.

»n*Co~Ki>otbm+t.t2im*m*l*o4,«lemtfum cowiria. w« rmaliihnit w tmm« « • itky md c—fmtMnlm mam *» <*•i t tC i M k f

Maw. « M tM H« a*n in •iir^ naiini iri *—f to*Makie>a»•• * * • * « < « «

"iatmtOa July 4. 1989. 13 members of

me Council of Europe issued a motioacalling for aa tmaiivc mvctligauoaaJhuerpol.

lae atotioa tuted, in part:lauupol "operates intemalionally

wah no governmental oversight fromajty of ill member organizations";

•"uterpui provides dossiers, oa•cuuea. via coNtoulec imertiak. topotkeorgaruzjuioatinniembercoun-triettround the world, aatongti whichaie lr*» tad Ubya who have |btea|thowa to be mvolved ta iair ratiioailterrorism.

•"... bucrpol (wa*| Ofgtniied as •private oiganiuiioa by police offi-cers, never submitted itf constitutionfor ratification by any government,(and) hat located i u headuuanen iaFrance where m has teen grantediauMinilyfromihetegatpniceubytheGovernment of (he french Republic,•creby placing the organUtiionaboveate lawtof any land, aotoeiaglegallytccouauble for i u acu;

Atitirilim t4tm*ncfrml*mntUwu Ktm,

mHukutmtkimt. l»frtyt<m.Cotam*»>rteu+mll*coVviiu.ctmtT.lutdka

"c. Effective ways to control Ihe from his alleged activiiiei in proteci-iMemaiionalCrirnuul Police Organi- ing and taking moaey from drug traf-tation. lmerpol. in a democratic fash- ficken.ion should be considered... tothalla-

• . .irtndiviaualtaadwianiuiioinhave been unable to <cciifyihc(ile>oaIheat ihai Imcrpol, while having coa-ckuively proven they were fall*, hatseat uncoNrolloi across borders. <e-canly thowing themtoiudge*, teadiagia several iaan tot wrong imprison-•eat of the civilians iavolvol: f until

• "... iMcrpol iuiku thai tu higliesipriority it uopputgtlie flow of tntcma-

' Wntidruguafficking. while ia«ece»tyears, Uterpol officialt have beea•epurted as being involved <• drug•MlHiking in ievcrat Sown America*countries u d possibly others."

themotion calls fodhefoUowing;"». Ihe kuiiu of Imerpot with Ihe

Council of Europe Utou Id be reviewed;"t>. An inventory of trui>trct*ion*

foouninrdby taterpol Owuldhedrawa

itoacu;"d. Slria measures should be

elaborated and asewnauaded to en-sure that... * refusal by tatcrpol toreveal aad fccufy files onrequeu by anindividual or organiuiioa it tcruu-ma4 by aa mdependeai. deauxnti-cally chotea coauaiuec that comrcail l **

9tMtmmmm9mmt

mmttmmMeiica* Attorney Geaerat £ari-

queAlvarOdelCuiilloanaowncedonJuly 6.19W. IBM Ihe foraWbeadoTIntcrpot ta Meiico. Miguel Aidant;Iharra. was being tavesiigawd oaclwrget of corrupuoa aad drug anf-Ticking.

The chargcv sleauned ftoaiAtdwa'tcumpliciiy iathe murderof tproauacM jounwliu ia IVM.aad alto

Oa October 26.19119. Ihe Honor-able Lewi* Kent. Auuraliaa Memberof Parliament, demanded answers ofate country* attorney general regafd-ing Aiaunlia'iiavoTvemeat wuh later-

Among the pointk of his formaltatcnoguury were the following:

"Which Australian police taut ischarged with the mponsioiliiy ucooperate and/or to maintain caatactwith laterpoi?

"Mow many persons serve ia ate

"What it me coal of IIhc unit?

"What is Australia's!cial coatribwioa to Interpol?

"... how auny fonarr war crimi-aalt were tracked dowa after WorldWai II by buetpol. or with tigaiTtcaalattituaceby bucrpol; if so, it ha abk

Interpol Under Investigation

lo provide their names?"Have ike lajopol duncf and itsi h i f if

cation by Australia?Austral

and into reports dial be fiustraicd at-tempts 10 capture I wo of ike McdcllKcartel' drug lords ia Colombia.

Lyon. just a few weeks phor u hisi

gsupport «o«cs la bring IMCIBOI underate coturol of. Md sake it i

As covered earlier ia this hand-book, the former Iruerpol chief of

U N . or a t

Mr Kem also sought ifrom ate attorney general is rcgaat atike iavolvcaiem of Uterpolafracialtmdrug trafficking and Intcrpol's viol*lias of Article ) of iu contiuuuon —»

>U-. breaking iu own rule* m l inter-venmg ia auaen of a political, auh-tary. arliajiiai or racial chanoar.

pO ' unoh*m*M in drug''wifickiMg on* other iUegoti-

l Mes has comimmd to surface.

Oaiuuuiy 31. IvyO.nmembiaofIhe Chamber of Rcptnciuajivcf ofPuerto Rico. David Noriega (no rela-tioa to die fonnei Pwwnunuia dkla-loiK decried the drug uafficluag K-

' tivJtiet of lopj Imerpul uiiicub, m&called for an invcttitwiu* "•"> P*""far*regionat office of iMerpolonUic

On February 20.19», Taoritine repotted ikat Cneral loU Guilt'ermo Medina Saacbu. ColoMbia'aImerpol chief and headofibecounuy'iNauoiulhilice.ludbeenruidkyPMsi-dc« Virgdio Barco Vatjai aficr dac(caeral caate unort uupicionot bcui(o» ibe payroll of McdeUtadrug kia«-pm Pablo Ewobar G»vina

la March 19(9, Colombia's Su-preme Conn ordered • formal probeiau Medata't rok ia J

aad None«a"i «lote beach-awa.NivakfeMadrikia.watnUccdiajaU »y W.S. foicei ia laouaiy1990 alFor! Clayioa m Paaaraa, ami aMtrdercaa/tes were filed agaioil him.

Madrinaa had acceti» coafiden-lial drug iraffickiag iaformaiion froailalcrpol brartmmnetv and was ia t l-lendaax ai «ke Nuvembcf/Dcccnbcr>9«9 Interpol General Ancmbly ia

» m m l a a i n

A reiiotuiioa Rep. Noricg* inlro-duccd inlo ine Chamtef of Represen-tatives noted ibai "Recent report re-veal thai ihe director of liuerpol ofPanama w u involved in tne drug Inf-fickio» activiiics of Ccnenl ManydAaio»io Noriega in Panama."

A (borough probe was needed, hestaled, "considering especially thetamunuics that Inlcrpol demands ...and the abuses thai can be perpetratedwider such unmuaiiics.'*

As of early 1990, there were alsocalls for iavcstigations of Imerpol orlop interpot officials in Sweden. WestGermany. France. Switzerland, * eNrthrrliartt aad latOaind Stales. A

CHAPTER SEVEN

Is InterpolReally

Necessary?• *",., lo many velera* taw officers who have dealt with Interpol. it is aslow-moving, archaic bureaucracy which seldom performs useful work."

BntcipoTs slated aim is "To en-sure »nd promote the widestjposubte IDIMIMI i t i i t imff toe*iwcen all criminal police au-

ihuniies within the limits of ike lawse listing in Ihe; different countries andin the spirit of the Universal Declara-tion of Human Rights."

Raihcf than accomplishing thisaim, lop tnierpot officials have beenfouciirigaclimaie conducive jocrirne.IwningablindeytltHrieworld'Jmottserious, offenses, and iJtotoking ikeirpout km* unorder loproieict or forwardcnnunalaciiviitef. - ,

' Toe question arises to to whetherImcipotMseK wiihtis many liabir«ies,is necessary. Are there other system*that could provide ihe same services asInlcrpol, bul without Ihe risks aadviotuions of civil rights?

faMcilllaiH

nations already use other means of

functions.in Ihe United Stales, for eumple,

whercuxptyenpaymillions annually10 finance ibe Washington Inietpoloffice, channels ci iu for sending lawenforccmenKoiTMnuniraiiorno'

Whai is ayjtl significaM aboutlateipol's activities is thai

via the federal Bureau of lavesiiga-lion. ihe Orug Enfofcemcm Admiai-uration. the Customs Service aado*erlaw cnforcemeM agencies.

Ueurope.anypeMlpraiecuiionsand cxinduions between two nationsare normaHy c,6»ere^ W&t bilateralagtwmenu.1^ vaSSoss ££C coun-mes have- also patted • special coa-vcation in this regard.

Since artests i * Iruerpol amabcrnations are Made by national agencieswidtia Ihose countries—not by later-pol — no proper law enforcementfunctions would be kw if tmerpoldsdnoteiiu.

The U.S. Stale Depanmeni.through U.S. cmbauy officers, few a

system for reponing on the sutus ofAmericans arresied abroad. Tile UnitedStates also has a "Legal" (short forlegal attache t system as pan of IheFBI. FBI Legals are attached lo Ameri-can embassies around the world. Theirfunctions include liaison with foreignpolice and many of the other activitiesof an Imerpol NCB

A December 27. 1976. GeneralAccounting Office (CAO) report pro-vided evidence which demorutralcs•sat laterpoTs functions are superflu-ous aad thai Imerpol iucif is ineffec-tive.

After a careful study of Interpol.* e GAO noted thai "foreign policeand National Central Bureaus makeextensive use ofaoa-lmerpolthiaarliia dealing with U.S. matters. Our over-•cas discussions indicated that foreignpolice prefer Ihe cony* aural ma thanads of overseas US agencies la sat-isfy criminal information needs.

The Drug Enf orccatiatrauoa. FBI. Custoau. and. to a huaar

Is Inierpol Really Necessary?

eitcat, such agencies M ike SeemService Md Immignuoa aad Naw-mlumkmSwikt,lmt nlarwiaiaaiarettawofmeworia.

The tendency of faatiaa pohceaad ctaml bureaus it to ay M atom

bacause ary arf tmtidntd jmm.mtnftMitUtkn%lmrp»li»mmn(tkt ijawr €f rater ihry aaadV. amfaorr tgrcmt or Utl u m u w » M

iafnnailioarrgsriiiat'rTirnrisirniirlrdmctiy la overacts of&cc* of U4.

uvrsiiaaawy

MTM(IA leaaoa why lajerpot it not util-

tatd to a greater Client by member• M U M VM outlined to FREEDOMMigitintby »i«nBtrU.S. MarshalsService official who wqurtanl n >ayaiity. the fact it, he said, govern-

'**maty 4» « M « • »

The 49?6GAOrep<j(1 showed ih*

Local police fonxthivc ihckotuf.I of liiitim «>•> taafft polio.

l h F i rp |Section ia ae l o t j

Police DepwimcM <LAH» whichipecifically dcak w«h tncluH * » ••ad tppirhrnrtim CTMUMI* at «•>•pwu in (otcifo

Th

kt—fotUfUt m ctimou com-0 trim. mnun$ m

ttritm oBemut. and exploit-

or ihe LAf&'i ow» (tactcaaucu wiih foici|* polkt. A4£Oid-ia | 10 an officer m this wciio*. ahtLAPO only wed Uuerpol two ot4iiMl i a n betweca I9S5 «H> I9tt9.

TheUS.itauxDepwUtcniauM-Uiw offices in caUM ciuet whichhelp Mulkt police dtpuutenucooi-dinMC with (ORI|« police force* totrack dowa m

protect or fonmd criminal

o>nte c««tle»» m ir«riintb i h

:ipo| officet

•boul citacat ahroad wMhoui fmidfimni»i«t tf wcoid check* and i»-vcui i M

The Justice Department altoauia>Uiat a Law Enforcement Coordinat-ing Committee (LECCt Ueach of the

, t i^ pmAif^ dntnttt fafh rtwmiMsffi of representatives from the' weal, uale aad federal law

eafotcemeni agencies in • district: atwill if necessary help mne agenciesliaise with foreign law cniorccmeaiagencies to appreaead cnauaatt andpan-are esirndaioa pspert.

Adduioaally. at me IV76 CAOncpon aosnd. the vast aujoruy of for-

i a> Bkc liaised States for

40

•lowandcumcenome. AncumpleirfIhii occurred foUowiag ihe anal iaMompelier, Praace, of a criauaalwanted by police ia Ihe Wetl Genuaoly of Munich.

The Muaich police ludtieca loot-ia | fot the ana for momha and had•eat a tele« to this effect to lateipuihcackfuanen ia Parii in Auguu I9WI.flench police wbteqvcMly WRUedthe .aa*, but Imcrpot bead^uanendida't contider it aeceuary to iafona* e Munich police of that fact

la December I9t>. ihe Gernuapolice cumputcr uilf lined the enmi-aal at bein» waaicd. Tfce Munich po-lice laterdikcovcicdIhe anal fraaa*catiiciy differcal aourcc of iafonaa-Ma.' Coamentint on chit ctae. Her-

axan f-gv, diurici chainaa* of theGerman tcdeiatioa of Criauaal Po-lice, ilami. "Unforliiaafely. thin in notale only caie. Sometime* Ki|uekU lakeyean and (onaer. Utcrpot it tauilbo*

AjoumaluifoiwGeimaanewspi-per wrote .nOecembeilS»Wt.-Ji»l"i>olia Pant, which «tuppotcd lo coordi-•MK the police work of mound 100)countriet. tiill woriu with ihe uylc ofatugecoach... at pensive and Uow M100 yean »»o. We get the bill i« Ihefarm of higher rater of cnmiailily,'

•ce cited by the CAO.latcipol't OS. NCB ttm ieasitivciafomauoa to » foreigii NC* coa-ccmuttaUS.citue»evcnthou(kihcState Ocpanatcat had uibmiiiedafor-aur dipjoaiaiif able to die countryfoaiplniaiag low the iadivtduat had

AnothericawMlaierpolunoiuscdubeciuuc. wheaii come* lo ihe job ofapprehcadiaf cnmiailv. latcrpot u

The perception of iMerpol at *(low IMI bungling oiiMiizauun i* HOInew. laao «nicle emiiled "Does Inter-aot Thretten Your PrivicyT', ia theNovember SI. 1975. issue of Parwk,Ruben Walters wrote; "In novel* ofintenuiicii*) intrigue. Inierpol is *»infallible, high-powered, worldwidepolice department whoce agenu niaiathe globe in scaicb«f MaMcf criau-aal*.

"But to many vetenm law ofrieertwho hive dealt with Inierpol, it is a

llow-moving. archaic bureaucracywhich seldom performs useful work.*

The September 22.1974. u u c ofme London Sunday Times ualedihailaierpol "is considered an irrelevanceby mmy police forces in the world."

Inefficient, ttow-aKwrng. archaic— if those words describe the realwterpol. then what u this group, wiafcm MtiiaiMina dnlltr budaa aad iu

worldwide network of amptoyati.actually doing?

As documented by iaf oraulion iaIbis fw**>~*; top laterpol officiakthroughout the world have turn Imtaa*to drug b-affickiag. complicity iamurder. pRMcciion of aujor drug car-ieU.brUiery.pc4uicalcon«ptwa.aa«awacy laundering.

Iwaipnl'i I I mhi a tm m i n it

uifpoud 10 handle are all but aoaei-itteat; the few arresu that do resultfrom its work aic ataialy of MsahVlianta-ugutcrs.

Meanwhile, drug cartels aad ma-jor drag anflickers cantiaue to •

41

What Should Be Done About Interpol ? 1Ike effectiveness to handle this SMu-

') auua in Ike Europe of 1992.* Willy Hclin. spokcsataa for ike, Furopeaa Cnamiinilies' Executiveif OoflMUUlOA W i t fMHHfld M ikC SaMM

| article at follows: "We have tocaswcI Ifcat things lifcednigtcaabt cnnhnllii,I As we progrcu along ate pamtawaa*I political integration, we wiH «vaMu-I ally need a police force Mat caaja-1 tpoadt to thai son of iHawmina. *I Internal, the aruck pointed ow.I fj^M HMdaMIMHB 10 MMCt ilk

^Chaptcr6, it was described bow_ l^eCo—riiofEuropcpro-

tputed i tmnlmma lo thoroughly iavct-|ufue Intapol m iuiMd (ma tat mtki

The Couacil of Eurapc. • c a k mled.

'*. The tuiiu of liucipal wiikikeKilofE«niptikoulilbCfeirie>icd|.

~b Aa iavcaury of iraasfrcuiomk l k d

"c. EHcciive wiyt 10 conral the|iMemaiional Chnuaal Police OCMU-|uiion. Imcfpol. in a deaocraiic <Hk-lion should be coasidend ... so IkM|lMcipol kemher will he HfoiMMthlf

r iu acu....~la Aioiutli*. Member of Fwlia-i Lew/it Keni pmaned m inter

to ike ttumey gematt of{Aiuinlia recantiiu} lateipol. iu legal

Hautt. <«i"^-""-tf~ of infonMUo*,t involvement with drug Maffick*

_1 States Congressman DOB; teuuesicd that the General

- ™ i n g Office investigate iater-4 IB I9«7.andhasbccaiaieresiedin~ privacy violations caused by

J's rlnirmiaanon ot

Left: A •mm* elective Hwafttm •Uttmlii* to Imurpol aw been feepased by WenCermmCkmceUc Helm*Komi *.«*<r Im 19*7, VS. Com,reuma» Don btmurdtnmnrumMtmrnmel/S tnwnmtmftCtmtralAcfmu'iaiOffutuweutfuImermol

Dkcaawmey general for Mexico, • AftMcltMMC*Interpot is a private group that it a

public mftinT. out of control.It it not a guvemmeaul agency,

audit isnot subject to any government.It operate* in violation of iu own

ckaner and many of iu lop official*have broken the law.

Asnoiedby members of ihcCoun-cil of Europe, thorough investigationof tit transgressions is warranted.

laterpol has thowa by iu actionsthat it should not have the authorityaad immunity it cunenily enjoys.

if you agree thai Ikt Inler-Gov-ermmenlal Organization (IGO) statusfiveittolnierpol by ike United Nationsshould if revoked, your ooimonandvoice Im ikis regard skould be madeknowm to the United Nations' Bco-momic and Social Council, The ad-dress is in the Appendices Write andlet your views be kmiwn.

Ifyoucartaboutimdividuatriithls,privaty and freedom, support meat-.ures lo have your nation's member-ship in liuerpol withdrawn, andImterpufs charier camelled. A

actively wvcsii(»iw( foOMer iMerpolckief Miguel Aldaaa Ibarra aad hi.dr«(inflickiagaaiviuet while kead-tag IMerpol. As •*!« of this iavesiiga-lioo, wfonaaiioa it being diifloirdregarding latfraol krirlqiianew* dii-waiiaalioa of iafonaaiioa to theMtiican NCB while the put twoMe uc*s(i»erpoi chieft,IACfecipieau«f coafidemial drug oat*, have beatdrag«ra/ricUn.

The forawr IMerpol chief ia Pan-aau.NivaktoMadrinan.ww placed uajail by OS. anted forces m January1990, and «unlef charges wcM filedagtiasi him laterpol's aclioas irt tup*pon of Noriega «*dM«dnaaaaadiheucorrupt activities helped M tear thaicouatryapan. *' '

I* light of such actions, tuefpo! isunder scrutiay throughout the world,which is ike first uep — awaicnnathai soaeihing is wrong and needs tochange. Based oa these investigations,

, will be audc and

Appendices