chapter ix: emerging europe and the byzantine empire

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Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

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Page 1: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

Chapter IX:

Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

Page 2: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xff4Z5xMMro

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PrQgiWU-OAI

Page 3: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

European Transition• Germanic peoples began moving into Roman territory by 200AD• The Franks was the only long lasting Germanic kingdom.• Clovis (who converted to Christianity around 500 AD) created the

Frankish kingdom• Germans and Romans intermarried and created a new society• Ordeal= physical trial used by Germanic peoples to determine guilt

or innocence• Wergild: amount of money paid by a criminal to the family of the

person he had killed or injured• The Germanic tribes used trial by ordeal. This meant a physical trial

such a holding a red hot piece of iron. If unharmed=innocent

Page 4: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire
Page 5: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

Charlemagne

• Established the missi dominici (two mwn who were sent out to local districts to ensure that the counts were carrying out the king’s orders

• Magyars= people of western Asia who settled on the plains of Hungary

Page 6: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire
Page 7: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

Vikings

• Vikings were made part of European civilization by the Frankish policy of settling them and converting them to Christianity

• The Vikings loved adventure, spoils of war and trade…As a result, they attacked many areas of Europe…They were excellent shipbuilders, warriors and sailors

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8qSkaAwKMD4

Page 8: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire
Page 9: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

Middle Ages: Daily Life

• Chivalry= a code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold/ oath to defend the Catholic Church, defenseless people, treat captives as honored guests/ implied that knights should only fight for glory and not for material rewards

• Knights showed their fighting skills in contests called: tournaments• The clergy, the nobility and the peasants and townspeople made up the

three estates• Count= a German noble who acted as the king’s representative in a

certain local area• Aristocratic women in feudal Europe:• Legally hold property• Most women were under the control of their fathers until they were

married• Many opportunities to play important roles• Overseeing money matters and food supply (controller of servants)

Page 10: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

Feudalism• Vassalage=the heart of feudalism• Feudal contract= a set of unwritten rules that determined

the relationship between a lord and a vassal: The major obligation of a vassal to his lord was to perform military service. usually about 40 days a year. Also, when summoned, a vassal had to appear at his lord’s court to give the lord advice. Vassals were also responsible for making financial payments to the lord as well

• When a lord was away at court or war, management of his estate fell to the lady of the castle

• Fief= the grant of land made to a vassal• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pygLvyDdewU

Page 11: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire
Page 12: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3EgWb_89Uow

Page 13: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

Christianity in Medieval Europe• Christianity had become the supreme religion of the Roman Empire

by 500• The church developed a system of organization• Saint Benedict:• Founded a community of monks that established the basic form of

monasticism in the Catholic Church• Monk= a man who separates himself from ordinary society in order

to pursue a life of dedication to God.• Missionaries= people sent out to carry a religious message• Monks copied the scriptures and Latin in rooms called: scriptoria• The separation between the Eastern Orthodox Church and the

catholic Church of the West was called: The Great Schism• 2: Gregory I strengthened the power of the papacy

Page 14: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

The Magna Carta• 1215, Runnymede, England• Resenting the monarchy’s expanding power;

many nobles rebelled against King John.• “Great Charter”• Recognized the longstanding feudal idea of

mutual rights and obligations between the lord and vassal.

• Eventually was used to strengthen the idea that a monarch’s power was limited, not absolute

• Under Edward I, the English Parliament emerged

Page 15: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire
Page 16: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

The Byzantine Empire

• 400’s, as Germanic tribes moved into the western part of the Roman empire, the Eastern Roman empire continued to exist

• Justinian became emperor of the ERE in 527…codification of Roman law

• Over time, the ERE shrank because it became too big to control, so it became the Byzantine Empire (patriarch/ Eastern Orthodox instead of pope/ Roman Catholic)

• Great Schism (still hasn’t healed)

Page 17: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire
Page 18: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

The Crusades

• 1000’s to 1200’s, European Christians went on a series of military campaigns to regain the Holy Land from the Seljuk Turks (Muslims…called infidels by the Crusaders)

• The push for the crusades came when Alexius I asked for aid/ Pope Urban II agrees to help

• The European Christians called the Muslims of the Holy Land: infidels

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pygLvyDdewU

Page 19: Chapter IX: Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire