chapter on letter i 00 np

8/12/2019 Chapter on Letter i 00 Np

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Class \ ^1\Book ^'ll.GopightN

COPyRIGHT DEPOSIT


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21 7

CHAPTER ON LETTERINGWith Samples of

Figures, Headings, Initials,Scrolls and Titles.

THE DRAFTSMANPrice, 25 cents. Cleveland, Ohio


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CONTENTSSample Style of Lettering .Practice SheetCommon Errors on Mechanical DrawingsBlock Type....Fancy LettersInitial LettersMonograms .Headings and Show CardsScrolls and Tail PiecesTitles on Drawings .BordersTitle Plate .

UBRARY of OOPsGSESSTwo Copies rtcceivedAPR 24 1905

Gopyrig/ii tnxry

OliiSS a-^ XXc. Nocopy 8.

.^'

2456

121517i821,.222425

REMARKSThe sketches for the following pages were made by Mr. E. H. Browning.

Mr. W. K. King, Mr. C. C. Riester, Mr. F. H. Sibley, Mr. J. S. Myers, Mr.W. A. Thompson and the draftsman as noted on the sketches or connected withthe magazine credited.

Copyrighted byW. D. BROWNINGCleveland, O.

1905

PUBLISHED BYTHE BROWNING PRESSCLEVELAND, O.


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A CHAPTER ON LETTERINGT is not so much theidea of instruction asto the forming ofletters and figures asin more extensivetext-books, as it is

to give a collection of alphabets,headings, titles and borders thatwill aid the student in the arrange-ment of such things on drawings.The student will do well to make

a collection of engravings, fulldesigns, letterings, comics, figures,initials, tail pieces, etc., from cata-logues, magazines, papers, books,

Fig. I

etc., and to put them in a scrapbook for future use.Any of the many styles of pens

used for writing may be used forfree-hand lettering, but the tee-square and ruling pen andcompass will be needed formany of the other styles. The pen which is best adapted fora certain piece of work can be deter-mined onh^ by trial. Some drafts-men and artists prefer a Gillott,some a Spencerian, some a ball-

pointed, some a stub, and thecoarseness of the point and thepressure determines the line.A new pen should be claaned ofthe oil coating by dipping in theink and wiping several times, or bymoistening with the tongue. Thepen should be wiped clean everytime it is laid away, and should notbe used in common writing inks,for they will corrode it badly.Keep the bottle off the drawing,

and take the pen to the ink, andcarry it carefully to avoid a blot.Assume an easy position as in

writing, and avoid gripping the pento cramp the fingers.Never use a blotter on the letter-

ing as one does in writing, butallow the ink time to dr3^ thusavoiding brown and thin lines.When the flow has been too rapid,and the ink is piled high, tear off apiece of the blotter and bring thetip down to the top of the globuleof ink to absorb some of it withoutspreading it over the paper, as isthe case if the blotter is laid flatupon the ink.The student, and in fact the

Compressed leffecing /s use^f05Cf^e space on a ^framn^:^

Fig. 3

draftsman, should lay out guidelines for the height and slant of theletters.


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The Slant of Letters.It has been suggested by Mr.

Reinhardt that a slope of i to 21( Fig. I ) is sufficient for the stemsor down strokes of the letters, andordinarily an angle of 45 with thehorizontal will sufflce for the uptrc>kes and the axis of ellipses,excepting that of the letter O. Thelatter angle will have to be increasedof course when the lettering is com-pressed as shown in Fig. 3.

Ex te,n o/e^d Le tte^^'^^0/5 used for Emphas/s

Fig. 4An angle of 60 with the hori-

zontal (Fig. 2) will make the letterlay over considerable more than inFig. I , but still makes a good-look-ing letter. It is very importantthat all letters in the same word'andsentence have the same inclination. N

The Form of Letters.Almost every curve of the letters

and figures of the vertical andinclined types may be considered asembodied in the letter o or O, sothat it would be well for the studentto practice on it until he can makeit neatly, as indicated in Fig. 5.

Style of Letters.of lettering isn easy style

shown in Fig. 5, and the heightmay be made as shown in Fig. 6.Divide the body into three and thetotal height into five parts, exceptthe t, which should be only fourparts. Ki. 5


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Style of Letters.

Printers class the letters such asa, b, c, 1, o, &c.,as ' ' lower case ' ' letters, and * * C,D, X, Y &c. as caps,or upper case letters. So that a'

' font ' ' of t3'pe is a quantity madeup of ' ' upper and lower case 'letters.

Fig. b

The practice sheet (Fig. 7) isarranged to go on a sheet 14x19,with border 13 X17 , allowing 11margin at the left and 1, at the top,bottom and right, leaving room fora title in the lower right hand cor-ner. If some of the lettering iscramped, and the lines do not fillout, simply repeat some of thewords or figures.

Following the practice sheet is aplate giving a few ' ' Common Errorsin Mechanical Drawing, whichwill no doubt give suggestions thatwill be of value to the student.

The Block Type.On page 8 is another sheet thatmay be used as a practice sheet,

though on much smaller paper, andthe block type (p. 6) could bearranged for a class sheet too. (Seethat the letter J is made right.)

This type is arranged on thebasis of five squares high and inmost cases four squares wide, ex-cept I, W and M.By using the compass with cen-

ters at the center of the secondsquare from side or top, the roundedt^'pe is produced (Fig. 9).The type shown at the left onpage 7 is built up on the body ofthat on page 6, but appears to showa side and bottom of the letter,this being accomplished by aid ofthe 45 triangle, going down or upas desired to 1 of the next square.This offset may be blacker, shadedor open, as shown.

Suggestions.Following these are styles of let-

ters and figures that can be used invarious wa^^s, such as headings,titles, etc.

In all cases of lettering it is betterfor the student if he will sketch inthe letters with pencil, and note ifthe whole lay-out is symmetricalwith a center line.

It so often happens that inscrip-tions, headings and titles are placedan3^ old way, with no respect toa center line.

This will again be taken upunder the heading of Titles, inanother part of this booklet.


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Practice Plate.

PRACTICE PLATE. (Kg


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Common Errors in Mechanical Draiving.CoMiMOisj Errors iw Mechrnicrl Drbnaîng.

SuPERTLUOOS DiMENSlOrMSPooRi_v DISPOSED, Impor-tant ONE OMITTED,No DISTINCTION IN V>Jl&HTOF i-INCS.

Hrfl^BOREPROPCRi.r Dimensioned.Clerr Djstinctiofm.5\oE View Omitted.

R B R o LlMC.R Good LllsiC.

W eRKENEOR BRO Dot

bt Erasure.TED Lime

Hn nvERR&E OMEWhich Line DoesThe rrrow merim?Either Wry O. K.

Lettering Like: jhis jhkes uf=> too much y:RT C/^L sF'ncc. -rS^ Q.ye/'c^/^ôot z^r^ y^^/^ ^^ y(^J/e^L5

6^êd more: /n ^/racturcf/ /ân /7?^cA/ne: worAOo/^'-r Sj^'^B- //s/J-K, A7/7>t'^ /r so it WIUL. phi/sit S/VEi-L..Z)ortt %/yZ/x Styles o^ PfUfîiirto. Forg-ot He St-^rteo VeHTxcBv..

Two Ways of Sryjng The Srme Thing-.DrillrndT^p for ^ G-fls Pipe, better sry, J PipeTrp.^ Cored Holes. BetterSry, ^ Core. 6 Dih. Bored. Srt, ^'Bore.6ne Rcht Hrno, Mrrk B20.'Left . , B2I.Right HrndOnc s Shown.

Better Sry j I RS Shown. B20.\\ Opp Hrnd. BZ I.

Waste opTimc. Suopp-^ Fair.WORKMRN. If picture brrwincs^rcreuirô Hire rn Rrtist.

^^RKE Titueo Cor^PuCTC But Vert Cor>iciSC.DoM*T Drrv^ Boi-To Unless Thev Rre Spcciml..Life's Too Short To Show Nuts in Purn.C.l. = CrST iROtM. W.I. =WrOO&MT \ RON.Mru.I. Mrllerble Ironi. S.C.= SteeuCrstimcs.. C.R.S.= Coi.o Roi.i_ED Steel..Med. St. =Medium Stceu. St. = Mii.oSteei.. TS.= Toou Steei-. L.G.T.S.= LowGrrdc Toou Steel. M.5.= Mhchim erySteel. Bai. = Bromze.

______ ^


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Block Letters.

1S

V.

^ =N 1 ^2nd i^ 2z ^. -q t '-^^ ^S^^_3^ J i. . ISi-::2 . ss _:::^ / I M N L^l I NKffl snnz SI^ 7^g SIE 2 sS EH S zFig. 9. PlyAIN BI,OCK I^ETTERS AND FIGURKS. (J is wrong.)n n

3iass:= =:::> > a^S N i^

Fig. 10. Pl.AIN KI.OCK I.FTTKRvS ROl'NDKD.


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&i

M9

flig>a mSamples of Lettering.

a

J^^ ^fe ^ feMB

^

11l^


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Practice Plate.

GHIJKLMNOPORSTUVWXYZd.,-:;3a bK^d eirgiiijklnnnopqrstuvwxyz.ABCDETrCH/JKLMNOPOHSTUVWXrZ/^3^36 73.5obccfefgh/jk/mnopqrs tuvv\/xj/z,AB CDE FGHIJAZJ^A^XYZ


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Egyptian Letters.


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Skeleton Letters. II

1(5: W/r^ L0

C0C7

e

IP(J


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12 Shaded and Fayicy

.


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Heazy Body 13O

J:r

ID

ruJU^DEZZ^


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14 Scroll Type.


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INITIAL LETTERS.

THESE are usually placed at thebeginning of a chapter. Some-times each main section of a chap-ter is honored with an initial letter.The same style is generall}^ re-

tained throughout the book as wellas on the cover, a type being selectedand used for the complete work.

WtiA BllkCkyJEettcr^ It9$ mo.

INLAND TYPE

o] M >B

^

S

4 rtUA hmthatH onlyhowcam

w ff we cil I histnea.where aold and1 ...

N

Ome possible aiul impossiblerule effects for Initieds with theINLAKD TYPE TOUNDERS CO. PBlanchard Scries Cs^pa & Orna-tneriLts. E>ein.9 done by ên&ink as s. ,stud.y for effect-ive Initial display.Besides demonstrating the useof Blanchard Faê for Initial, tKeillustrations .Serve to ^rove tKatiKe Ub-to-D&te comlosiior canprofitably vitilize tVufe methodfor the Atudy of rule effects.

O real artistic ability IS requir-ed, only tKe ability to use a J>en.or pencil &t 6trai^-edê.If yovi ca-ntvot di-aw the Luitialfind the leitex* you desire , inKit, 9ei an imjre6Sion on e^-sheetof white cabrd-bocvrd , then. |>roceed to draw your rule Jjoutthe letter , vtsing ca^re to im-iia.le the Point required, re-membering that the vsize o tKeface of-the rule naEês orinarsJheMiistic effect desired.^H BE,ST TYPE .


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i6 Initial Letters.


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Monograms. 17


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HEADINGS AND CARDS.'HE same style of type should be used magazine or catalog. Page headings

for the headings throughout a book, may be plain or ornamental.

I:J:W.V\0BS. HARRISsCO.ARTBK CO. ^

rnt CNrftALy

T.J.BRADEN,

j.e.PUbUEB I HJsnrTH

T.A.HALL,

^..tJ-'fr\m\

fS

OLIDAYGifts.

ANDBRUSJHLETTERiNCi;

Sail: rriBS ^ lofKiii^MOmMIT.

B.L,. Willi*, Wm. Rebitjsorj,iililBSON, J.HUDSOM, ., w,,,.. - .-.-.

SALETr 2?REMNANTSlfH^ '..^rANY

^ la This Vindoxu ^^ . uv i^-.- - -^^


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Headings and Cards. 19

imviMm^i^^M.


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SCROLLS AND TAIL PIECES.A few scrolls and tail-pieces are here shown.

('


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TITLES OF DRAWINGS.

T*HK title of the drawing is the' inscription describing what thedrawing is supposed to represent,the name of the firm for whommade and the maker and date.

This title may be ornamental orplain as the draftsman thinks best.

In some drafting rooms the spaceallotted for the title is filled by afew words and lines put on by arubber stamp, and some additionaldata added by the draftsman.A few forms are here shown togive an idea of the different arrange-ment of wording.A title should first be sketchedout on a piece of paper to get the

arrangement and number of words,and then the style of lettering maybe selected.The lettering is put in so as to lie

.For.The V/arner&SwaseyCo. Cleveland, 0.DATE SCALE

DRAWN BY. APPROVED BY.A/-.

equally on each side of the centerline, as shown in the followingillustrations, which are shown halfskeleton and half finished.

Jl^j_.j^

Bridge 720 3/^ /^un, 5vansv/7/e, /Irizona.M. K. af7d T Ry. M/ddleD/v.3 Sp(7ns, S/n^/e Track, T/irough /vs-o'ccf/ydP/ns.Top Chords /?/^d End Posts.

AMERICAN BRIDGE CO.,EDGEMOOR PLANT.

A B. Co. Come. No...-^?^.__ In Charge of._Aic/6?.


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Titles. 23

^feaa^lBUllLaMMTIr/. .NL. ,.](JJLV VI I

rtooiAt'cl;, Gol Li OFllll?pip)@( ^B>ROCK ISLaW]) AeSENAIL,

\x^crscr-T^ /.^c^-^. -sc:-/*?-^.^-:^ /


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FANCY BORDERS.

vSome fancy border lines are here shown that can be nsed for generaldrawings and title sheets:


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APR 24 1905 yb I

'1 D '05


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