Chapter One and Two

Exam

1. A light year is: A) the amount of time it takes light to travel one year, B) the distance light travels in one year.

1. A light year is: A) the amount of time it takes light to travel one year, B) the distance light travels in one year.

2. The measurement north or south of the celestial equator is called the: A) right ascension, B) declination, C) celestial sphere.

2. The measurement north or south of the celestial equator is called the: A) right ascension, B) declination, C) celestial sphere.

3. The measurement east or west of a fixed zero point in the celestial sphere is called the: A) right ascension, B) declination, C) north celestial pole.

3. The measurement east or west of a fixed zero point in the celestial sphere is called the: A) right ascension, B) declination, C) north celestial pole.

5. The times of the year when the Sun is at its highest and lowest points by declination are called the: A) summer and winter solstices, B) autumnal and vernal equinoxes.

5. The times of the year when the Sun is at its highest and lowest points by declination are called the: A) summer and winter solstices, B) autumnal and vernal equinoxes.

6. The times of the year when the Sun is directly over the equator are called the: A) summer and winter solstices, B) autumnal and vernal equinoxes.

6. The times of the year when the Sun is directly over the equator are called the: A) summer and winter solstices, B) autumnal and vernal equinoxes.

7. Which of the following are NOT phases of the Moon: A) gibbous, B) full, C) half, D) quarter, E) new.

7. Which of the following are NOT phases of the Moon: A) gibbous, B) full, C) half, D) quarter, E) new.

8. When the Moon appears to grow it is called: A) waning, B) vacuuming, C) waxing.

8. When the Moon appears to grow it is called: A) waning, B) vacuuming, C) waxing.

9. When the Moon casts its shadow on the Earth it is an eclipse of the: A) Sun, B) Moon, C) Earth.

9. When the Moon casts its shadow on the Earth it is an eclipse of the: A) Sun, B) Moon, C) Earth.

10. When the Earth casts its shadow on the Moon it is an eclipse of the: A) Sun, B) Moon, C) Earth.

10. When the Earth casts its shadow on the Moon it is an eclipse of the: A) Sun, B) Moon, C) Earth.

11. The fact that some solar eclipses are total and some are annular shows that: A) the Sun is larger than the Moon, B) the Moon’s distance from the Earth varies, C) the Moon’s shadow is larger than the Earth.

11. The fact that some solar eclipses are total and some are annular shows that: A) the Sun is larger than the Moon, B) the Moon’s distance from the Earth varies, C) the Moon’s shadow is larger than the Earth.

12. Eclipses are not seen every time the Moon orbits the Earth because: A) the Moon’s orbit is erratic and unpredictable, B) the Moon’s orbit is perpendicular to the ecliptic, C) the Moon’s orbit is slightly inclined to the ecliptic.

12. Eclipses are not seen every time the Moon orbits the Earth because: A) the Moon’s orbit is erratic and unpredictable, B) the Moon’s orbit is perpendicular to the ecliptic, C) the Moon’s orbit is slightly inclined to the ecliptic.

13. As the Earth rotates on its axis it wobbles like a top that is running down. This motion is called: A) precession, B) nutation, C) equinox.

13. As the Earth rotates on its axis it wobbles like a top that is running down. This motion is called: A) precession, B) nutation, C) equinox.

16. The word ‘planet’ comes from a Greek word meaning: A) star, B) wanderer, C) Earth-like.

16. The word ‘planet’ comes from a Greek word meaning: A) star, B) wanderer, C) Earth-like.

17. Some planets sometimes move from east to west rather than from west to east. This east to west motion is called:

A) diurnal, B) direct, C) retrograde.

17. Some planets sometimes move from east to west rather than from west to east. This east to west motion is called:

A) diurnal, B) direct, C) retrograde.

18. In the geocentric solar system model, the planets moved in small circles in addition to their larger orbits around the Sun. These small circles were called: A) deferents, B) retrograde orbits, C) epicycles.

18. In the geocentric solar system model, the planets moved in small circles in addition to their larger orbits around the Sun. These small circles were called: A) deferents, B) retrograde orbits, C) epicycles.

19. The group of constellations through which the Sun passes is called: A) the solar constellations, B) the Sun group, C) the zodiac.

19. The group of constellations through which the Sun passes is called: A) the solar constellations, B) the Sun group, C) the zodiac.

20. Constellations seen at night change with the seasons because: A) the stars move to new locations in the galaxy, B) the night side of the Earth faces a different direction in different seasons.

20. Constellations seen at night change with the seasons because: A) the stars move to new locations in the galaxy, B) the night side of the Earth faces a different direction in different seasons.

CHAPTER THREE EXAM

1. The Ptolemaic picture of the universe began to be changed: A) during the Crusades, B) during the Renaissance, C) immediately after the death of Ptolemy.

1. The Ptolemaic picture of the universe began to be changed: A) during the Crusades, B) during the Renaissance, C) immediately after the death of Ptolemy.

3. The solar system model with the Sun at the center is called: A) geocentric, B) heliocentric, C) pliocentric.

3. The solar system model with the Sun at the center is called: A) geocentric, B) heliocentric, C) pliocentric.

4. Galileo was the first to see moons orbiting Jupiter. This was important because: A) it was proof of Ptolemy's theories, B) before this time scientists thought these moons were comets, C) it showed that SOMETHING in the universe did not orbit the Earth.

4. Galileo was the first to see moons orbiting Jupiter. This was important because: A) it was proof of Ptolemy's theories, B) before this time scientists thought these moons were comets, C) it showed that SOMETHING in the universe did not orbit the Earth.

5. Galileo was imprisoned for his views. His "crimes" were publicly forgiven by the Roman Church in: A) 1900, B) 1992, C) 1850.

5. Galileo was imprisoned for his views. His "crimes" were publicly forgiven by the Roman Church in: A) 1900, B) 1992, C) 1850.

6. Johannes Kepler based his laws on the observations of: A) Galileo, B) Isaac Newton, C) Tycho Brahe.

6. Johannes Kepler based his laws on the observations of: A) Galileo, B) Isaac Newton, C) Tycho Brahe.

7. A planet's closest approach to the Sun is called its: A) perihelion, B) aphelion, C) centrihelion.

7. A planet's closest approach to the Sun is called its: A) perihelion, B) aphelion, C) centrihelion.

8. A planet's greatest distance from the Sun is called its: A) perihelion, B) aphelion, C) centrihelion.

8. A planet's greatest distance from the Sun is called its: A) perihelion, B) aphelion, C) centrihelion.

9. Kepler's third law basically states that: A) planets travel through space at the same velocity at all times, B) The only planets where the orbits are exact circles are Mercury and Pluto, C) the farther a planet is from the Sun, the greater its orbital period.

9. Kepler's third law basically states that: A) planets travel through space at the same velocity at all times, B) The only planets where the orbits are exact circles are Mercury and Pluto, C) the farther a planet is from the Sun, the greater its orbital period.

10. Kepler's laws allowed a model of the solar system to be constructed, but: A) the location of Mercury was incorrect, B) the exact size of the solar system could not be determined, C) the exact size of the solar system was already known.

10. Kepler's laws allowed a model of the solar system to be constructed, but: A) the location of Mercury was incorrect, B) the exact size of the solar system could not be determined, C) the exact size of the solar system was already known.

12. Newton's First Law is: A) the Law of Inertia, B) F = m X a, C) action–reaction.

12. Newton's First Law is: A) the Law of Inertia, B) F = m X a, C) action–reaction.

13. Newton's Second Law is: A) the Law of Inertia,

B) F = m X a, C) action–reaction.

13. Newton's Second Law is: A) the Law of Inertia,

B) F = m X a, C) action–reaction.

14. Newton's Third Law is: A) the Law of Inertia, B) F = m X a, C) action–reaction.

14. Newton's Third Law is: A) the Law of Inertia, B) F = m X a, C) action–reaction.

16. According to Newton's Laws:

A) the planets orbit a stationary Sun, B) the Sun orbits a stationary planet, C) each planet and the Sun orbit a common center of mass.

16. According to Newton's Laws:

A) the planets orbit a stationary Sun, B) the Sun orbits a stationary planet, C) each planet and the Sun orbit a common center of mass.

17. According to Newton's laws, the Sun dominates the orbital motion of the planets because the Sun: A) is at the center of the universe, B) produces its own energy, C) is so much more massive than the planets.

17. According to Newton's laws, the Sun dominates the orbital motion of the planets because the Sun: A) is at the center of the universe, B) produces its own energy, C) is so much more massive than the planets.

18. Kepler's third law can be modified to help astronomers find: A) the mass of the Sun, B) the mass of the Earth, C) all masses measured in astronomy, D) all of the above.

18. Kepler's third law can be modified to help astronomers find: A) the mass of the Sun, B) the mass of the Earth, C) all masses measured in astronomy, D) all of the above.

19. The velocity needed to escape the Earth's gravitational field and move away from the Earth forever is: A) escape velocity, B) terminal velocity, C) average velocity.

19. The velocity needed to escape the Earth's gravitational field and move away from the Earth forever is: A) escape velocity, B) terminal velocity, C) average velocity.

CHAPTER 6 & 7 EXAM

2. Most of the world’s large telescopes are:

A) refractors, B) reflectors, C) Hubble telescopes.

2. Most of the world’s large telescopes are:

A) refractors, B) reflectors, C) Hubble telescopes.

4. Another problem with lenses is that glass is opaque to much infrared and ultraviolet light. “Opaque” means that these wavelengths: A) are refracted more than others, B) are blocked by the lens, C) move faster inside the lens.

4. Another problem with lenses is that glass is opaque to much infrared and ultraviolet light. “Opaque” means that these wavelengths: A) are refracted more than others, B) are blocked by the lens, C) move faster inside the lens.

8. Images formed by large reflectors have an inability to focus along the edges of the image. Stars on these edges acquire “tails”. This is called: A) comets, B) coma, C) angular resolution.

8. Images formed by large reflectors have an inability to focus along the edges of the image. Stars on these edges acquire “tails”. This is called: A) comets, B) coma, C) angular resolution.

10. Radio telescopes: A) are about the same size as optical telescopes, B) are much larger than optical telescopes, C) are much smaller than optical telescopes.

10. Radio telescopes: A) are about the same size as optical telescopes, B) are much larger than optical telescopes, C) are much smaller than optical telescopes.

11. The Earth’s density varies greatly from crust to core. this variation is called: A) radioactivity, B) distortion, C) differentiation.

11. The Earth’s density varies greatly from crust to core. this variation is called: A) radioactivity, B) distortion, C) differentiation.

13. The tides are a direct result of the gravitational influence of: A) the Sun and the Moon,

B) only the Sun, C) only the Moon.

13. The tides are a direct result of the gravitational influence of: A) the Sun and the Moon, B) only the Sun, C) only the Moon.

14. When the Earth, Sun, and Moon are lined up, the gravitational forces reinforce each other and the highest tides result. These are called: A) neap tides, B) low tides, C) spring tides, D) high tides.

14. When the Earth, Sun, and Moon are lined up, the gravitational forces reinforce each other and the highest tides result. These are called: A) neap tides, B) low tides, C) spring tides, D) high tides.

15. When the Moon is at a right angle to the Sun, the daily tides are smallest. These are called: A) neap tides, B) low tides, C) spring tides, D) high tides.

15. When the Moon is at a right angle to the Sun, the daily tides are smallest. These are called: A) neap tides, B) low tides, C) spring tides, D) high tides.

18. This area contains the donut-shaped Van Allen belts: A) troposphere, B) stratosphere, C) mesosphere, D) thermosphere, E) magnetosphere.

18. This area contains the donut-shaped Van Allen belts: A) troposphere, B) stratosphere, C) mesosphere, D) thermosphere, E) magnetosphere.

19. The dynamo theory explains the existence of the:

A) troposphere,

B) stratosphere, C) mesosphere, D) thermosphere, E) magnetosphere.

19. The dynamo theory explains the existence of the:

A) troposphere,

B) stratosphere, C) mesosphere, D) thermosphere, E) magnetosphere.

20. The magnetosphere intersects the atmosphere at the poles. This is where the: A) magnetosphere is weakest, B) aurora borealis and aurora australis are formed, C) atmosphere is too thin to support life.

20. The magnetosphere intersects the atmosphere at the poles. This is where the: A) magnetosphere is weakest, B) aurora borealis and aurora australis are formed, C) atmosphere is too thin to support life.

21. The magnetosphere’s shape is not symmetrical. This distortion of its shape is caused by: A) the rotation of the Earth, B) the solar wind, C) the pull of gravity by the Moon.

21. The magnetosphere’s shape is not symmetrical. This distortion of its shape is caused by: A) the rotation of the Earth, B) the solar wind, C) the pull of gravity by the Moon.

CH 8The Moon

1. The Moon’s closest approach to the Earth in its elliptical orbit is called its: A) perigee, B) semi-major axis, C) apogee, D) eccentricity.

1. The Moon’s closest approach to the Earth in its elliptical orbit is called its: A) perigee, B) semi-major axis, C) apogee, D) eccentricity.

2. The Moon’s radius is approximately: A) 1/80 of the Earth’s radius, B) 1/40 of the Earth’s radius, C) 1/4 of the Earth’s radius, D) 1/2 of the Earth’s radius.

2. The Moon’s radius is approximately: A) 1/80 of the Earth’s radius, B) 1/40 of the Earth’s radius, C) 1/4 of the Earth’s radius,

D) 1/2 of the Earth’s radius.

4. The Moon’s average density is: A) higher that the Earth’s, B) equal to the Earth’s, C) lower than the Earth’s.

4. The Moon’s average density is: A) higher that the Earth’s, B) equal to the Earth’s, C) lower than the Earth’s.

5. To an astronaut on the Moon’s surface: A) the Earth would rise and set in a 24 hour period, B) the Earth would rise and set in a 12 hour period, C) the Earth would rise and set in a 28 day period, D) the Earth would appear almost stationary in the sky.

5. To an astronaut on the Moon’s surface: A) the Earth would rise and set in a 24 hour period, B) the Earth would rise and set in a 12 hour period, C) the Earth would rise and set in a 28 day period, D) the Earth would appear almost stationary in the sky.

6. To an astronaut on the Moon’s surface: A) the Sun would rise and set in a 24 hour period, B) the Sun would rise and set in a 12 hour period, C) the Sun would rise and set in a 14 day period, D) the Sun would appear almost stationary in the sky.

6. To an astronaut on the Moon’s surface: A) the Sun would rise and set in a 24 hour period, B) the Sun would rise and set in a 12 hour period, C) the Sun would rise and set in a 14 day period, D) the Sun would appear almost stationary in the sky.

7. The Moon’s orbital period is equal to its rotational period. This is called a: A) solar orbit, B) synchronous orbit, C) meteorological orbit.

7. The Moon’s orbital period is equal to its rotational period. This is called a: A) solar orbit, B) synchronous orbit, C) meteorological orbit.

8. Over a 28 day period we can see 59% of the Moon’s surface. The Moon appears to rock on its north-south axis. This rocking is called: A) libration, B) inebriation, C) chelation.

8. Over a 28 day period we can see 59% of the Moon’s surface. The Moon appears to rock on its north-south axis. This rocking is called: A) libration, B) inebriation, C) chelation.

9. The Moon’s equatorial diameter exceeds its polar diameter. This is probably caused by: A) the rotation of the Moon on its axis, B) the gravitational pull of the Earth, C) both of the above.

9. The Moon’s equatorial diameter exceeds its polar diameter. This is probably caused by: A) the rotation of the Moon on its axis, B) the gravitational pull of the Earth, C) both of the above.

10. The Moon has no atmosphere because: A) it never had any atmosphere, B) volcanic activity blew the atmosphere away, C) there is not enough gravity to hold an atmosphere.

10. The Moon has no atmosphere because: A) it never had any atmosphere, B) volcanic activity blew the atmosphere away, C) there is not enough gravity to hold an atmosphere.

11. The large, dark areas seen on the Moon are called: A) terrae, B) maria, C) highlands.

11. The large, dark areas seen on the Moon are called: A) terrae, B) maria, C) highlands.

12. The lighter areas seen on the Moon are called: A) terrae, B) maria, C) seas.

12. The lighter areas seen on the Moon are called: A) terrae, B) maria, C) seas.

13. Craters: A) are all the same size, B) are equally dispersed over the lunar surface, C) vary in size from microscopic to 100’s of km across.

13. Craters: A) are all the same size, B) are equally dispersed over the lunar surface, C) vary in size from microscopic to 100’s of km across.

14. Erosion on the Moon: A) is nonexistent, B) is more rapid than on Earth, C) is much slower than on Earth.

14. Erosion on the Moon: A) is nonexistent, B) is more rapid than on Earth, C) is much slower than on Earth.

15. The material thrown out of a crater when it is formed is called: A) a ray, B) the ejecta blanket, C) bubbling boulders.

15. The material thrown out of a crater when it is formed is called: A) a ray, B) the ejecta blanket, C) bubbling boulders.

16. There are more craters per unit area in the: A) highlands, B) maria, C) seas.

16. There are more craters per unit area in the: A) highlands, B) maria, C) seas.

17. The lunar dust covering the Moon is called: A) monolith, B) regolith, C) aesthenosphere.

17. The lunar dust covering the Moon is called: A) monolith, B) regolith, C) aesthenosphere.

18. A ditch where molten lava flowed is called: A) an escarpment, B) a lava dome, C) a rille.

18. A ditch where molten lava flowed is called: A) an escarpment, B) a lava dome, C) a rille.

19. The first man-made spacecraft to go to the Moon were from the series called: A) Sputnik, B) Apollo, C) Ranger, D) Luna.

19. The first man-made spacecraft to go to the Moon were from the series called: A) Sputnik, B) Apollo, C) Ranger, D) Luna.

20. The first man to walk on the Moon was: A) Uri Gagarin, B) Neil Armstrong, C) Buzz Aldrin, D) Fred Whipple.

20. The first man to walk on the Moon was: A) Uri Gagarin, B) Neil Armstrong, C) Buzz Aldrin, D) Fred Whipple.

CH 10 & 11MERCURY AND

VENUS

1. The Titius-Bode Law is: A) a very exact pattern for the location of the planets, B) completely understood and descriptive, C) a curious coincidence that is not very accurate for some of the planets.

1. The Titius-Bode Law is: A) a very exact pattern for the location of the planets, B) completely understood and descriptive, C) a curious coincidence that is not very accurate for some of the planets.

2. Because Mercury is closest of all planets to the Sun, A) it is never visible, B) its orbital period is longer than that of Earth, C) it is only observed when low on the horizon.

2. Because Mercury is closest of all planets to the Sun, A) it is never visible, B) its orbital period is longer than that of Earth, C) it is only observed when low on the horizon.

3. The fraction of incident sunlight an object reflects into space is called its: A) albedo, B) bambino, C) barbieri.

3. The fraction of incident sunlight an object reflects into space is called its: A) albedo, B) bambino, C) barbieri.

4. Mercury can cross the Sun as viewed from Earth. This is called: A) an occlusion, B) a transit, C) an eclipse.

4. Mercury can cross the Sun as viewed from Earth. This is called: A) an occlusion, B) a transit, C) an eclipse.

5. Mercury’s orbital period is: A) the same as Earth’s, B) the same as its rotational period, C) less than 1/4 that of Earth’s.

5. Mercury’s orbital period is: A) the same as Earth’s, B) the same as its rotational period, C) less than 1/4 that of Earth’s.

6. Mercury: A) is smaller than Earth’s Moon, B) is the second smallest planet, C) is as large as Neptune.

6. Mercury: A) is smaller than Earth’s Moon, B) is the second smallest planet, C) is as large as Neptune.

7. Mercury’s orbit: A) is very elliptic compared to the other planet’s orbits, B) is almost perfectly circular, C) is at an extreme angle to the plane of orbit of the other planets.

7. Mercury’s orbit: A) is very elliptic compared to the other planet’s orbits, B) is almost perfectly circular, C) is at an extreme angle to the plane of orbit of the other planets.

8. Which of these features are found on Mercury, but not on the Moon? A) scarps, B) clouds, C) maria, D) dust storms.

8. Which of these features are found on Mercury, but not on the Moon? A) scarps, B) clouds, C) maria, D) dust storms.

9. Which of these features are found on Mercury, but not on the Moon? A) rivers, B) weather, C) double-ringed craters.

9. Which of these features are found on Mercury, but not on the Moon? A) rivers, B) weather, C) double-ringed craters.

10. A huge crater on Mercury caused by an asteroid impact is called the: A) Caloris basin, B) double-ringed crater, C) weird terrain, D) Cleopatra crater.

10. A huge crater on Mercury caused by an asteroid impact is called the: A) Caloris basin, B) double-ringed crater, C) weird terrain, D) Cleopatra crater.

11. The opposite side of Mercury from the crater described in question 10 has rippled, wavy surface features called the: A) Caloris basin, B) double-ringed crater, C) weird terrain, D) Cleopatra crater.

11. The opposite side of Mercury from the crater described in question 10 has rippled, wavy surface features called the: A) Caloris basin, B) double-ringed crater, C) weird terrain, D) Cleopatra crater.

12. Mercury’s surface temperature: A) is 700K on the daylight side, B) has the largest day to night variation of any planet in the solar system, C) is 100K on the nighttime side, D) all of the above.

12. Mercury’s surface temperature: A) is 700K on the daylight side, B) has the largest day to night variation of any planet in the solar system, C) is 100K on the nighttime side, D) all of the above.

13. Why is the fact that Mercury has a magnetic field surprising? A) None of the other nine planets have magnetic fields, B) Neither the Moon nor Venus has a magnetic field, C) Mercury had no magnetic field as recently as 50 years ago.

13. Why is the fact that Mercury has a magnetic field surprising? A) None of the other nine planets have magnetic fields, B) Neither the Moon nor Venus has a magnetic field, C) Mercury had no magnetic field as recently as 50 years ago.

14. One similarity in Venus and Mercury is: A) EACH was originally thought to be TWO different planets, B) they are about the same size, C) the presence of an atmosphere on each planet.

14. One similarity in Venus and Mercury is: A) EACH was originally thought to be TWO different planets, B) they are about the same size, C) the presence of an atmosphere on each planet.

15. Venus is brighter than all objects in the sky EXCEPT: A) Sirius and Rigel, B) the Moon and the Sun, C) Mercury and Jupiter.

15. Venus is brighter than all objects in the sky EXCEPT: A) Sirius and Rigel, B) the Moon and the Sun, C) Mercury and Jupiter.

17. Venus shows phases like the Moon. Venus: A) is “full” when at inferior conjunction, B) is “new” when at inferior conjunction, C) is at its brightest as viewed from Earth when “full”, D) all of the above.

17. Venus shows phases like the Moon. Venus: A) is “full” when at inferior conjunction, B) is “new” when at inferior conjunction, C) is at its brightest as viewed from Earth when “full”, D) all of the above.

18. Venus rotation is unique in that: A) its rotational period is longer than its orbital period, B) its rotation is retrograde,

C) both A and B.

18. Venus rotation is unique in that: A) its rotational period is longer than its orbital period, B) its rotation is retrograde,

C) both A and B.

19. Transits of the Sun by Venus: A) are more frequent than transits by Mercury, B) are less frequent than transits by Mercury, C) occur as frequently as transits by Mercury.

19. Transits of the Sun by Venus: A) are more frequent than transits by Mercury, B) are less frequent than transits by Mercury, C) occur as frequently as transits by Mercury.

21. The temperature on Venus is: A) 100K, B) 300K, C) 750K.

21. The temperature on Venus is: A) 100K, B) 300K, C) 750K.

23. The primary gas found in Venus’ atmosphere is: A) carbon dioxide, B) nitrogen, C) oxygen.

23. The primary gas found in Venus’ atmosphere is: A) carbon dioxide, B) nitrogen, C) oxygen.

24. Venus: A) is completely covered by clouds, B) has a scattered cloud cover, C) has much water in its cloud cover.

24. Venus: A) is completely covered by clouds, B) has a scattered cloud cover, C) has much water in its cloud cover.

25. The great amount of carbon dioxide: A) causes the ozone on Venus to be depleted, B) produces a strong magnetic field, C) produces a great greenhouse effect.

25. The great amount of carbon dioxide: A) causes the ozone on Venus to be depleted, B) produces a strong magnetic field, C) produces a great greenhouse effect.

26. The temperature on Venus: A) varies greatly from the daytime side to the nighttime side, B) is made the same all over the planet by rapid atmospheric circulation.

26. The temperature on Venus: A) varies greatly from the daytime side to the nighttime side, B) is made the same all over the planet by rapid atmospheric circulation.

27. The elevated, continent-sized region in the northern hemisphere of Venus is: A) the Aphrodite Terra, B) the Ishtar Terra, C) the Cleopatra Terra.

27. The elevated, continent-sized region in the northern hemisphere of Venus is: A) the Aphrodite Terra, B) the Ishtar Terra, C) the Cleopatra Terra.

28. The elevated, continent-sized region along the equator of Venus is: A) the Aphrodite Terra, B) the Ishtar Terra, C) the Cleopatra Terra.

28. The elevated, continent-sized region along the equator of Venus is: A) the Aphrodite Terra, B) the Ishtar Terra, C) the Cleopatra Terra.

29. Venus shows NO small impact craters. This is probably because: A) no small meteors have ever entered Venus’ atmosphere, B) there are no meteors that close to the Sun, C) no smaller meteors could survive the trip through Venus’ atmosphere.

29. Venus shows NO small impact craters. This is probably because: A) no small meteors have ever entered Venus’ atmosphere, B) there are no meteors that close to the Sun, C) no smaller meteors could survive the trip through Venus’ atmosphere.

30. Soviet Venera spacecraft: A) are all still sending data back to Earth, B) were all destroyed before landing on Venus’ surface, C) quit functioning within an hour of landing because of the harsh conditions.

30. Soviet Venera spacecraft: A) are all still sending data back to Earth, B) were all destroyed before landing on Venus’ surface, C) quit functioning within an hour of landing because of the harsh conditions.

CHAPTER 12

MARS

1. Which of these BEST describes Mars? A) lush, green, B) dead, dry, C) plants, no animals, D) animals, no plants.

1. Which of these BEST describes Mars? A) lush, green, B) dead, dry, C) plants, no animals, D) animals, no plants.

2. All the planets that transit the Sun as viewed from the Earth. A) Mars, B) Mercury, C) Venus, D) Mars and Mercury, E) Mercury and Venus.

2. All the planets that transit the Sun as viewed from the Earth. A) Mars, B) Mercury, C) Venus, D) Mars and Mercury, E) Mercury and Venus.

3. Mars’ orbit: A) has a period the same as Earth’s, B) is very eccentric compared to other planets, C) is nearly circular.

3. Mars’ orbit: A) has a period the same as Earth’s, B) is very eccentric compared to other planets, C) is nearly circular.

4. Mars is different from Earth in that: A) Mars’ day is much shorter, B) Mars has no tilt to its axis, C) Mars is much smaller than Earth.

4. Mars is different from Earth in that: A) Mars’ day is much shorter, B) Mars has no tilt to its axis, C) Mars is much smaller than Earth.

5. Mars’ polar ice caps are composed mainly of: A) nitrogen, B) hydrogen, C) carbon dioxide, D) water ice.

5. Mars’ polar ice caps are composed mainly of: A) nitrogen, B) hydrogen, C) carbon dioxide, D) water ice.

7. The northern hemisphere of Mars: A) is very similar to the southern hemisphere, B) is much higher in elevation than the southern hemisphere, C) has fewer meteoric craters than the southern hemisphere.

7. The northern hemisphere of Mars: A) is very similar to the southern hemisphere, B) is much higher in elevation than the southern hemisphere, C) has fewer meteoric craters than the southern hemisphere.

8. The Tharsis bulge: A) is the only ‘continent’ on Mars, B) is at the same elevation as the rest of the Martian surface, C) is the size of Texas.

8. The Tharsis bulge: A) is the only ‘continent’ on Mars, B) is at the same elevation as the rest of the Martian surface, C) is the size of Texas.

9. Mars has: A) the largest known volcanos in the solar system,

B) numerous active volcanos, C) a great deal of plate tectonic activity.

9. Mars has: A) the largest known volcanos in the solar system, B) numerous active volcanos, C) a great deal of plate tectonic activity.

10. Olympus Mons: A) is an active volcano, B) is slightly smaller than Texas, C) is smaller than Hawaii’s Mauna Loa.

10. Olympus Mons: A) is an active volcano, B) is slightly smaller than Texas, C) is smaller than Hawaii’s Mauna Loa.

11. The ejecta expelled from meteoric craters on Mars: A) is exactly the same as that on Earth’s moon, B) was probably fluid rather than solid.

11. The ejecta expelled from meteoric craters on Mars: A) is exactly the same as that on Earth’s moon, B) was probably fluid rather than solid.

12. The Mariner Valley: A) is much larger than the Grand Canyon, B) is much smaller than the Grand Canyon, C) is the same size as the Grand Canyon.

12. The Mariner Valley: A) is much larger than the Grand Canyon, B) is much smaller than the Grand Canyon, C) is the same size as the Grand Canyon.

13. These were produced by catastrophic flooding: A) runoff channels, B) outflow channels, C) ‘splosh’ craters.

13. These were produced by catastrophic flooding: A) runoff channels, B) outflow channels, C) ‘splosh’ craters.

15. The polar caps are mostly made up of: A) carbon dioxide, B) water ice, C) liquid nitrogen.

15. The polar caps are mostly made up of: A) carbon dioxide, B) water ice, C) liquid nitrogen.

16. The atmospheric pressure on Mars is: A) high, like on Venus, B) much lower than Earth’s, C) there is no atmosphere,so no pressure.

16. The atmospheric pressure on Mars is: A) high, like on Venus, B) much lower than Earth’s, C) there is no atmosphere,so no pressure.

17. Mars is red because: A) of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, B) of contact with a comet thousands of years ago, C) because iron in the soil “rusts”.

17. Mars is red because: A) of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, B) of contact with a comet thousands of years ago, C) because iron in the soil “rusts”.

19. Mars’ moons are: A) Castor and Pollux, B) Mutt and Jeff, C) Fred and Ethyl, D) Phobos and Deimos.

19. Mars’ moons are: A) Castor and Pollux, B) Mutt and Jeff, C) Fred and Ethyl, D) Phobos and Deimos.

20. Mars two moons: A) have synchronous orbits, B) are perfect spheres, C) were originally part of Mars.

20. Mars two moons: A) have synchronous orbits, B) are perfect spheres, C) were originally part of Mars.