CHAPTER ONE: MATTER AND CHANGE

Key concepts:

Basic vocabulary Organization of Matter States of Matter Intensive and Extensive properties Physical and Chemical properties/change Layout of the periodic table

A. Chemistry Terminology

_________ - Study of the composition, structureAnd properties of matter and the changes itundergoes.

Chemistry

________– Measure of the amount of matter.Mass

________ - Anything with mass and takes up space.Matter

A. Chemistry Terminology cont.________ - smallest unit of an element

thatmaintains the properties of that

element.

_________ - a pure substance made of only onetype of atom.

________ - a pure substance made up of two or

more atoms that are chemically bonded.

Atom

Compound

Element

B. Classification of Matter

MATTER

Can it be physically separated?

Homogeneous Mixture

(solution)

Heterogeneous Mixture Compound Element

MIXTURE PURE SUBSTANCE

yes no

Can it be chemically decomposed?

noyesIs the composition uniform?

noyes

EX: Salt water EX: Blood, granite, milk

EX: CO2, H2O

NaCl

EX: C, H2, K

B. Classification of Matter cont.

____________ - Mixture that looksthe same throughout

Homogeneous

____________ - Mixture that has different visible parts.

Heterogeneous

C. Phases of Matter

Bose-EinsteinCondensate

SolidLiquid

GasPlasma

EnergyAdded

C. Phases of Matter cont.

Bose-Einstein Condensate Very low Energy Small number of atoms

fuse into one ‘super atom’

Solids

Definite shape Definite volume

C. Phases of Matter cont.

Liquids Definite Volume Indefinite shape

Gases Indefinite shape Indefinite volume

Plasma Very high Energy Gases with electrons stripped from atoms

D. Intensive and Extensive Properties

___________ - Depends on the amount of matterExtensive

___________ - Does not depend on the amount ofmatter

Intensive

Examples:

Boiling point

Mass

Volume

Conductivity

Density

INTENSIVE

EXTENSIVE

EXTENSIVE

INTENSIVE

INTENSIVE

E. Chemical and Physical Properties

________ - can be observed without changing theidentity of the substance

Physical

________ - describes the ability of a substanceto undergo changes in identityChemical

Examples:

Melting point

Flammability

Magnetic

Conductivity

Tarnishes in air

PHYSICAL

CHEMICAL

PHYSICAL

PHYSICAL

CHEMICAL

E. Chemical and Physical Change

__________• Changes the form of a substance without changing its identity

• Properties remain the same

__________

• Changes the identity of a substance

• Products have different properties

Physical

Chemical

E. Chemical and Physical Change cont.

Examples:

rusting iron

dissolving in water

burning a log

melting ice

grinding spices

CHEMICAL

PHYSICAL

CHEMICAL

PHYSICAL

PHYSICAL

F. Periodic Table

A – METALS

B – METALOIDS – properties of metals and non

C – NONMETALS

F. Periodic Table cont.

A Single Entry

CCarbon

612.011

2 2 21s 2s 2p

Symbol

Name

Atomic Number (Z)

Mass

ElectronConfiguration

F. Periodic Table cont.

Alkali MetalsAlkaline Earth Metals

Transition Metals

HalogensNoble GasesLanthanidesActinides

s Block

p Blockd Block

f Block

Rare Earth Elements

ROWS – PERIODSCOLUMNS – FAMILIES/GROUPS

Foreign Names of elements

Modern Name Symbol Latin Name

Antimony Sb

Copper Cu

Gold Au

Iron Fe

Lead Pb

Mercury Hg

Potassium K

Silver Ag

Sodium Na

Tin Sn

Tungsten W

Stibium

Cupprum

Aurrum

Ferrum

Plumbum

Hydrargyrum

Kalium

Argentum

Natrium

Stannum

Wolfram (German)