Chapter Seven, Chapter Seven, Lecture OneLecture One

Myths of the OlympiansMyths of the Olympians

Male DeitiesMale Deities Reflect range of activities consistent with the Reflect range of activities consistent with the

roles Greek men played in their societyroles Greek men played in their society Zeus-ruled family and all humankind-male rules Zeus-ruled family and all humankind-male rules

Greek familyGreek family Hades-King of death ruled under world family-Hades-King of death ruled under world family-

male rules Greek familymale rules Greek family Apollo-guide to higher knowledge, only open to Apollo-guide to higher knowledge, only open to

malesmales Poseidon-storms and sea, sailors-malePoseidon-storms and sea, sailors-male Hephaestus-smiths-maleHephaestus-smiths-male Ares-warriors-maleAres-warriors-male Hermes-merchants-maleHermes-merchants-male

Greek MenGreek Men

Poseidon, Lord of the DeepPoseidon, Lord of the Deep

Husband (Husband (posisposis)) An Indo-european male fertility godAn Indo-european male fertility god This explains the tangle of his This explains the tangle of his

competenciescompetencies– original: springs, horses, earthquakesoriginal: springs, horses, earthquakes– acquired: seaacquired: sea

Married to “Amphitrite”Married to “Amphitrite” Father of Triton-merman, blew conch Father of Triton-merman, blew conch

shell and the sea calmedshell and the sea calmed

Poseidon and AmphitritePoseidon and AmphitriteTriton-their sonTriton-their son

Poseidon and AmphitritePoseidon and Amphitrite

Poseidon and DemeterPoseidon and Demeter One of the most notorious love affairs of One of the most notorious love affairs of

Poseidon involves his sister, Demeter. Poseidon involves his sister, Demeter. Poseidon pursued Demeter and to avoid Poseidon pursued Demeter and to avoid him she turned herself into a mare. In his him she turned herself into a mare. In his lust for her, Poseidon transformed himself lust for her, Poseidon transformed himself into a stallion and captured her. Their into a stallion and captured her. Their procreation resulted in a horse, Arion. procreation resulted in a horse, Arion. Poseidon is Greek for "Husband" (possibly Poseidon is Greek for "Husband" (possibly of wheat), and therefore it is thought that of wheat), and therefore it is thought that he and Demeter (goddess of wheat) are a he and Demeter (goddess of wheat) are a good match because they reign as the god good match because they reign as the god and goddess of fertility. and goddess of fertility.

Poseidon and DemeterPoseidon and Demeter

Poseidon, Lord of the DeepPoseidon, Lord of the Deep

The competition in AthensThe competition in Athens– He offers the Athenians salt water??He offers the Athenians salt water??

Lost also in ArgosLost also in Argos Impregnated MedusaImpregnated Medusa Pegasus born when Medusa killed by Pegasus born when Medusa killed by

PerseusPerseus

Poseidon VS AthenaPoseidon VS Athena The two Olympian gods who were particularly interested in the The two Olympian gods who were particularly interested in the

patronage were patronage were Poseidon (Neptune)Poseidon (Neptune), the god of the Seas and , the god of the Seas and Athena(MinervaAthena(Minerva)), the goddess of Wisdom and Skill. They , the goddess of Wisdom and Skill. They presented themselves in front of Cecrops and Cecrops asked from presented themselves in front of Cecrops and Cecrops asked from them to offer a gift truly valuable for Athens.them to offer a gift truly valuable for Athens.

Poseidon came first: he powerfully struck the earth and created a Poseidon came first: he powerfully struck the earth and created a well with his trident; immediately streaming water shot forth, but well with his trident; immediately streaming water shot forth, but water turned out to be salty and not very useful for the water turned out to be salty and not very useful for the population. population.

Next, it was goddess Athena’s turn. Athena stepped forward, Next, it was goddess Athena’s turn. Athena stepped forward, struck her spear in the ground and then she kneeled and planted struck her spear in the ground and then she kneeled and planted an olive branch in it, creating this way an olive tree as a an olive branch in it, creating this way an olive tree as a symbolization of peace and prosperity on earth. symbolization of peace and prosperity on earth.

Cecrops was very impressed by Athena’s gift- much more than Cecrops was very impressed by Athena’s gift- much more than that from Poseidon- so he chose Athena to lay claim of the city of that from Poseidon- so he chose Athena to lay claim of the city of Athens and Athens was named after her. God Poseidon, however, Athens and Athens was named after her. God Poseidon, however, was not pleased by the decision of Cecrops and cursed the city of was not pleased by the decision of Cecrops and cursed the city of Athens to never have enough water from then on; after that, a Athens to never have enough water from then on; after that, a major problem of water shortage started in Athens, which major problem of water shortage started in Athens, which continues until nowadays. continues until nowadays.

Poseidon VS AthenaPoseidon VS Athena

Poseidon and MedusaPoseidon and Medusa

Before Medusa was turned into a monster, Before Medusa was turned into a monster, she was very beautiful. Medusa and she was very beautiful. Medusa and Poseidon had an affair and decided to Poseidon had an affair and decided to make love in Athena’s temple. Athena was make love in Athena’s temple. Athena was so offended she turned Medusa into a so offended she turned Medusa into a monster with snakes for hair. Athena then monster with snakes for hair. Athena then helped Peruses kill Medusa. After cutting helped Peruses kill Medusa. After cutting off Medusa’s head, two offspring came out, off Medusa’s head, two offspring came out, Chrysaor and the flying horse Pegasus. Chrysaor and the flying horse Pegasus.

Pegasus and MedusaPegasus and Medusa

Poseidon-sorrow of seamenPoseidon-sorrow of seamen

Odysseus offended Odysseus offended Poseidon; Poseidon; therefore, Poseidon therefore, Poseidon sent storms to sea sent storms to sea and diverted and diverted Odysseus from Odysseus from getting home.getting home.

Poseidon and the Trojan WarPoseidon and the Trojan War

Gold-mane horses pull chariotGold-mane horses pull chariot golden armor and a golden whipgolden armor and a golden whip Achilles set out to avenge his friend, Achilles set out to avenge his friend,

killing many Trojans and driving killing many Trojans and driving them back towards city in a rout. them back towards city in a rout. PoseidonPoseidon, who normally favoured the , who normally favoured the Greeks, saved Greeks, saved AeneasAeneas from Achilles. from Achilles. Poseidon told the Trojan hero that he Poseidon told the Trojan hero that he was destined to rule Troy.was destined to rule Troy.

PoseidonPoseidon

Hades, King of the DeadHades, King of the Dead

the invisible” (Helmet from the the invisible” (Helmet from the Cyclops)Cyclops)

““Pluto” (wealth)Pluto” (wealth) The enricher-materials in the EarthThe enricher-materials in the Earth Lord of the dead who inhabit the top Lord of the dead who inhabit the top

layer of soillayer of soil Abduction and Marriage to Abduction and Marriage to

Persephone (daughter of Demeter), Persephone (daughter of Demeter), discussed in Chapter 11discussed in Chapter 11

Rape of PersephoneRape of Persephone

Apollo, the Far-Darter, God of Apollo, the Far-Darter, God of ProphecyProphecy

One of the most complexOne of the most complex His competencies are a tangle of His competencies are a tangle of

different areasdifferent areas His history is complex and His history is complex and

inconsistent inconsistent His role at Delphi makes him, next to His role at Delphi makes him, next to

Zeus, the most important OlympianZeus, the most important Olympian

ApolloApollo

Apollo-sun God, archer god-arrows of sickness

Lord of Mice- daughter of Chryses captured and the priest prays to Apollo who sends a plague of sickness

Apollo- the archerApollo- the archer

Apollo, the Far-Darter, God of Apollo, the Far-Darter, God of ProphecyProphecy

Sender of plaguesSender of plagues God of miceGod of mice HealingHealing Asclepius and the Asclepius and the

story of Coronisstory of Coronis

LetoLeto

LetoLeto Leto is the daughter of Leto is the daughter of CoeusCoeus and and PhoebePhoebe. She was an early . She was an early

and favorite lover of and favorite lover of ZeusZeus. Zeus married . Zeus married HeraHera while Leto while Leto was pregnant. While the pregnancy began before the was pregnant. While the pregnancy began before the marriage Hera was still jealous of Leto. For the duration of marriage Hera was still jealous of Leto. For the duration of Leto's pregnancy Hera created problems. First Leto was Leto's pregnancy Hera created problems. First Leto was pushed out of pushed out of OlympusOlympus. As she wandered no place would . As she wandered no place would allow her to stay for fear Hera would be offended. Hera had allow her to stay for fear Hera would be offended. Hera had the dragon Python chase her. Zeus saved her by sending the dragon Python chase her. Zeus saved her by sending the North Wind Boreas to carry her out to sea. the North Wind Boreas to carry her out to sea.

LetoLeto Finally, the desolate rocky island of Delos, which had little to Finally, the desolate rocky island of Delos, which had little to

lose, accepted her. The other goddesses gathered to help lose, accepted her. The other goddesses gathered to help Leto as she gave birth. Hera stayed away and managed to Leto as she gave birth. Hera stayed away and managed to detain Eileithyia, goddess of childbirth, until Iris fetched her. detain Eileithyia, goddess of childbirth, until Iris fetched her. Leto first gave birth to Leto first gave birth to ArtemisArtemis and then after another nine and then after another nine days of labor to days of labor to ApolloApollo. .

Still fleeing Hera's wrath she went to Lycia. The peasants Still fleeing Hera's wrath she went to Lycia. The peasants tried to prevent her from drinking from their well, so she tried to prevent her from drinking from their well, so she turned them into frogs. Initially Leto's problems continued. turned them into frogs. Initially Leto's problems continued. But, now she had her two fast developing children, both of But, now she had her two fast developing children, both of whom became powerful archers, to protect her. When four whom became powerful archers, to protect her. When four days old Apollo was able to slay Python. Then the Euboean days old Apollo was able to slay Python. Then the Euboean giant Tityus tried to rape Leto only to be killed by the giant Tityus tried to rape Leto only to be killed by the children. As they grew into their full power the twins become children. As they grew into their full power the twins become willing to avenge Leto's honor as well as to protect her willing to avenge Leto's honor as well as to protect her safety. Niobe boasted that she was more deserving of safety. Niobe boasted that she was more deserving of adulation then Leto because she had borne seven sons and adulation then Leto because she had borne seven sons and seven daughters. The twins replied to this by slaying all but seven daughters. The twins replied to this by slaying all but one of Niobe's children. one of Niobe's children.

ArgumentsArguments

Leto promised visitor, wealth, riches, and Leto promised visitor, wealth, riches, and food if a temple to Apollo were builtfood if a temple to Apollo were built

Delos afraid Apollo will scorn the island Delos afraid Apollo will scorn the island and leave it or destroy it.and leave it or destroy it.

Delos waterless island that bobbed Delos waterless island that bobbed beneath the surface and did not always beneath the surface and did not always see the “light of day” as Hera had decreed see the “light of day” as Hera had decreed no place the saw the “light of day” could no place the saw the “light of day” could have Leto give birth there.have Leto give birth there.

Leto and the TwinsLeto and the Twins

Apollo and Artemis kill TityusApollo and Artemis kill Tityus

Apollo’s function in Greek societyApollo’s function in Greek society

Prophesy, oral poet, represents Prophesy, oral poet, represents aristocracyaristocracy

Apollo and DelphiApollo and Delphi The Python of Delphi was a creature with the body of a snake which was The Python of Delphi was a creature with the body of a snake which was

dwelling on Mount Parnassus in central Greece. Wherever it went, it would dwelling on Mount Parnassus in central Greece. Wherever it went, it would diffuse obnoxious smell and spread mischief and death. diffuse obnoxious smell and spread mischief and death.

Python was once sent out by Python was once sent out by ZeusZeus’ wife ’ wife HeraHera to chase Leto, Zeus lover, to chase Leto, Zeus lover, when she became pregnant from him, so that she couldn’t settle anywhere when she became pregnant from him, so that she couldn’t settle anywhere to give birth. to give birth.

By the time Apollo was only 4 days old, he decided to take revenge and By the time Apollo was only 4 days old, he decided to take revenge and went to the creature’s cave Python to seek after him. At the moment the went to the creature’s cave Python to seek after him. At the moment the creature faced Apollo, it started boiling with rage and lunged at Apollo to creature faced Apollo, it started boiling with rage and lunged at Apollo to devour him. But Apollo was faster and managed to throw an arrow to devour him. But Apollo was faster and managed to throw an arrow to Python, piercing him right on its forehead. Python, piercing him right on its forehead.

Apollo and DelphiApollo and Delphi Python cried of terror and his screaming could be heard all Python cried of terror and his screaming could be heard all

over the canyons of Mount Parnassus. It struggled hard to over the canyons of Mount Parnassus. It struggled hard to survive but in the end it surrendered to death. survive but in the end it surrendered to death.

This filled Apollo with joy and he happily took his lyre and This filled Apollo with joy and he happily took his lyre and started playing a song of victory, giving joy to people all started playing a song of victory, giving joy to people all around. This was the moment Apollo became the god of the around. This was the moment Apollo became the god of the Music. Right after he finished his song, Apollo took the Music. Right after he finished his song, Apollo took the creature and buried it under the slopes of Mount creature and buried it under the slopes of Mount Parnassusl; on its surface he built the oracle of Delphi, also Parnassusl; on its surface he built the oracle of Delphi, also known as the "known as the "PythiaPythia". ".

However, Apollo had committed a crime and according to However, Apollo had committed a crime and according to the laws of Mount Olympus he had to be purified. So Zeus the laws of Mount Olympus he had to be purified. So Zeus ordered from Apollo to institute the Pythian Games at ordered from Apollo to institute the Pythian Games at Delphi so that host athletical and musical competitions Delphi so that host athletical and musical competitions could be hosted. So Apollo did and took part himself in the could be hosted. So Apollo did and took part himself in the games; from then on, the Pythian Games were being held games; from then on, the Pythian Games were being held every four years in Apollo’s honor . every four years in Apollo’s honor .

Apollo VS the DragonApollo VS the Dragon

More Apollo and the Python More Apollo and the Python Apollo's first achievement was to rid Pytho (Apollo's first achievement was to rid Pytho (DelphiDelphi) of the ) of the

serpent (or dragon) serpent (or dragon) PythonPython. This monstrous beast protected . This monstrous beast protected the sanctuary of Pytho from its lair beside the Castalian the sanctuary of Pytho from its lair beside the Castalian Spring. There it stood guard while the "Sibyl" gave out her Spring. There it stood guard while the "Sibyl" gave out her prophecies as she inhaled the trance inducing vapors from prophecies as she inhaled the trance inducing vapors from an open chasm. Apollo killed Python with his bow and an open chasm. Apollo killed Python with his bow and arrows (Homer wrote "he killed the fearsome dragon arrows (Homer wrote "he killed the fearsome dragon Python, piercing it with his darts"). Apollo not only took Python, piercing it with his darts"). Apollo not only took charge of the oracle but rid the neighboring countryside of charge of the oracle but rid the neighboring countryside of widespread destruction, as Python had destroyed crops, widespread destruction, as Python had destroyed crops, sacked villages and polluted streams and springs. sacked villages and polluted streams and springs.

Apollo and PythonApollo and Python However, to make amends for killing Python, as the However, to make amends for killing Python, as the

fearsome beast was the son of fearsome beast was the son of GaiaGaia, Apollo had to serve , Apollo had to serve king king AdmetusAdmetus for nine years (in some versions eight) as a for nine years (in some versions eight) as a cowherd. This he did, and when he returned to Pytho he cowherd. This he did, and when he returned to Pytho he came in the guise of a dolphin bringing with him priests came in the guise of a dolphin bringing with him priests from Crete (Apollo's cult title "Delphinios" meaning dolphin from Crete (Apollo's cult title "Delphinios" meaning dolphin or porpoise, is probably how Delphi was so named). After or porpoise, is probably how Delphi was so named). After killing Python and taking possession of the oracle, the god killing Python and taking possession of the oracle, the god of light (Phobus) became known as "Pythian Apollo". He of light (Phobus) became known as "Pythian Apollo". He dedicated a bronze tripod to the sanctuary and bestowed dedicated a bronze tripod to the sanctuary and bestowed divine powers on one of the priestesses, and she became divine powers on one of the priestesses, and she became known as the "Pythia". It was she who inhaled the known as the "Pythia". It was she who inhaled the hallucinating vapors from the fissure in the temple floor, hallucinating vapors from the fissure in the temple floor, while she sat on a tripod chewing laurel leaves. After she while she sat on a tripod chewing laurel leaves. After she mumbled her answer, a male priest would translate it for mumbled her answer, a male priest would translate it for the supplicant. Delphi became the most important oracle the supplicant. Delphi became the most important oracle center of Apollo, there were several including Clarus and center of Apollo, there were several including Clarus and Branchidae. Branchidae.

Apollo and ProphesyApollo and Prophesy

Oracle functioned under Apollo for over Oracle functioned under Apollo for over 1000 years1000 years

Pythia was a medium, meaning her body Pythia was a medium, meaning her body served as an instrument ofr divine served as an instrument ofr divine communicationcommunication

Pythia sat on bronze tripod in temple and Pythia sat on bronze tripod in temple and was possessed by god, question put to her was possessed by god, question put to her from male priest after sacrafice, she would from male priest after sacrafice, she would answer, priest would put in poetry for the answer, priest would put in poetry for the seekerseeker

DelphiDelphi

““Know Thyself”Know Thyself” ““Nothing too much”Nothing too much” Be self aware and everything done Be self aware and everything done

moderatelymoderately Encouraged restraint and Encouraged restraint and

cautiousnesscautiousness

DelphiDelphi

Apollo, the Far-Darter, God of Apollo, the Far-Darter, God of ProphecyProphecy

Acquired features of a sun godAcquired features of a sun god The god of male beautyThe god of male beauty Apollo’s list of failed romancesApollo’s list of failed romances

Apollo and CassandraApollo and Cassandra Cassandra was the most beautiful of the daughters of Cassandra was the most beautiful of the daughters of PriamPriam

and and HecubaHecuba, the king and queen of Troy. She was given the , the king and queen of Troy. She was given the gift of prophecy by gift of prophecy by ApolloApollo, who wished to seduce her; when , who wished to seduce her; when she accepted his gift but refused his sexual advances, he she accepted his gift but refused his sexual advances, he deprived her prophecies of the power to persuade. At the end deprived her prophecies of the power to persuade. At the end of the Trojan War, Cassandra foresaw the danger posed by of the Trojan War, Cassandra foresaw the danger posed by the the Trojan horseTrojan horse; the people of Troy ignored her warnings ; the people of Troy ignored her warnings and the Greek soldiers hiding inside the horse were able to and the Greek soldiers hiding inside the horse were able to capture the city. During the sack of Troy, Cassandra was capture the city. During the sack of Troy, Cassandra was raped by the Locrian (or "lesser") Ajax, and was then given as raped by the Locrian (or "lesser") Ajax, and was then given as a war prize to Agamemnon. She returned to Greece with a war prize to Agamemnon. She returned to Greece with Agamemnon, and tried to warn him of the danger which Agamemnon, and tried to warn him of the danger which awaited him there; once again her prophecy was ignored, awaited him there; once again her prophecy was ignored, and both she and Agamemnon were murdered by and both she and Agamemnon were murdered by Clytemnestra and Aegisthus. Clytemnestra and Aegisthus.

CassandraCassandra

Apollo and SibylApollo and Sibyl Ovid (Metamorphoses 14:130-153) tells how the Ovid (Metamorphoses 14:130-153) tells how the

Sibyl of Cumae, in southern Italy, was loved by Sibyl of Cumae, in southern Italy, was loved by Apollo.He bribed her by offering to prolong her Apollo.He bribed her by offering to prolong her life for as many years as there were grains in a life for as many years as there were grains in a heap of dust, in return for her embraces. She heap of dust, in return for her embraces. She refused him and although he kept his word, he refused him and although he kept his word, he denied her perpetual youth, so she was denied her perpetual youth, so she was commanded to centuries as a wizened crone. commanded to centuries as a wizened crone.

In the painting the Sibyl, a young woman is In the painting the Sibyl, a young woman is shown standing before the sitting Apollo holding shown standing before the sitting Apollo holding out her cupped hand which contains the heap of out her cupped hand which contains the heap of dust. dust.

Apollo and SibylApollo and Sibyl

SibylSibyl

Apollo and DaphneApollo and Daphne Daphne was Apollo's first love. It was not brought Daphne was Apollo's first love. It was not brought

about by accident, but by the malice of Eros. about by accident, but by the malice of Eros. Apollo saw the boy playing with his bow and Apollo saw the boy playing with his bow and arrows; and being himself elated by his recent arrows; and being himself elated by his recent victory over Python, he said to him, "What have victory over Python, he said to him, "What have you to do with warlike weapons, saucy boy? you to do with warlike weapons, saucy boy? Leave them for hands worthy of them. Behold the Leave them for hands worthy of them. Behold the conquest I have won by means of them over the conquest I have won by means of them over the vast serpent who stretched his poisonous body vast serpent who stretched his poisonous body over acres of plain! Be content with your torch, over acres of plain! Be content with your torch, child, and kindle up your flames, as you call child, and kindle up your flames, as you call them, where you will, but presume not to meddle them, where you will, but presume not to meddle with my weapons." with my weapons."

Apollo and DaphneApollo and Daphne Aphrodite's boy heard these words and rejoined, "Your arrows may Aphrodite's boy heard these words and rejoined, "Your arrows may

strike all things else, Apollo, but mine shall strike you." So saying, strike all things else, Apollo, but mine shall strike you." So saying, he took his stand on a rock of Parnassus and drew from his quiver he took his stand on a rock of Parnassus and drew from his quiver two arrows of a different workmanship, one to excite love, the two arrows of a different workmanship, one to excite love, the other to repel it. The former was of gold and sharp pointed, the other to repel it. The former was of gold and sharp pointed, the latter blunt and tipped with lead. With the leaden shaft he struck latter blunt and tipped with lead. With the leaden shaft he struck the nymph Daphne, the daughter of the river god Peneus, and the nymph Daphne, the daughter of the river god Peneus, and with the golden one Apollo, through the heart. Forthwith the god with the golden one Apollo, through the heart. Forthwith the god was seized with love for the maiden, and she abhorred the was seized with love for the maiden, and she abhorred the thought of loving. Her delight was in woodland sports and the thought of loving. Her delight was in woodland sports and the spoils of the chase. Many lovers sought her, but she spurned them spoils of the chase. Many lovers sought her, but she spurned them all, ranging the woods, and taking no thought of Eros nor of all, ranging the woods, and taking no thought of Eros nor of Hymen. Her father often said to her, "Daughter, you owe me a Hymen. Her father often said to her, "Daughter, you owe me a son-in-law; you owe me grandchildren." She, hating the thought of son-in-law; you owe me grandchildren." She, hating the thought of marriage as a crime, with her beautiful face tinged all over with marriage as a crime, with her beautiful face tinged all over with blushes, threw her arms around her father's neck and said, blushes, threw her arms around her father's neck and said, "Dearest father, grant me this favor, that I may always remain "Dearest father, grant me this favor, that I may always remain unmarried, like Artemis." He consented, but at the same time said, unmarried, like Artemis." He consented, but at the same time said, "Your own face will forbid it." "Your own face will forbid it."

Apollo and DaphneApollo and Daphne

Apollo loved her and longed to obtain her; and he who gives oracles to all Apollo loved her and longed to obtain her; and he who gives oracles to all the world was not wise enough to look into his own fortunes. He saw her the world was not wise enough to look into his own fortunes. He saw her hair flung loose over her shoulders and said, "If so charming in disorder, hair flung loose over her shoulders and said, "If so charming in disorder, what would it be if arranged?" He saw her eyes bright as stars; he saw her what would it be if arranged?" He saw her eyes bright as stars; he saw her lips, and was not satisfied with only seeing them. He admired her hands lips, and was not satisfied with only seeing them. He admired her hands and arms, naked to the shoulder, and whatever was hidden from view he and arms, naked to the shoulder, and whatever was hidden from view he imagined more beautiful still. He followed her; she fled, swifter than the imagined more beautiful still. He followed her; she fled, swifter than the wind, and delayed not a moment at his entreaties. "Stay", said he, wind, and delayed not a moment at his entreaties. "Stay", said he, "daughter of Peneus; I am not a foe. Do not fly me as a lamb flies the wolf, "daughter of Peneus; I am not a foe. Do not fly me as a lamb flies the wolf, or a dove the hawk. It is for love I pursue you. You make me miserable, for or a dove the hawk. It is for love I pursue you. You make me miserable, for fear that you should fall and hurt yourself on these stones, and I should be fear that you should fall and hurt yourself on these stones, and I should be the cause. Pray run slower, and I will follow slower. I am no clown, no rude the cause. Pray run slower, and I will follow slower. I am no clown, no rude peasant. Zeus is my father, and I am lord of Delphos and Tenedos, and peasant. Zeus is my father, and I am lord of Delphos and Tenedos, and know all things, present and future. I am the god of song and the lyre. My know all things, present and future. I am the god of song and the lyre. My arrows fly true to the mark; but alas! an arrow more fatal than mine has arrows fly true to the mark; but alas! an arrow more fatal than mine has pierced my heart! I am the god of medicine, and know the virtue of all pierced my heart! I am the god of medicine, and know the virtue of all healing plants. Alas! I suffer a malady that no balm can cure!" healing plants. Alas! I suffer a malady that no balm can cure!"

Apollo and DaphneApollo and Daphne The nymph continued her flight and left The nymph continued her flight and left

his plea half uttered. And even as she fled his plea half uttered. And even as she fled she charmed him. The wind blew loose her she charmed him. The wind blew loose her garments, and her unbound hair streamed garments, and her unbound hair streamed loose behind her. The god grew impatient loose behind her. The god grew impatient to find his wooings thrown away, and, to find his wooings thrown away, and, sped by Eros, gained upon her in the race. sped by Eros, gained upon her in the race. It was like a hound pursuing a hare, with It was like a hound pursuing a hare, with open jaws ready to seize, while the feebler open jaws ready to seize, while the feebler animal darts forward, slipping from the animal darts forward, slipping from the very grasp. very grasp.

Apollo and DaphneApollo and Daphne So flew the god and the virgin - he on the wings of love and she on So flew the god and the virgin - he on the wings of love and she on

those of fear. The pursuer is the more rapid, however, and gains upon those of fear. The pursuer is the more rapid, however, and gains upon her, and his panting breath blows upon her hair. Her strength begins her, and his panting breath blows upon her hair. Her strength begins to fail, and, ready to sink, she calls upon her father, the river god: to fail, and, ready to sink, she calls upon her father, the river god: "Help me, Peneus! Open the earth to enclose me, or change my form, "Help me, Peneus! Open the earth to enclose me, or change my form, which has brought me into this danger!" Scarcely had she spoken, which has brought me into this danger!" Scarcely had she spoken, when a stiffness seized all her limbs; her bosom began to be enclosed when a stiffness seized all her limbs; her bosom began to be enclosed in a tender bark; her hair became leaves; her arms became branches; in a tender bark; her hair became leaves; her arms became branches; her foot stuck fast in the ground, as a root; her face became a her foot stuck fast in the ground, as a root; her face became a treetop, retaining nothing of its former self but its beauty. Apollo treetop, retaining nothing of its former self but its beauty. Apollo stood amazed. He touched the stem, and felt the flesh tremble under stood amazed. He touched the stem, and felt the flesh tremble under the new bark. He embraced the branches and lavished kisses on the the new bark. He embraced the branches and lavished kisses on the wood. The branches shrank from his lips. "Since you cannot be my wood. The branches shrank from his lips. "Since you cannot be my wife," said he, "you shall assuredly be my tree. I will wear you for my wife," said he, "you shall assuredly be my tree. I will wear you for my crown. I will decorate you with my harp and quiver; and when the crown. I will decorate you with my harp and quiver; and when the great Roman conquerors lead up the triumphal pomp to the Capitol, great Roman conquerors lead up the triumphal pomp to the Capitol, you shall be woven into wreaths for their brows. And, as eternal youth you shall be woven into wreaths for their brows. And, as eternal youth is mine, you also shall be always green, and your leaf know no is mine, you also shall be always green, and your leaf know no decay." The nymph, now changed into a laurel tree, bowed its head in decay." The nymph, now changed into a laurel tree, bowed its head in grateful acknowledgement. grateful acknowledgement.

Apollo and DaphneApollo and Daphne

Apollo and DaphneApollo and Daphne

Apollo and CoronisApollo and Coronis In Greek mythology, Asklepios (Asclepius) was In Greek mythology, Asklepios (Asclepius) was

the god of healing. He was the son of the the god of healing. He was the son of the Olympian god Apollo and a mortal woman named Olympian god Apollo and a mortal woman named Coronis. There is a legend surrounding the birth Coronis. There is a legend surrounding the birth of Asklepios. According to some ancient sources, of Asklepios. According to some ancient sources, Apollo's twin sister Artemis caught the pregnant Apollo's twin sister Artemis caught the pregnant Coronis having an affair with another man. Coronis having an affair with another man. Artemis punished the betrayal of her brother by Artemis punished the betrayal of her brother by killing the woman, but either Hermes or Apollo killing the woman, but either Hermes or Apollo rescued the unborn child. As an infant, Asklepios rescued the unborn child. As an infant, Asklepios was sent to live with the wise centaur Chiron, and was sent to live with the wise centaur Chiron, and in time it was Chiron who taught Asklepios the art in time it was Chiron who taught Asklepios the art of medicine and healing. of medicine and healing.

Apollo and CoronisApollo and Coronis

Adultery-Adultery- Woman killed “deservedly”Woman killed “deservedly” men left to do as he pleasedmen left to do as he pleased death seems a harsh punishmentdeath seems a harsh punishment

Apollo slaying CoronisApollo slaying Coronis

Apollo and MarpessaApollo and Marpessa

Another women Apollo chased to no avail Another women Apollo chased to no avail was Marpessa, who was engaged to Idas, was Marpessa, who was engaged to Idas, son of Poseidon. Apollo and Idas fought son of Poseidon. Apollo and Idas fought over Marpessa, so Zeus had to step in to over Marpessa, so Zeus had to step in to put a stop to it. To settle the fight, Zeus put a stop to it. To settle the fight, Zeus allowed Marpessa to choose her mate. allowed Marpessa to choose her mate. Marpessa chose Ida, figuring that since Marpessa chose Ida, figuring that since Apollo was a god, he would most likely tire Apollo was a god, he would most likely tire of her. She reasoned that since Ida was a of her. She reasoned that since Ida was a mortal he would be more likely to remain mortal he would be more likely to remain with her.with her.

Apollo and MarpessaApollo and Marpessa

Apollo and HyacinthusApollo and Hyacinthus Hyacinthus was the son of the muse Clio and the King of Hyacinthus was the son of the muse Clio and the King of

Macedonia Pierus.Macedonia Pierus.He was considered to be the partner both the Greek god He was considered to be the partner both the Greek god Apollo and Zephyrus, the god of the winds; those two Apollo and Zephyrus, the god of the winds; those two deities were competing each other who will gain the favor deities were competing each other who will gain the favor of the handsome young man. of the handsome young man.

One day, Apollo was teaching Hyacinth how to throw the One day, Apollo was teaching Hyacinth how to throw the discus and, on his striving to impress his lover, Apollo threw discus and, on his striving to impress his lover, Apollo threw the discus with all his force. Immediately, Hyacinth tried to the discus with all his force. Immediately, Hyacinth tried to run after the discus, but was unfortunate enough to get run after the discus, but was unfortunate enough to get struck by it and injure himself severely! struck by it and injure himself severely!

Despite Apollo's effort to save the young man's life with Despite Apollo's effort to save the young man's life with herbs, in the end the young man passed away. From the herbs, in the end the young man passed away. From the blood that was shed, Apollo created a beautiful flower, each blood that was shed, Apollo created a beautiful flower, each petal of which had the letters "AI" inscribed- they were petal of which had the letters "AI" inscribed- they were symbolizing Apollo's painful cry...symbolizing Apollo's painful cry...

Apollo and HyacinthusApollo and Hyacinthus

Apollo, the Far-Darter, God of Apollo, the Far-Darter, God of ProphecyProphecy

CassandraCassandra Sibyl of Cumae (like Tithonus): “As Sibyl of Cumae (like Tithonus): “As

many years as grains of sand she many years as grains of sand she could scoop up in her hands.”could scoop up in her hands.”

Daphnê (laurel tree)Daphnê (laurel tree) MarpessaMarpessa HyacinthHyacinth

Apollo and InspirationApollo and Inspiration

Male seers saw hidden meanings Male seers saw hidden meanings behind appearances and could heal behind appearances and could heal the sickthe sick

Females were mediums and their Females were mediums and their bodies were taken possession of bodies were taken possession of either willingly or against their will, either willingly or against their will, loss of consciousnessloss of consciousness

ApolloApollo

embodied order against barbarism embodied order against barbarism and reason against irrationaland reason against irrational

connected to shamans or medicine connected to shamans or medicine men because he is a healer and men because he is a healer and prophetprophet

Next Time Next Time

HephaestusHephaestus

AresAres

HermesHermes