chapter two basic components and electric circuits

Chapter 2 Basic Components and Electric Circuits

Engineering Circuit Analysis Sixth Edition

W.H. Hayt, Jr., J.E. Kemmerly, S.M. Durbin

Copyright © 2002 McGraw-Hill, Inc. All Rights Reserved.

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Fig. 2.1 “Charge flowing through a wire…”

Figs. 2.5 and 2.6 Current labeling conventions

Figs. 2.9 and 2.10 Voltage labeling conventions

Fig. 2.12 “The power absorbed by the element is…”

Figs. 2.16 - 2.18 Circuit symbols for various sources

Fig. 2.19 Circuit for Example 2.2

Fig. 2.20 Circuit for Practice Problem 2.20

Fig. 2.23 Ohm’s Law

W.H. Hayt, Jr., J.E. Kemmerly, S.M. Durbin, Engineering Circuit Analysis, Sixth Edition.

Copyright ©2002 McGraw-Hill. All rights reserved.

The SI unit of charge is the coulomb (C).

Current is the rate of flow of charge past a point.

The SI unit of current is the ampere (A) or informally amp.

One ampere is one coulomb per second.



Two different methods of labeling the same current.

(a,b) Incomplete, improper, and incorrect definitions of a current. (c) the correct definition of i1(t).

VoltageVoltage is a measure of the amount of energy required to move

a quantity of charge from one point in a circuit to another. If

the expenditure of one joule of energy is required to move one

coulomb of charge from point A in a circuit to point B, then

point A is one volt higher in voltage than point B. The unit of

voltage is the volt (V) and one volt is one joule per coulomb.



(a, b) These are inadequate definitions of a voltage. (c) A correct definition includes both a symbol for the variable and a plus-minus symbol pair.

(a, b) Terminal B is 5 V positive with respect to terminal A; (c,d) terminal A is 5 V positive with respect to terminal B.



If the current arrow is directed into the “ +” marked terminal of an element, then p = vi yields the absorbed power. A negative value indicates that power is actually being generated by the element.

If the current arrow is directed out of the “ +” terminal of an element, then p = vi yields the supplied power. A negative value in this case indicates that power is actually being absorbed instead of generated.



Symbol for: (a) DC voltage source; (b) battery; (c) ac voltage source.

Symbol for an independent current source.

The four different types of dependent sources:(a) current-controlled current source;(b) voltage-controlled current source;(c) voltage-controlled voltage source;(d) current-controlled voltage source.



In the circuit below ,if v2 is known to be 3 V, find vL .

Find the power absorbed by each element in the circuit below.





v = i R

or

i = R

v

Ohm’s Law

R is resistance to current flow. A higher resistance means more

power (higher voltage) is required to cause a given current to flow.

The unit of resistance is the ohm Ω( ) and one ohm is one volt per amp. R=V / IG is conductance. A higher conductance means less power (lower voltage) is required to cause a given current to flow. The unit of conductance is the

siemen S( ). One siemen is one amp per volt. The conductance of a circuitelement is the reciprocal of the resistance of that element. G=I /V =1/ R

chapter two basic components and electric circuits

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