chapter two the planting of english america
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Chapter Two The Planting of English America. AP U.S. History. Types of Colonies. proprietary colonies - land grants given to individuals or small groups charter colonies - land grants (or charters) given to private companies - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Chapter TwoThe Planting of English America
AP U.S. History
Types of Colonies
• proprietary colonies - land grants given to individuals or small groups
• charter colonies - land grants (or charters) given to private companies
• royal colonies - Crown had complete control over governmental actions (they appointed the govenor and the council)
• Often chartered colonies became royal colonies after their charter was revoked.
England’s Imperial Stirrings
• Queen Elizabeth • Puritanism increases• Competition with Spain – Protestant England vs. Catholic Spain
Elizabeth Energizes England
• Sir Frances Drake – pirated Spanish ships• Sir Humphrey Gilbert/Sir Walter Raleigh - Roanoke• Defeat of Spanish Armada – naval dominance over Atlantic• England on eve of colonizing:– Strong unified nation under popular monarch– Religious unity– Strong nationalism
England on the Eve of Empire
• Overpopulation, unemployment• Land practice (primogeniture) • Joint Stock company – financial means
England Plants the Jamestown Seedling
• King – James• VA Co. of London• GOLD!!!! No• Food?? No• John Smith• Powhatan• 1609 – 1610 – Starving Time - 60 0f 400 survived
Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake
• Declaration of War against Indians• 2 Anglo-Powhatan Wars – Results?– Indians gone, colonists move West– VA co. bankrupt, lost charter, becomes royal
charter
• Diseases – destroyed cultures, traditions• Competition increased among groups for
European goods
Virginia: Child of Tobacco• John Rolfe• Basis of economy – “Colony built on smoke”• Plantations/rivers• Dutch – 20 slaves• Indentured servants• House of Burgesses – 1619 – first colonial parliament
Maryland: Catholic Haven
• Lord Baltimore• Proprietary Colony• Safe Haven for Catholics, but…• Act of Religious Tolerance - 1649 - Catholics sought to protect their faith by granting a certain degree of
religious freedom.
The West Indies: Way Station…
• Sugar Cane – expensive• dependent on slave labor - slaves outnumbered whites 4:1• Barbados Code• As sugar plantations began to crowd out small farmers, many came to
Carolina with their slaves to farm.
Colonizing the Carolinas
• Goal – grow food for Barbados• Rice – required hard labor – slaves• Slave Codes• Charlestown• North Carolina – VA’s “trash” 1712
Georgia
• James Oglethorpe• Buffer between Carolina/Spanish
Florida/French Louisiana• Savannah• Debtors
Questions
• What did England and the English settlers really want from colonization? Did they get what they wanted?
• How did the reliance on plantation agriculture affect the southern colonies?