chapter#15
TRANSCRIPT
DIGITAL COMPUTER ELECTRONICSThird Edition
By Malvino - Brown
Chapter 15SYSTEM OVERVIEW
PART 3
PROGRAMMING POPULARMICROPROCESSOR
In this Chapter you will learn
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Memory
Addressing
Address Bus
Data Bus
Addressing Range
MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE
Accumulator
General Purpose Register
Program Counter/ Instruction Pointer
Index Register
Status Register
Stack and Stack Pointer
Width of Register
8-bit Register
16-bit Register
SPECIFIC MICROPROCESSOR FAMILIES
6502 Family
Accumulator
General Purpose Register
Program Counter
Index Register
Status Register
Stack and Stack Pointer
Complete Model
6800/6808 Family
Accumulator
General Purpose Register
Program Counter
Index Register
Condition Code Register
Stack and Stack Pointer
Complete Model
SPECIFIC MICROPROCESSOR FAMILIES
8080/8085/Z80 Family
Accumulator
General Purpose Register
Program Counter
Index Register
Status Register
Stack and Stack Pointer
Complete Model
8086/8088 Family
Accumulator
General Purpose Register
Instruction Pointer
Index Register
Stack and Stack Pointer
Segment Register
Complete Model
In this Chapter you will learn
COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE Memory: RAM-> data & instruction which can be lost after power is removed
ROM-> data & instruction which can never be lost even if the power is turned off
Addressing: Since there are many locations, it is necessary to have a means of referring to specific locations this is done through addressing
Numbered from 0000 to max value
This sequential no. is called Address just like as our home address
Each memory location has an address
and contents
Address Bus: Usually the memory locations are in a memory chip rather than in the microprocessor. The microprocessor needs a way to tell the memory chip which memory location it want to put data into or take the data from.
Data Bus: Once the microprocessor has specified which memory location or device it wants to put data into or take data from, it then needs a set of electrical paths for this information to travel on. This set of paths is called the data bus
Addressing Range:
MICROPROCESSOR ARCHITECTURE Accumulator: It is the storage place or register which often has its contents altered In
some way FOR EXAMPLE: we can add the contents of the accumulator to the content of a memory location. Usually the
result of an operation is also placed in the accumulator
General Purpose Register: It is a special type of register. They are temporary storage location It differs from the accumulator in that operation involving two pieces of data are usually not performed in them with the result going back into register itself, as in the case of the accumulator
Program Counter/ Instruction Counter: It is a very special register whose only job is to keep track of the location of the next instruction which the microprocessor will use
Index Register: It is normally used as an aid in accessing data in tables stored in memory. The index register can be incremented or decremented by 1 but normally does not have other arithmetic or logical capabilities
Status Register: It is sometimes called Condition Code/ Flag Register
Overflow flag ,Half Carry, Carry Negative, Zero, Interrupt flages
