Chapters 15 & 16

If you could live anywhere on earth, where would you want to live and why?

What determines the different zones or areas on earth?

Climate – long term pattern of weather conditions in a region

Is determined by:a. Temperatureb. Amount of precipitation

6 Major Land Biomes

BiomeAverage

Temperature Range

Average Precipitation Major Animal Major Plantlife

Tropical Rain

Forest

Consistent warmth Abundant

Birds, small reptiles, frog,

insectsLush forests

GrasslandsHot summers, cold winters

Dry summers, snowy winters

Rabbits, rodents, bison, anteolope,

insectsGrasses

Desert Hot!! Always HOT!! Snakes, insects, nocturnal animals Cacti

Temperate Deciduous

Forest

Warm summers, cold winters

Rainy, snowy seasons

Deer, squirrel, birds, bear

Deciduous trees like oaks

TaigaShort, warm

summers and long cold winters

Wet spring and snowy winters Moose Conifers like pines

and spruce

TundraFreezing winters with basically no

summerVery little "A frozen desert"

Polar bear, arctic fox, lemmings

Short needled low brush and moss

Tropical Rain Forest

Grasslands

Desert

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Taiga

Tundra

Name that biome!!

1. Cold and very little precipitation 2. Plenty of rainfall and evenly hot3. Very little rainfall and hot days4. 4 seasons with moderate precipitation and

temperatures5. Cooler temps with long winters and plenty of

precipitation6. Hot summers, cool winters and not a lot of

precipitation

TUNDRATROPICAL RAIN FOREST

DESERT

TEMPERATE DECIDIOUS FOREST

TAIGA

GRASSLANDS

7. Contains many broadleaf trees like oaks and maples

8. Has basically conifer trees like pines, spruces and fir trees

9. A canopy of plants are all over & it is difficult to get through

10. Bring on the ice sleighs!! 11. Don’t forget your sunscreen here12. Most of Canada

TEMPERATE DECIDIOUS FOREST

TAIGA

TROPICAL RAIN FORESTTUNDRA

DESERT

TAIGA

Climatograms – Shows Temperature and PrecipitationGrasslands

Tropical Rain ForestDesert

Tundra

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Taiga

Ocean Zones• Intertidal– Area between high and low

tides • Neritic– Intertidal zone to continental

shelf• Photic– Area where light can penetrate

down into• Benthic– Continental shelf to abyss

• Abyssal– > 2000 meters deep and dark!!

Estuaries• Where freshwater river and salt water mix.– San Francisco– Chesapeake– Everglades of Florida– Great species diversity and productivity.

Contains numerous phytoplankton and zooplankton to feed the fish and crustaceans

What is the difference between a renewable and nonrenewable resouces?

1. Renewable resource– Can replenish itself• Light – Solar power• Wind – Wind turbines• Water – Hydroelectric power

2. Nonrenewable resource– Used up faster than they are

formed. Use 77 million barrels/day of goil• Oil• Coal• Natural gas & gas• Fish• Animals• Plants

How do humans influence the abiotic factors in an ecosystem?

Pollution• Any undesirable factor that is added to the air, soil,

or water– Smog• Air pollution caused by light interacting with fossil fuel

emissions• Causes less light to penetrate therefore less photosynthesis• Asthma problems

Acid Rain

• Type of precipitation produced when pollutants in the water cycle cause the rain pH to drop below normal levels (5.6)

• Caused by factories releasing Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and Nitrous oxide (NOx)

• Rain falls down at pH’s of as low as 4

• Nitric acid and sulfuric acid• Acid rain pours down and

destroys plants and structures

Ozone DepletionThe Ozone (O3) layer

protects earth from solar radiation

• CFC’s have broken down parts of the ozone layer

Greenhouse Effect

Examine the graph showing global temperature and CO2 in the atmosphere. What trend do you notice?

As the amount of CO2 increased, global temp increased also.

What is your prediction for the future?

What causes the Greenhouse Effect?• Some of the sun’s heat is absorbed by

atmospheric gases such as CO2, CH4 and H2O• Raises earth’s overall temperature – Global

warming

What happens if chemicals like DDT, mercury or PCB’s are dumped into water?

• The toxins mentioned are fat soluble so they remain in the cell’s cell membrane.– The producers absorb and

store the toxin– Primary consumers eat the

producers and take in the toxin

– As you go up in the food chain, more and more of the toxin ends up in the upper levels of the food chain

Biomagnification

Biomagnification