CHAPTERS 20, 21 & 22JAPAN REVIEW

DEFINE: CULTURAL DIFFUSION

The spread of culture from one society to another

CULTURAL DIFFUSION

WHAT WAS PRINCE SHOTOKU KNOWN FOR?

He aided in reforms of Japanese government by introducing ideas from China on the supreme role of emperor; centralized government, civil service exams (bureaucracy). This wreaked the role of Ujjis or clans.

DEFINE: DIAMYO, SHOGUN & SAMURAI

Daimyo: Lords who the Samurai served

Shogun: military leader of the Samurai; rose to power in the 12 th century

Samurai: warriors; a warrior class of society that dominated Japan from the 12 th century until 1860’s; used swords and bow; highly valued personal honor

DEFINE: GOLDEN AGE

No wars; often a time of peaceSurplus of food Increase standard of livingSpecialization of goods and the artsFlourishing of the arts

GOLDEN AGE

What was the Samurai’s code called and what did it emphasize?

Loyalty and respect for Daimyo and personal honor; very strict.

BUSHIDO

What is the importance of the Fujiwara Family?

Family was advisors to the emperor during the Heian-Kyo Period.

* advised the emperor* married in their daughters* often ruled by manipulating the emperors* when in “power” 200 years of stability and peace

WHAT IS SHINTOISM

Traditional Religion of JapanEmphasis on NatureCo-existed with Buddhism in JapanUsed in traditional marriage celebrations

SHINTO

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF BUDDHISM?

AMIDAZEN

Which form of Buddhism tells its followers that to reach enlightenment they need the mercy of the Buddha, should pray with his name daily, and will enter the Pure Land after death?

AMIDA

How did ZEN Buddhism influence Samurai culture?

Its focus on self-reliance and discipline helped the Samurai follow the Bushido code.

HOW WERE THE CAPITALS OF CHINA AND JAPAN SIMILAR

NARA (Japan) was on a checkerboard grid, had a temples near the palace and had a long central boulevard, similar to Chang’an in Japan.

WHY DID HEIAN KYO FALL???

Tensions between the rich and poor classesNot enough tax base income to fund the courtCorruption and giving away of tax free land by

emperorBandits that made the countryside unsafe

What is the difference between Kanji and Kana?

Kanji was form of Chinese writing the Japan adopted. Kana refers to the letter that were borrowed.

What example of art can you find from the Heian Kyo Period?

Women Writers: Tale of Gengi, Pillow BookTanka: Poetry using syllables similar to HaikuTea CeremoniesSimple architecture: simplicity was considered

beautiful

WHAT WAS CONSIDERED BEAUTIFUL IN THE IMPERIAL

COURT?

Black teethLong hairWhite powdered skinPointy beardsPerfumes

WHAT FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT EXISTED IN THE IMPERIAL COURT?

Poetry was used in daily life; tankaTea ceremoniesWriting and novels ( Tale of the Genghi; Pillow Book)

What happened between the 12th and 18th Centuries between the Shogun, Daimyos and Samurai?

Depends; initially in the 12th century Shoguns had the power, then the daimyos grew more powerful, created independent kingdoms and began fighting for power. In later years a powerful Shogun re-emerged as the power until the 1860’s