character & dissimilarity matrices
DESCRIPTION
Character & Dissimilarity Matrices. Protist Diversity Wrap-Up. Make sure you know how to build a phylogentic tree of the protists Are plastids homologous or analogous? Put the supergroup and subgroup of each protist examined on your tree. Lab 3: Animal Diversity. Lab Goals. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Character & Dissimilarity MatricesCharacter Unicorn Griffin Pegasus Phoenix CentaurFeathers 0 1 0 1 1Fur 1 1 1 0 1Wings 0 1 0 1 1Hooves 1 0 1 0 1Talons 0 1 0 1 0Horns 1 0 0 0 0Beak 0 1 0 1 0
Unicorn griffin pegasus phoenix centaurUnicorn 0 6 1 7 3
Griffin 0 5 1 3
Pegasus 0 6 2
Phoenix 0 4
Centaur 0
![Page 2: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Protist Diversity Wrap-Up• Make sure you know how to build a
phylogentic tree of the protists– Are plastids homologous or analogous?
• Put the supergroup and subgroup of each protist examined on your tree
![Page 3: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Lab 3: Animal Diversity
![Page 4: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Lab Goals• Recognize the major phyla of animals• Understand the developmental
characters that distinguish the different groups and how these can inform our understanding of evolution (chart on pg. 49)
• More practice with phylogenetic trees!!!!
![Page 5: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fig. 32-1
![Page 6: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
What are animals?• Eukaryotic• Heterotrophic• Multicellular• Diploid• Are motile at some stage
![Page 7: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
You are here
![Page 8: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Some Terminology….
Symmetry: pattern of body organization– Asymmetry– Radial
symmetry– Bilateral
symmetry
![Page 9: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Why is embryonic development important in our understanding of evolution?
• Evolutionary Developmental Biology (“Evo-Devo”)– Comparisons of
developmental characters in different organisms can often reveal ancestral relationships
– Excellent characters for use in building phylogenies
Ernst Haeckel 1892
![Page 10: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
DiploblasticDiploblastic
Tissues• Parazoa-no tissue differentiation• Eumetazoa-has true tissues
– Diploblastic—two cell layers– Triploblastic—three cell layers
Diploblastic Triploblastic
![Page 11: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Diploblastic Development
![Page 12: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Triploblastic DevelopmentProtostomes (“mouth
first”)
Deuterostomes (“mouth second”)
Blastopore=mouth
Blastopore=anus
![Page 13: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Videos• Development of the Blastula• Gastrulation
![Page 14: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Triploblastic AnimalsHave one or two body
cavities:1) Archenteron = gut2) May also have either
a:• Pseudocoelom
exterior lined by mesoderm, interior lined by endoderm
• Coelom cavity completely lined with mesoderm
archenteron
coelom
![Page 15: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Acoelomate Psuedocoelomate Coelomate
![Page 16: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Protostomes: Two Clades• Lophotrochozoa
– Fun to say!– Trochophore larvae– Lophophore
• Used for filter feeding
• Ecdysozoa– Shed an external
cuticle or exoskeleton
– Why is this done??
![Page 17: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Flow ChartTrue Tissues?
Parazoa Eumetazoa
yesno
Number of Germ Layers?
two three
Diploblastic Triploblastic
Fate of blastopore?
mouth anus
Protostome Deuterostome
Which clade?
Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa
Trochophore larvae or lochophore(or neither) ?
Asymmetry
Radial symmetry
Bilateral symmetry
Acoelomate, Pseudocoelem, or Coelem Coelom
![Page 18: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Today’s Lab• Work through all stations (use
flowchart!)• Examine organisms in tank• Complete lab report in class• Show me your tree!
![Page 19: Character & Dissimilarity Matrices](https://reader036.vdocuments.net/reader036/viewer/2022062501/568165a2550346895dd8814b/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Next Week• 20 pt quiz (protists and animals)
– you may use protist “cheat sheet”– All words on Table 3.3 in the Animal Diversity
lab will be in a word bank on the quiz (i.e. know the definition but don’t worry about spelling)
• Animal Lab Report DUE (animal lab is first one worth points!!)
• Read Pig Dissection Lab and BRING GLOVES