Characteristic and Structure of Fungi

BY

DARMA YELIZA PUTRA

1301467

PENDIDIKAN BIOLOGI

What is general characteristic of fungi? Achlorophillous (haven’t chlorophyle) Heterotrof Life as paracyte, saprofit, and can symbiosis Eukaryotik Thalus uniseluler dan ada yg multicellular

Uniseluler khamir / yeast ex : Saccharomyces Multiseluler kapang / molds/ hifa ex : Lepiota

Mengambil makanan dengan cara arbsorbsi Sel sel tidak berflagel, kecuali filum

chytridiomycota Tersebar luas di alam, tanah, vegetasi dan air

What is general characteristic of fungi?

Mampu membentuk spora Sifat : aerobik, non motil Tumbuh optimal pada pH 5,0 / t’ 25 °C Terdiri dari 4 divisi, such as ;

chytridiomycota, zygomycota, ascomycota, dan basidiomycota Glomeromycota, deuteromycota.

Tubuh disusun oleh benang –Benang yang disebut hifa. Hifa – hifa bersatu membentuk miselium. Ada pula yang miseliumnya berkembang membentuk tubuh buah.

What is general characteristic of fungi?Important

decomposers & recyclers of nutrients in the environment

Most are multicellular, except unicellular yeast

Lack true roots, stems or leaves

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MULTICELLULAR MUSHROOM

UNICELLULAR YEAST

Kapang / Mold

Bentuk : Filamentous

Hifa bentuk vegetatif dan fase pertumbuhan

- septa

- non septa

Miselium kumpulan hifa membentuk jalinan /

interwined

Spora : - spora aseksual

- spora seksual

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Khamir / Yeast

Uniseluler

Sel berbentuk oval / bulat, ø 3 – 5 µm

Beberapa membentuk pseudohifa

rantai sel irreguler

Beberapa bersifat dimorfik

- pada suhu ruang : bentuk hifa

- pada suhu 37 °C : bentuk khamir

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The Characteristics of Fungi

Cell walls are made of chitin (complex polysaccharide)

Body is called the Thallus

Grow as microscopic tubes or filaments called hyphae

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The Characteristics of Fungi

Some are edible, while others are poisonous

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EDIBLE POISONOUS

The Characteristics of Fungi

Produce both sexual and asexual spores

Classified by their sexual reproductive structures

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Spores come in various

shapes

Berbentuk Payung

Berbentuk bulat

Berbentuk kuping

Anggota Fungi mendapatkan nutrisi melalui 3 cara :

1. Saprofit.

Menguraikan sisa bagian makhluk hidup yang sudah mati.

2. Parasit.

Mengambil nutrisi dari makhluk yang masih hidup.

Hidup bersama makhluk hidup lainnya.

3. Simbiosis.

Jamur Parasit

Hifa

Cacing Nematoda Malang

Lichen, Simbiosis Jamur dengan Algae

How the structure of fungi?

Hyphae - network of thin thread-like structures that form the “body” of a fungus

• hyphae contain cytoplasm

• hyphae grow and branch until they cover and digest the food source (upon which the fungi is growing)

• Tubular shape• ONE continuous cell• Filled with cytoplasm & nuclei• Multinucleate• Hard cell wall of chitin also in insect

exoskeletons

hypha - singular

hyphae - plural

Hyphae

Stolons – horizontal hyphae that connect groups of hyphae to each other

Rhizoids – rootlike parts of hyphae that anchor the fungus

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STOLON

RHIZOIDS

Hyphae

Cross-walls called SEPTA may form compartments

Septa have pores for movement of cytoplasm

Form network called mycelia that run through the thallus (body)

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Modifications of hyphae

Fungi may be classified based on cell division (with or without cytokinesis)

Aseptate or coenocytic (without septa)

Septate (with septa)

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NO CROSS WALLS CROSS

WALLS

Hifa formHifa form

Modifications of hyphae19

HAUSTORIA – parasitic hyphae on plants & animals

Septate Hyphae

Coenocytic Hyphae

The Fungi KingdomParts of fungi:

Mycelium - a mass of hyphaemycelia - plural

•The mycelium is usually hidden in the soil, in wood, or another food source

• A mycelium may fill a single ant, or cover many acres