characterizing households and communities for africa rising
DESCRIPTION
Presented by Cleo Roberts, IFPRI at the Africa RISING–CSISA Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 11-13 November 2013TRANSCRIPT
Characterizing Households and Communities for Africa RISING
Cleo Roberts
Africa RISING–CSISA Joint Monitoring and Evaluation Meeting, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 11-13 November 2013
Identify household dynamics affecting technology adoption
Identify types of households vulnerable to poverty
Ensure the hard-to-reach are not missed
Why Characterize Households?
Ensure appropriate interventions for context
Identify challenges to adoption
Figure out how to overcome barriers
Why Characterize Communities?
Sustainable Intensification
Cereal Systems
Maize-legume-livestock Systems
Crop-livestock Systems
Sustainable agricultural intensification for:
Improved livelihoods
Better food security
Healthy environment
Africa RISING Goals
Monitoring
Information from the field
Feedback to implementers
Evaluation
Outcomes of the project
Design of future projects and M&E efforts
Africa RISING: M&E System
Panel surveys
Characterization survey
Endline after project completion
Two levels
Household survey
Community questionnaire (according to megasite-specific definitions)
Africa RISING: Evaluation
“Interdependent gathering, production, and post-harvest processes” to meet households’ nutritional, economic, and other needs (FAO 2001)
Can include:
Crop production
Livestock production
aquaculture
Farming Systems
Smith and Subandoro (2007)
Survey sections:
Cropping systems
Crop production
Crop inputs
Crop sales
Crop storage
Crop labor
Farming Systems, cont.
Livestock production
Livestock ownership
Livestock feed
Common Crop Combinations
Seasonal Cultivation
Defined as the “capabilities, assets (including both material and social resources) and activities required for a means of living.” (Chambers & Conway, 1991).
Livelihoods
Livelihoods and AgriculturePoverty Headcount Agricultural Engagement
84 - 9380 - 84
74 - 80
55 - 74
Livelihoods and Agriculture, cont.
Labor
Land
Cropping systems
Crop production
Crop inputs
Crop sales
Crop storage
Crop labor
Health
Livelihoods at the Household Level Livestock ownership
Livestock feed
Agriculture-related challenges and coping strategies
Other income sources
Credit
Housing
Food and non-food expenses
At the household level:
Expenditures are more reliable than income
Easier to recall than income
Use assets to estimate wealth
More stable over time
At the community level:
Infrastructure: Roads, clinics, and other public services
Measuring Poverty
Agricultural extension
Access to services/infrastructure
Community land
Livelihoods at the Community Level
Community demographics
Water, shocks, food-supply
Market prices
Three pillars:
Availability: Is there enough food?
Access: Do people have the resources to obtain food?
Use: Are people eating healthy combinations of foods?
Food Security
WHO (2013)
Health
Crop production
Livestock ownership
Welfare and subjective food security
Food Security at the Household Level
Food consumed inside the household
Anthropometry
Women of childbearing age
Children under 5 years old
Collect source, quantity and monetary value of foods consumed over a particular period
Necessary to standardize units of measurement
Include foods purchased, foods from own production, and in-kind payments
Record times of self-reported food scarcity
Take anthropometric measurements Identify stunting, wasting, and underweight children
Obtaining Measures of Food Security and Nutritional Status
Smith and Subandoro (2007)
Access to services
Water, shocks, and food
Food Security at the Community Level
Overview of Food Security: Malawi 2004-2005
Food InadequacyAcute Undernutrition
68
10
% o
f child
ren
.3.4
.5.6
% o
f ho
use
ho
lds
Septe
mbe
r08
Octob
er
Nov
embe
r
Dec
embe
r
Janu
ary0
9
Febru
ary
Mar
chApr
ilM
ay
June
July
Augus
t
month of interview
% of households % of children wasted
last month
self-assessed food inadequacy & child wasting
Higher educationbetter nutrition
01
02
03
04
05
0
% o
f child
ren
none primary secondary higher
by mother education
Child undernutrition indicators
stunting underweight wasting
01
02
03
04
05
0
% o
f child
ren
none primary secondary higher
by father education
Child undernutrition indicators
stunting underweight wasting
Crop inputs (conservation)
Crop inputs (seed)
Livestock feed
Natural Resource Management at the Household Level
Agricultural extension services
Land use
Agricultural extension services
Community land use
Water, shocks, and food
Natural Resource Management at the Community Level
Top Input Combinations
Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
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