Some considerations on using a different range of flexible

substrates – such as fibres,fabrics, non-woven or foams

Charles A BishopC.A.Bishop Consulting Ltd

www.cabuk1.co.uk

CONSULTING LTD

Options

Use a fine wire included in the twisted fibre bundle Wrap a fine wire around an existing fibre bundle

Coat a monofilament fibre & add to bundleCoat a multifilament fibre bundle

Coat a film – micro-slit & twist to make fibre/yarn

Use any of above to make a fabricDirectly coat a woven or non-woven fabric

Add fine wire to weave – e.g. sensors – switches - connections

Add coating to woven/non-woven fabric or foam – EMI/RFI screening

Directly coat woven/non-woven materials - Ag for medical dressingsDirectly coat woven materials – heat reflecting clothing

Hook: 1.8 Ohm per sqLoop: 1.4 Ohm per sq0.8 Ohm through mated closure

Expected cycle life: 5000 openings/closings

Woven electric fencing tape

substrate

aluminium metalised

Coloured laquer over metal

metalised film microslit Microslit film used as flat thread e.g. as in security

threads for banknotes

If microslit film is twisted it will form a

tight tube or thread/yarn that can be used for sewing of

weaving fabric

Coat film – micro-slit & twist - metallic yarn for sewing

Woven non-woven

The substrate may not be optically denseTo prevent coating the deposition drum a free span deposition process should be considered

Sidrabe

This is not new

Smith & Nephew - Acticoat

Controlled diffusion

Moisture from wound into dressing

Ag ions from dressing to wound

Cu on ripstop nylon

Cra

ck d

ensi

ty

crack onsetstrain(COS)

randomcracking

cracking or fragmentation

becomes saturatedcrack spacing

becomes small wrt2x critical length

Elongation or Strain %

improved coating adhesionmoves COS to higher values

Luminex Spa, Prato, Italy

Dr Tilas Dias. Univ Manchester

iSkinTouch Sensing:

(a) Overview of layers in a touch-sensitive iSkin; (b) sensing without touch contact; (c) projected capacitive sensing of slight touch events; (d) resistive sensing of firm touch events

This fabric touchpad was inspired by the properties of piezoresistive materials to measure both amount of pressure applied through the materials and increase of resistance across distance. It is made by layering piezoresistive material between two conductive layers and using the piezoresistive layer to alternatively measure position and pressure. Instructable >> http://www.instructables.com/id/EJKTF3WGV490JGK/

(doped polyprrol coated fibres)

Dr Tilas Dias Univ Manchester

Electrical properties of metal monofilaments fibers

(a) Twisted metal wire: The metal wire is twisted around the polymer yarn; (b) Metal coating: The polymer yarn is physically/chemically coated with a thin metal layer; (c) Metal fibers: The conductive yarn consists of metal multifilaments

Standard design of copper yarn twisted with

polyester fibers;

SEM image of the polypyrrole coated textile

(a) (b)

Wearable Electronics and Smart Textiles: A Critical Review Matteo Stoppa & Alessandro Chiolerio

Sensors 2014, 14, 11957-11992; doi:10.3390/s140711957

Teijin

Octa ™50% wtof solid

fibre

500 µm

1D

2D

500 µm

R. Xu et al. Extreme Mechanics Letters 1

(2014) 120–126

eg. ultrasoft silicone based adhesive

eg. Lycra

1D system stretched to elastic limit

Experimental and FEA results of a four-island chain

(a) mounted on a substrate with 30% prestrain

(b) after prestrain release

(c) stretched to the elastic limit. The colour denotes the maximum principal strain in metal.

The scale bars are 500 μm.

IMEC-Univ GentCMST Belgium

2013

Electronic devices with extending linking

connections deposited onto rigid substrate then

encapsulated with silicone or polyeurethane and transferred to fabric

laminated with pliable high adhesive

IMEC-UGent - Cmst 2013

Electronic devices with extending linking connections deposited onto rigid substrate then encapsulated with silicone or polyeurethane & transferred to fabric laminated with pliable high adhesive

Vacuum deposition through to

atmospheric deposition

Cooled drum

Protective film

Fabric

Heat transfer coefficient (HTC)between drum & film

HTC between film & fabric

NSN

Cooled deposition drum

unwind

rewind

Chillroll

Chillroll

NS

N

NS

N

Free span deposition

face to face opposingmagnetron sputtering

sources

Fibres may be opened up and then if it is passed through a

plasma the surface may be treated or a coating deposited

If the pressure is increased the mean-

free-path is shorter & the plasma can

penetrate into the centre of the bundle

fibres plasma

Forcespun PEO nanofibres

SEM image of Ag coated Nylon 6 forcespun nanofibers.

D. Mihut et al SVC 55th Ann. Tech Conf Proc, p 725

Schematic of Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) on fibres

PUMPS

Fibre

Gas 2 input

Buffer zone

Gas 1input

PUMPS

PUMPS

PUMPS

High pressure process –short mfp = greater coverage

Carpeting – clothing – shoe inserts – tyre reinforcement - energy harvesting / sensors

Development of Textiles for Electrical Energy

Generation and Storage(european FP7 project)

Hybrid Piezo Photovoltaic (HPP) films and fibres

Prof.Elias Siores - University Bolton, UKD. Vatansever et al. ‘Hybrid Photovoltaic-Piezoelectric Flexible Device for Energy Harvesting from Nature’ Adv. Sci. Technol. 2013, 77, 297-301

Gyu Cheol Yoona et al, KoreaNano Energy(2015) 12, 547–555

Thank you

Any questions?