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Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber PhD Mason Haber , PhD UNC Charlotte

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Page 1: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Charles Burgess, BSMason Haber  PhDMason Haber, PhD

UNC Charlotte

Page 2: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Transition Age Youth Youth with mental health conditions face resource related challenges in the transition to adulthood Essential areas in adult role functioning include: Essential areas in adult role functioning include:

Educational attainment EmploymentH i Housing

Finances Positive outcomes in these domains are strongly g yassociated with positive outcomes in later adult life

Role of informal or “natural” supports in providing resources and other assistance with these areas is crucialresources and other assistance with these areas is crucial

Clark & Unruh, 2009; Schoeni & Ross, 2005

Page 3: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Supportive Adults  Formal versus informal support

Formal – paid professionals Informal/natural  family  friends  etc Informal/natural – family, friends, etc.

Assistance can take many forms (e.g. material or emotional)

The receipt of informal support during transition is a normative experience for the majority of youth

H     th  ith  t l h lth  h ll   However, many youth with mental health challenges may have lost or never had dependable informal support

Developing this support may be critical to improving their outcomes

Davis & Vander Stoep, 1997; Munson & McMillen, 2006; Samuels, 2008

Page 4: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

The RENEW Model Rehabilitation for Empowerment, Natural Supports, Education, and Work A promising practice p o s g p act ce The RENEW model focuses on assisting transition rather than treating specific mental health symptoms

RENEW components include: RENEW components include: Futures Planning – helping youth envision and work toward a future through a future focused planT  D l t  t i     h i   th ’  Team Development – restoring or enhancing youths’ connections to supportive others

Informal support involvement in futures planning and  i   h i d        d    d teams is emphasized as a means and an end 

Page 5: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Study Objectives This study seeks to examine:

Whether or not youth enrolled in a RENEW program i   dditi l t t d i f l  tacquire additional trusted informal supports

Whether or not increases in numbers of supports are associated with better outcomes over time

Page 6: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Sample Participants were youth enrolled in a RENEW program in Charlotte,  45

50

program in Charlotte, NC Total sample was 46 youth

25

30

35

40

Female

Maleyouth 48% Female Age ranged from 15 to 21 0

5

10

15

20 Male

g g 5 Average age at baseline 

was 17.4 years (SD=1.24) Number of observations 

01 2 3 4 5 6

ranged from 1 to 6 

Page 7: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Assessment of Support andAssessment of Support and Outcome Variables Procedure:

Data was collected using the specialist‐rated Transition to Adulthood Program Information System Progress Tracker (TAPIS) (TAPIS) 

Completed at enrollment and quarterly follow‐ups Outcome measures:

l d “ bl ” h employment, education, engagement, “stable” housing, income

Support: Wh  d   h   h  i      “ d     hi /h  i   Who does the youth view as a “trusted mentor to him/her in the last 30 days, individuals who provide substantial tangible, informational, and/or emotional support”?

# formal  # informal  # overall # formal, # informal, # overall

Haber & Clark, 2008

Page 8: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Hypotheses1) Time in RENEW program will be associated with 

increased numbers of supports)  i   b   f    ill b   i d 2) Increases in numbers of supports will be associated 

with increased likelihood of… School Enrollment School Enrollment Employment Engagementg g Stable Housing Income

Page 9: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Analytic Approach Multilevel Modeling (MLM) for longitudinal data is ideal to use with this type of data

M l i l   b i  f     b   f  h   d    Multiple observations for a subset of youth, and uneven numbers of observations across youth

Separate models were run to assess:Separate models were run to assess: Change in predictor and outcome variables across time Prediction of change on outcome variables as a function of 

b   f  tnumber of supports

Singer & Willet, 2003

Page 10: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Descriptives

Page 11: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Frequency by Time

Page 12: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Examining Change in Support andExamining Change in Support and Outcome Status Over Time Do supports and outcomes change over time? OutcomeTimetime? Gender and age at baseline are entered as time invariant  AgeGender

L1

L2

time invariant covariates

Time is the sole time‐i   di

g

varying predictor Separate models for each support variable ppand outcome 

Page 13: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Support and Outcome by Time

Page 14: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Predicted Probabilities by Time

%

90%

100%

* ** **

60%

70%

80%

1

40%

50%2

3

4

5

10%

20%

30%5

0%

Overall Informal Formal

Page 15: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Predicted Probabilities by Time

%

90%

100%

* * *

60%

70%

80%

1

40%

50%2

3

4

5

10%

20%

30%5

0%

Employment Enrollment Engagement Housing Income

Page 16: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Examining the Impact of SupportsExamining the Impact of Supports on Outcome Variables Does having more support predict better status on outcomes?

OutcomeTime

Support

status on outcomes? Gender and age at baseline remain time‐ Age

Time

GenderL2

L1

invariant controls Time and number of 

t     t d 

g

supports are entered simultaneously as time‐varying predictors

Page 17: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Overall Support

Page 18: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Predicted Probabilities by NumberPredicted Probabilities by Number of Overall Supports

90%

100%

*

60%

70%

80%

40%

50%

0

1

2

3

10%

20%

30%

0%

Employment Enrollment Engagement Housing Income

Page 19: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Formal Support

Page 20: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Predicted Probabilities by NumberPredicted Probabilities by Number of Formal Supports

90%

100%

60%

70%

80%

40%

50%

0

1

2

3

10%

20%

30%

0%

Employment Enrollment Engagement Housing Income

Page 21: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Informal Support

Page 22: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Predicted Probabilities by NumberPredicted Probabilities by Number of Informal Supports

80%

90%

100%

* *

60%

70%

80%

40%

50%0

1

2

3

10%

20%

30%

0%

Employment Enrollment Engagement Housing Income

Page 23: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Summary Youth engaged in the RENEW program gain formal and informal supports over time

Likelihood of school enrollment  stable housing  and  Likelihood of school enrollment, stable housing, and having income improves over time

Having more support was associated with more favorable toutcomes

Stronger, more robust relationships with informal support Much of this improvement was attributable to strengthened connections with family members

Relatively few significant findings, but consistent pattern of results and rather large effect sizes suggest more g ggrelationships will be found in larger sample

Page 24: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Program Staff Reactions andProgram Staff Reactions and Feedback These findings were presented to program staff They were initially skeptical 

They believed that youth were generally disconnected from any t   d  i d    ft   ll tsupports and remained so after enrollment

The discussion shifted when one of the staff there pointed out that this might be due to focusing on youth with more severe problems

Staff may spend more time with youth that are more disconnected Staff may spend more time with youth that are more disconnected or less able to build their informal support networks

Thus, they may weight these youth disproportionately in their overall impressions of the population

Thi  l d t    di i   f  ibl   b   d t ti   f  This led to a discussion of possible subgroups and targeting of efforts to needs of youth who are particularly disconnected at enrollment or who remain so. 

In the end  staff perceptions of the importance of enhancing  In the end, staff perceptions of the importance of enhancing youth supports seemed to shift significantly

Page 25: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Future Directions Examining distinct subgroups of youth

Reactions of staff and some paradoxical findings suggest possible subgroups:p g p Some youth improve quickly and leave the program Other youth do not improve as much and remain in the program for 

longer periods of time Latent trajectory or growth mixture modeling could be used to 

examine these possibilities in a larger sample Efforts are underway to extend use of tools to other programs

Ri l   d  t l h lth  d  b t     bl   Rigorously measured mental health and substance use problems might show similar relationships

Changes in support could also be related to program i l t tiimplementation

Page 26: Charles Burgess, BS Mason Haber, PhD UNC Charlottecmhconference.com/files/presentations/session54-burgess.pdf · Supportive Adults Formal versus informal support Formal – paid professionals

Conclusions Increases in trusted support network members were common among youth in this RENEW program

These increases  particularly those in informal support   These increases, particularly those in informal support, were shown to be linked with outcomes

These findings support the “N” in the RENEW theory of g pp ychange – the crucial role of enhancing natural (i.e., informal) support in specialists’ efforts with youth Note that it is likely this frequently involved reconnecting  Note that it is likely this frequently involved reconnecting youth (e.g., with family) rather than finding new supports

Findings also show the importance of measuring social support in transition programs