checklist of literature on malaysian macrofungi

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CHECKLIST OF LITERATURE ON MALAYSIAN MACROFUNGI Lee, S.S. 1 , Horak, E. 2 , Alias, S.A. 3 , Thi, B.K. 1 , Nazura, Z. 1 , Jones, E.B.G. 4 & Nawawi, A. 3 1 Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, 52109 Selangor, Malaysia 2 Nikodemweg 5, AT-6020 Innsbruck, Austria 3 Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4 National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Agency, 113 Paholoythin Road, Klong 1 Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand 1

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CHECKLIST OF LITERATURE ON MALAYSIAN

MACROFUNGI

Lee, S.S.1, Horak, E.2, Alias, S.A.3, Thi, B.K.1, Nazura, Z.1,

Jones, E.B.G.4 & Nawawi, A.3

1Forest Research Institute Malaysia, Kepong, 52109 Selangor, Malaysia

2Nikodemweg 5, AT-6020 Innsbruck, Austria

3Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University Malaya,

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

4National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC),

National Science and Technology Agency,

113 Paholoythin Road, Klong 1 Klong Luang,

Pathumthani 12120, Thailand

1

PREFACE

When I first became interested in the study of the larger fungi in the early 1990s, I contacted

the eminent mycologist and botanist, the now late Prof. E.J.H. Corner for advice on a variety

of issues related to their study. At that time he informed me that the study of Malaysian

Agaricales was 80% incomplete. The situation today, nearly two decades later, has improved

only very slightly where we estimate that about 70% of the larger fungi still remain to be

discovered or described. Among the reasons for this slow pace of study was the lack of

funding and few local mycologists or fungal taxonomists who could undertake such studies.

Recognising Malaysia’s position as one of the world’s 12 mega-biodiversity countries

and the poor state of knowledge of the fungi, the Ministry of Natural Resources and

Environment Malaysia provided funds to the Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) for a

five-year study to conduct an inventory and study of selected fungi in the country. Due to our

limited resources and expertise, we decided to focus on the macrofungi or larger fungi, i.e.

the fungi more commonly referred to as mushrooms, toadstools, brackets, and cup fungi.

This, however, still is a huge undertaking and would not be possible without the support and

assistance of numerous experts, both local and foreign. Thus, this publication is the joint

effort of researchers from FRIM and University Malaya as well as eminent mycologists from

Austria and Thailand (United Kingdom).

I am grateful to Prof. R. Watling for starting me on the path of the study of the

macrofungi and for his continued support for studies on Malaysian macrofungi. On behalf of

my co-authors, I would like to thank my Director, Dr. Saw Leng Guan, the Director-General

of FRIM and the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment for their enlightened view

of biodiversity and support of the project on inventory and study of selected Malaysian fungi.

Lee Su See

2

INTRODUCTION

In beginning any study a researcher would first consult the literature to find any information

or publications related to his/her field of study. Thus when the FRIM researchers began our

inventory and study of the larger fungi or macrofungi, that is fungi having large or

macroscopic sporocarps, we found that with the exception of the publications of the late Prof.

E.J.H.Corner it was very difficult to find other related literature. Therefore, this checklist

which we hope lists all literature relevant to the identification and taxonomy of Malaysian

larger fungi has been produced to assist researchers in their study of the macrofungi of

Malaysia. For the purpose of this checklist Singapore is considered geographically part of

Malaysia, thus reports of macrofungi from the former are also included as being from

Malaysia. Many macrofungi are plant pathogens while others have utilization potential as

sources of food, medicine, nutraceuticals or other bioactive compounds.

The first list of fungi for Peninsular Malaysia was published by T.F. Chipp in 1921

and since then there has been no comprehensive list of Malaysian fungi until the recent

publication of Jones et al. in 2007. Several checklists on plant diseases of Peninsular Malaya

and subsequently Malaysia were published in the 1950s, sixties and seventies. However, a

listing of all publications reporting on Malaysian fungi has never been published before.

This checklist is needed in view of the lack of working knowledge of the literature on

Malaysian macrofungi as many sources of information are scattered or more often because

publications are not available locally. This list would also provide researchers with an idea of

the studies that have been conducted on Malaysian macrofungi while at the same time

identify the gaps and further studies needed.

The late Prof. E.J.H. Corner was responsible for a major proportion of the literature

on Malaysian larger fungi and our work in compiling this checklist was made much easier by

the publication of a complete list of Corner’s publications by Watling and Ginns in

3

Mycologia Vol. 90 (1998): 732-737. The literature in this checklist includes all references

related to the taxonomy, identification, distribution and ecology of Malaysian macrofungi.

There are many publications/reports on plant and animal diseases in Malaysia caused by

fungi and others dealing with their control. However, only those publications which involve

or mention macrofungi have been included. Literature dealing with local research on

imported mushrooms has not been included as our focus is on ‘indigenous’ fungi, i.e. those

found in our forests and other natural habitats.

The literature is listed alphabetically by author. No attempts were made to classify the

literature according to the various fungal families as there are too few publications to do so.

While we have tried to make this list as comprehensive and complete as possible, there is the

possibility that we may have inadvertently missed some citations or that we were not aware

of them.

4

LITERATURE

ALIAS, S.A. & JONES, E.B.G. 2000. Vertical distribution of marine fungi on Rhizophora

apiculata at Morib mangrove, Selangor, Malaysia. Mycoscience 41: 431-436.

ALIAS, S.A. & JONES, E.B.G. 2000. Colonization of mangrove wood by marine fungi at

Kuala Selangor mangrove stand, Malaysia. Fungal Diversity 5: 9-21.

ALIAS, S.A., HYDE, K.D. & JONES, E.B.G. 1996. Pyrenographa xylographoides from

Malaysian and Australian mangroves. Mycological Research 100: 580-582.

ALIAS, S.A., KUTHUBUTHEEN, A.J. & JONES, E.B.G. 1994. Fasciatispora lignicola sp.

nov. (Amphisphaeriaceae, Ascomycotina) from drift mangrove wood. Mycotaxon 52:

77-82.

ALIAS, S.A., KUTHUBUTHEEN, A.J. & JONES, E.B.G. 1995. Frequency of occurrence of

fungi on wood in Malaysian mangroves. Pp. 97-106 in Y.S. Wong & Nora F.Y. Tam

(eds.), Asia-Pacific Symposium on Mangrove Ecosystems, Dordrecht: Kluwer

Academic Publishers.

ALIAS, S.A., KUTHUBUTHEEN, A.J. & JONES, E.B.G. 1995 . Frequency of occurrence

of fungi on wood in Malaysian mangroves. Hydrobiologia 295: 97-106.

ALIAS, S.A., MOSS, S.T. & JONES, E.B.G. 2001. Cucullosporella mangrovei,

ultrastructure of ascospores and their appendages. Mycological Research 105: 615-

624.

ANONYMOUS. 1927. Report of the Division of Mycology, Straits Settlements and

Federated Malay States, 1926. Malay Agric. J. 15:152.

ANONYMOUS. 1958. Notes on current investigations and extension work, January to March

1958. Malay. Agric. J. 41: 110

ANONYMOUS. 1974. Root diseases Part 1: detection and recognition. Rubber Research

Institute of Malaya Planters' Bulletin 133: 111-120.

5

ANONYMOUS. 1997. Malaysia: Country Study on Biological Diversity. Assessment of

Biological Diversity in Malaysia. Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment,

Malaysia.

ARIFFIN, D., IDRIS, A.S. & SINGH, G. 2000. Status of Ganoderma in oil palm. Pp. 49-70 in J.

Flood, P.D. Bridge & M. Holderness (eds.) Ganoderma Diseases of Perennial Crops,

CABI, Wallingford, UK.

BAHARUDDIN, S. 2003. An update on the occurrence of mushrooms and macrofungi of

Langkawi. Paper presented in Asia Pacific Ecotourism Conference, Langkawi,

Kedah, 22-25 Oct 2003.

BAKER, J.A. 1934. Mushroom growing in Province Wellesley and Penang. Malay Agric. J.

22: 25-28.

BANCROFT, K. 1911. Thread blight. Agricultural Bulletin of the Straits and Federated

Malay States, Vol. 10: 110.

BARONI, T.J. & WATLING, R. 1999. Taxonomic and mycogeographic notes on some

Malaysian fungi IV. Note on Clitopilus and Rhodocybe. Mycotaxon LXXII: 57-72.

BAS, C. 1965. The genus Squamanita. Persoonia 2: 331-364.

BELGRAVE, W.N.C. 1916. Red root disease. Agricultural Bulletin, Federated Malay States,

Vol. 4: 347.

BECKER, P. 1983. Ectomycorrhizae on Shorea (Dipteocarpaceae) seedlings in a lowland

Malaysian rainforest. Malay. Forester 46: 146-170.

BEELEY, E. 1938. Report of the Pathological Division, Rubber Research Institute Malaysia.

BOEDIJN, K.B. 1929. De spinnewebschimmels van Hevea brasiliensis. Three kinds of

thread blight of Hevea brasiliensis. In: Arch. Rubbercult., Buitenz. 10: 369-376 (I) f.,

(I) pl. (Rubberseria no. 50).

6

BOEDIJN, K.B. 1935. A new Malaysian species of Coprinus. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg III,

13: 470-471.

BOIDIN, J. & LANQUETIN, P. 1984. Compléments au genre Vararia P. Karst.

(basidiomycetes). Persoonia 12: 243-262.

BOIDIN, J. & LANQUETIN, P. 1987. Le genre Scytinostroma Donk (Basidiomycetes,

Lachnocladiaceae). Bibliotheca Mycologica 114: 1-130.

BRESADOLA, G. 1911. Fungi borneenses lecti a cl. J. Winkler anno 1908. Ann. Myco. 9:

549.

BROOKS, F.T. 1914. Stinking root rot. Agricultural Bulletin, Federated Malay States, Vol.

3: 40.

BROOKS, F.T. 1915. Ustulina root rot. New Phytologist 14: 152

BROWNE, F.G. 1968. Pests and Diseases of Forest Plantation Trees. Clarendon Press,

Oxford.

BUNTING, B. & MILSUM, J.N. 1928. Cover crops and green manures. Malay. Agric. J. 16:

256

BURKILL, I.H. 1993. A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. Vol. I

& II. Third Edition. Ministry of Agriculture, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

BURNETT, F. 1947. Report on Agriculture in Malaya, 1946.

BURNETT, F. 1949. Report on Agriculture in Malaya, 1947.

CASH, E.K. & CORNER, E.J.H. 1958. Malayan and Sumatran Discomycetes. Transactions

of the British Mycological Society 41: 273-282.

CESATI, V. 1879. Mycetum in itinere Borneensi lectorum a cl. Od. Beccari. Atti Accad. Sci.

Fis. Matem. Napoli 8: 1-28 (Figs. 1-4).

CHANG, Y.S. & LEE, S.S. 2003. Utilization of wild mushrooms by the Temuans in

Selangor, Malaysia. Pp. 488-489 in Tropical Forestry Research in the New

7

Millennium - Meeting Demands and Challenges. Proc. International Conference on

Forestry and Forest Products Research, 1-3 October 2001, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

CHANG, Y.S. & LEE, S.S. 2004. Utilisation of macrofungi in Malaysia. Fungal Diversity

15: 15-22.

CHANG, Y.S., LEE, S.S. & NORASWATI, M.N.R. 2005. Ethnomycology in Malaysia.

Clusiana 44: 67-72

CHANG, Y.S., LEE, S.S. & NORASWATI, M.N.R. 2005. Utilisation of fungi by the Semai

in Perak and Pahang for food and medicine. Pp. 258-261 in Proceedings at the IRPA

Workshop, A’Famosa Resort, 2-3 Feb 2005.

CHANG, Y.S., MASTURA, M. & KHOZIRAH, S. 2000. Utilisation of fungi and their

secondary metabolites – an overview. Paper presented in Malaysian Science &

Technology Congress, 18-20 September 2000, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.

CHEE, K.H. 1976. Micro-organisms associated with Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.

Arg.). Agricultural Series Report No. 4. Rubber Research Institute of Malaysia.

CHIN, F.H. 1981. Edible and poisonous fungi from the forests of Sarawak. Part I. Sarawak

Museum Journal 29:50-211

CHIN, F.H. 1988. Edible and poisonous fungi from the forests of Sarawak. Part II. Sarawak

Museum Journal 60: 195-201.

CHIN, F.H. 1990. Pink disease - its incidence and economic importance in Sarawak,

Malaysia. Pp. 156-160 in Proceedings 3rd International Conference on Plant

Protection in the Tropics. Vol. IV.

CHIPP, T.F. 1921. A list of the fungi of the Malay Peninsula. Garden’s Bulletin, Straits

Settlements 2: 311-418.

8

CHRISTENSEN, H. 2002. Ethnobotany of the Iban and Kelabit. A joint publication of the

Forest Department Sarawak; NEPCon, Denmark, and University of Aarhus,

Denmark.

COOKE, M.C. 1883. Fungi from Perak. Grevillea 12(63): 84.

COOKE, M.C. 1884. Fungi of Perak. Grevillea 13(65): 1-4.

COOKE, M.C. 1885. Some exotic fungi. Grevillea 14(69): 11-14.

COOKE, M.C. 1885. Fungi of Malayan Peninsula. Grevillea 14(70): 43-44.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1931. The identity of the fungus causing wet rot of rubber trees in Malaya.

J. Rubber Res. Inst. Malaya 3: 120-123.

CORNER, E.J.H.1932. The identification of the brown-root fungus. Garden’s Bulletin,

Straits Settlements 5: 316-350.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1932. A Fomes with two systems of hyphae. Transactions of the British

Mycological Society 17: 51-81.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1932. The fruit-body of Polystictus xanthopus Fr. Ann. Bot. 46: 71-111.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1934. An evolutionary study in agarics: Collybia apalosarca and the veils.

Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 19:39-88.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1935. The seasonal fruiting of agarics in Malaya. Garden’s Bulletin, Straits

Settlements 9: 79-88

CORNER, E.J.H.1936. Hygrophorus with dimorphous basidiospores. Transactions of the

British Mycological Society 20: 157-184

CORNER, E.J.H. 1940. Larger fungi in the tropics. Transactions of the British Mycological

Society 24: 357.

CORNER, E.J.H.1950. Monograph of Clavaria and allied genera. Annals of Botany.

Memoirs 1, Oxford University Press, London.

9

CORNER, E.J.H.1950. Descriptions of two luminous tropical agarics (Dictyopanus and

Mycena). Mycologia 42: 423-431.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1952. Addenda clavariaceae I. Two new pteruloid genera and C. deflexula.

Annals of Botany, n. s. 16: 269-291.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1952. Addenda clavariaceae II. Pterula and Pterulicium. Annals of Botany,

n. s. 16: 531-569.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1953. Addenda Clavariaceae III. Annals of Botany, n. s. 17: 347-368.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1954. Further descriptions of luminous agarics. Transactions of the British

Mycological Society 37: 256-271.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1957. Craterellus Pers., Cantharellus Fr. and Pseudocraterellus gen. nov.

Sydowia 1: 266-276

CORNER, E.J.H. 1962. Royal Society Expedition to North Borneo 1961. Empire Forestry

Review: 224-233.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1963. Fungi. (Royal Society Expedition to North Borneo 1961).

Proceedings of the Linnean Society, London 175: 40-42.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1964. A discussion of the results of the Royal Society Expedition to North

Borneo organized by E.J.H. Corner. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of London:

Series B, 161: 3-6 & 90-91.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1966. Species of Ramaria (Clavariaceae) without clamps. Transactions of

the British Mycological Society 49: 101-113.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1966. The clavarioid complex of Aphelaria and Tremellodendropsis.

Transactions of the British Mycological Society 49: 205-211.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1966. Monograph of cantharelloid fungi. Ann. Bot. Mem. 2:1-255.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1966. Paraphelaria, a new genus of Auriculariaceae (Basidiomycetes).

Persoonia 4: 345-350.

10

CORNER, E.J.H. 1966. On Clavaria inaequalis Fr. Nova Hedwigia 12: 61-63

CORNER, E.J.H. 1967. Notes on Clavaria. Transactions of the British Mycological Society

50: 33-44.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1968. A monograph of Thelephora (Basidiomycetes). Nova Hedwigia 27:

1-110.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1968. Mycology in the tropics - apologia pro monographia sua secunda.

New Phytologist 67: 219-228.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1969. Notes on cantharelloid fungi. Nova Hedwigia 18: 783-818.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1969. Larger fungi of the Solomon Islands. In: A discussion of the results

of the Royal Society Expedition to the British Solomon Islands Protectorate, 1965.

Organanised by E.J.H. Corner. Philosophical Transactions, Series B 225: 579.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1970. Supplement to "A monograph of Clavaria and allied genera". Nova

Hedwigia 33: 1-299.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1970. Phylloporus Quél and Paxillus Fr. in Malaya and Borneo. Nova

Hedwigia 20: 793-822.

CORNER, E.J.H.1971. Merulioid fungi in Malaysia. Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 25: 355-

381.

CORNER, E.J.H.1972. Studies in the basidium. Spore-spacing and the Boletus spore.

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 26: 159-194.

CORNER, E.J.H.1972. Boletus in Malaysia. Government Printing Office, Singapore,

Malaya.

CORNER, E.J.H.1973. Review of tropical macrofungi - some common species by M.J.

Zoberi. Mycologia 65: 951-982.

CORNER, E.J.H.1974. Boletus and Phylloporus in Malaysia: further notes and descriptions.

Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore 27:1-16

11

CORNER, E.J.H.1976. On the clavarioid Ramaria stricta (Fr.) Quel. in Borneo. Persoonia

9: 149-150.

CORNER, E.J.H.1976. Further notes on cantharelloid fungi and Thelephora. Nova Hedwigia

27: 325-342.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1977. A note on Gomphus. Mycologia 69: 431-432.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1980. Boletus longipes Mass., a critical Malaysian species. Gardens’

Bulletin, Singapore 33: 290-296.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1980. Entoloma (Fr.) Kummer in the Malay peninsula. Gardens’ Bulletin,

Singapore 33: 297-300.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1981. The agaric genera Lentinus, Panus, and Pleurotus with particular

reference to Malaysian species. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 69:1-169.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1983. The clavarioid Ramaria subgen. Echinoramaria. Persoonia 12: 21-

28.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1983. Ad Polyporaceas I. Amauroderma and Ganoderma. Beih. Nova

Hedwigia 75: 1-182.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1984. Ad Polyporaceas II. Polyporus, Mycobonia and Echinochaete. Beih.

Nova Hedwigia 78: 1-129.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1984. Ad Polyporaceas III. Piptoporus, Buglossoporus, Laetiporus,

Meripilus and Bondarzewia. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 78: 133-222.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1986. The tropical complex of Mycena pura. Transactions of the Botanical

Society Edinburgh, 150th Anniv. Suppl.: 61-67.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1986. The agaric genus Panellus Karst. (including Dictyopanus Pat.) in

Malaysia. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 39(2):103-147.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1987. Ad Polyporaceas IV. The genera Daedalea, Flavodon,

Gloeophyllum, Heteroporus, Irpex, Lenzites, Microporellus, Nigrofomes, Nigroporus,

12

Oxyporus, Paratrichaptum, Rigidoporus, Scenidium, Trichaptum, Vanderbyllia and

Steccherinum. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 86: 1-265.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1988. Higher fungi. Pp. 88-101 in Malaysia: Key Environments. Earl of

Cranbrook (ed.). Pergamon Press, Oxford, U.K.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1989. Ad Polyporaceas V. The genera Albatrellus, Boletopsis, Coriolopsis

(dimitic), Cristelloporia, Diacanthodes, Elmeria, Fomitopsis (dimitic), Gloeoporus,

Grifola, Hapalopilus, Heterobasidion, Hydnopolyporus, Ischnoderma, Loweporus,

Parmastomyces, Perenniporia, Pyrofomes, Stecchericium, Trechispora, Truncospora

and Tyromyces. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 96: 1-218.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1989. Ad Polyporaceas VI. The genus Trametes. Beih. Nova Hedwigia 97:

1-197

CORNER, E.J.H. 1991. The genus Trogia (Basidiomycetes). Gardens’ Bulletin, Singapore

Suppl. 2: 1-100.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1991. Ad Polyporaceas VII. The Xanthochroic Polypores. Beih. Nova

Hedwigia 101: 1-175

CORNER, E.J.H. 1992. The development of the fruit-body of Marasmius cornelii

(Agaricales) and of a new species of Marasmius sect. Gloeocephala. Persoonia 14:

395-405.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1992. Additional resupinate non-xanthochronic polypores from Brazil and

Malesia. Nova Hedwigia 55: 119-152.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1992. Notes on the development of the fruit-bodies of four Malayan species

of Amanita (Basidiomycetes). Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 44(1):43-45.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1993. Psathyrella (Agaricales) with ornamented spores in the Malay

Peninsula. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 45(2): 337-357.

13

CORNER, E.J.H. 1993. “I am part of all I have met” (Tennyson's Ulysses). Pp.1-14 in J.S.

Isaac, R. Frankland, R. Watling & A.J.S. Whalley (eds.) Aspects of Tropical

Mycology, Cambridge University Press.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1994. Agarics in Malesia: I Tricholomatoid, II Myceniod. Beih. Nova

Hedwigia 109: 1-271.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1994. On the Agaric genera Hohenbuehelia and Oudemansiella Part I:

Hohenbuehelia. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 46(1): 1-47.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1994. On the Agaric genera Hohenbuehelia and Oudemansiella. Part II:

Oudemansiella. Gardens’ Bulletin Singapore 46(1): 49-75.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1995. The polypore genera, Henningsia and Rigidoporus. Mycologist 9:

127.

CORNER, E.J.H. 1996. The agaric genera Marasmius, Chaetocalathus, Crinipellis,

Heimiomyces, Resupinatus, Xerula and Xerulina in Malesia. Beih. Nova Hedwigia

111: 1-175.

CORNER, E.J.H. & BAS, C.1962. The Genus Amanita in Singapore and Malaya. Persoonia

2(3): 241-304.

CORNER, E.J.H. & CASH, E.K. 1958. Malayan and Sumatran Discomycetes. Transactions

of the British Mycological Society 41: 273-282.

CORNER, E.J.H. & HAWKER, L.E. 1953. Hypogeous fungi from Malaya. Transactions of

the British Mycological Society 36: 125-137.

CORNER, E.J.H. & THIND, K.S. 1961. Dimitic species of Ramaria (Clavariaceae).

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14

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GALLAGHER, W.J. 1909. Pink disease. Bulletin of the Department of Agriculture,

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VILLEGAS, M. 2006. A phylogeny of Ramariopsis and allied genera. Mycotaxon 94:

265-292.

GIBSON, I.A.S. 1975. Diseases of forest trees widely planted as exotics in the tropics and

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Verbenaceae and Meliaceae. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, CAB, U.K.

15

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