chem f4c2 structure of atom

8/7/2019 CHEM F4C2 Structure of atom

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Chemistry Form 4Chemistry Form 4

Chapter 2Chapter 2

The Structure of AtomThe Structure of Atom

2011

EN MA HAN SINSMK KAMARUL ARIFFIN

A. MATTER

B. THE ATOMIC STRUCTURE

C. ISOTOPES AND THEIR IMPORTANCE

D. THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM


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A. MATTERA. MATTER

y Matter is anything that occupies space and hasmass

y Made up of tiny and discrete particles

y

There are spaces between particles.y These particles may be atoms, molecules or

ions

y Matter exists in three states: Solid, Liquid, Gas


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DiffusionDiffusion

Diffusion can occur in solid, liquid and gas the movement of particles of a substance

in between the particles of anothersubstance

The particles move randomly and freely

from high concentration region to lowconcentration region

How to prove the particles?How to prove the particles?


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Diagram related with the experimentDiagram related with the experiment

Diffusion of

bromin gasDiffusion of solid

potassium manganate


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ElementElement

y Is a substance that consists ofonly onetype of atom

y 118 element in this world!

y Periodic Table of Element

CompoundCompound

y Is a substance that contains two or moreelements that are chemically bondedtogether

y Molecule, Ion


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AtomAtom

y An atom is the smallest particle of an

element that can participate in a chemical

reaction

y Metals and some non metals such as

carbon and helium exist as atoms.

y Fe, Al, Mg, Au, C, He, Ar


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MoleculeMolecule

y Is a group of two or more atoms which

are chemically bonded together

y O2, H2, H2O, CO2, C10H8, C6H12O6


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IonIon

y Is a positively-charged or negatively-

charged particle

y Sodium chloride, NaCl: Na+, Cl

y Magnesium Oxide, MgO: Mg2+, O2

y Copper (II) sulphate, CuSO4: Cu2+, SO42


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The kinetic theory of matterMatter Solid Liquid Gas

Draw the

arrangement

Arrangement

of particles

Movement of

particles

Energy forces


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The change in state of matter

SOLID LIQUID

GAS

SUBLIMATION

SUBLIMATION

EVAPORATION

OF

BOILING

CONDENSATION

FREEZING

MELTING

Key :heatingcooling


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Kinetic theory of mattery Heating curve of naphthalene

Temperature (0C)

Time (s)

A

B C

D

Melting point


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What happen when solid naphthalene is

heated?Point State of matter Explanation

A to B

B to C

C to D


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Kinetic theory of mattery Cooling curve of naphthalene

Temperature (0C)

Time (s)

E

F G

H

Freezing point


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What happen when solid naphthalene is

cooled?Point State of matter Explanation

E to F

F to G

G to H


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To determine the melting point and freezing

point of naphthalene

y Practical Book

y Page :


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Diagram related with the experiment

Heating of naphthalene Cooling of naphthalene


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B. THE ATOMIC STRUCTUREy Historical development of atomic model

Scientist Atomic model Discovery

John Dalton

J.J Thomson

rnest R therford

Neils Bohr

James Chadwick


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Subatomic particles of an atom

proton

neutron

nucleu

s

electro

n

Shell /orbit


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Properties of subatomic particlesSubatomic Symbol elative

electric

charge

elative

mass

Location

proton

neutron

electron


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Proton number and nucleon

numbery Proton number is the number of protons in its atom

y Nucleon number ( mass number ) is the totalnumber of protons and neutrons in its atom

y Nucleon number = proton number + number

of neutrons

y

proton number = number of electron


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Symbol of elements

Element Symbol Element Symbol

Hydrogen Potassium

Aluminium Tin

Argon Lead

Sodium Magnesium

Silver Copper

Iron Vanadium

Refer Periodic Table ( Page 176 )


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Standard representation symbolA

XZ

Nucleon number

Proton number

Symbol of element

27

Al13

13

Al27


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Standard representation symbolStandard

representation

Description

23

Na

11

Number of protonsNumber of electrons

Number of neutrons

Proton number

Nucleon number

Electron arrangement


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C. ISOTOPES AND THEIR IMPORTANCEy Isotopes atoms of the same element with

different numbers of neutrons

Isotope Uses of isotope

Cobalt-60

Carbon-14

Phosphorus-32


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D. THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF AN

ATOM

nucleu

s

First shell : 2

electronsSecond shell : 8

electrons

Third shell : 8electrons

Valance electron : electrons in the outermost

occupied

shell


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chem f4c2 structure of atom

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