chem lab (6-22-15).pdf

SCORE

SCORE

BICOL UNIVERSITY College of Science

Department of Chemistry

NAME: __________________________________________________

Section: __________________

Group: ________

Lab Experiment (Lab Apparatus)

Date Performed: ____________________

Date Submitted: ____________________

Lab Experiment (Lab Techniques)

Date Performed: ____________________

Date Submitted: ____________________

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COMMON LABORATORY APPARATUS

Experiment No. _____

Introduction

Chemistry is an experimental science. A student of chemistry spend most of his time in the laboratory observing chemical behaviors, proving chemical concepts, testing hypothesis or simply performing experiments.

The laboratory is equipped with apparatus and other materials for safe and easy performance of activities. Thus, a chemistry student must be knowledgeable of these laboratory equipment and materials. This will help him perform experiments safely and with better results. I. Objectives At the end of the experiment the students are expected to:

1. Identify the common laboratory apparatus and equipment; 2. Describe and sketch the different laboratory apparatus/equipment.

II. Apparatus and Materials

A. Glass and Porcelain Beaker Erlenmeyer flask watch glass graduated cylinder pipette evaporating dish

test tube Florence Flask crucible and cover mortar and pestle funnel clay triangle

petri dish condenser glass tubing stirring rod

B. Metals and others:

burner test tube rack spatula triangular file tong magnet

iron ring iron clamp wire gauze cork borer test tube brush

iron stand medicine dropper test tube holder wing top platform balance

III. Procedures

1. From the instrumentation room request the common laboratory apparatus and materials.

2. Identify all the apparatus and equipment given to your group. 3. Draw them in the boxes provided and give the function/uses of each.

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IV. Observations/ Results and Discussions Glass and Porcelain

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Glass and Porcelain

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Glass and Porcelain

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Glass and Porcelain

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Metal and Others

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Metal and Others

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Metal and Others

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Metal and Others

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COMMON LABORATORY TECHNIQUES AND OPERATIONS

Experiment No. _____

Introduction One of the basic aims of a general chemistry laboratory course is to teach and train students the proper laboratory working habits and techniques. These laboratory works can become more systematic and efficient through the application of useful procedures and techniques that can lead to accurate analysis of experimental results. There is nothing more effective than proper handling of reagents and test solutions. Unnecessary waste of time, effort, and reagents are avoided if experimental work is conducted with the necessary operations with safety and performed correctly. I. Objectives

1. To perform common laboratory operations. 2. To show the proper techniques in handling solids and liquids, heating

substances, and separating mixtures. II. Apparatus and Materials

Sand, powdered chalk, table salt, test tube, flask, mortar and pestle, tripod, filter paper, graduated cylinder, beaker, stirring rod, funnel, evaporating dish, alcohol lamp, wire gauze, platform/ beam balance

III. Procedures PLEASE READ THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY

1. Suspend fine clean sand in 20 ml of water in a test tube. Allow the sand to

settle at the bottom of the test tube and carefully pour off the clear supernatant liquid.

2. Mix intimately in a mortar and pestle 3 g of powdered chalk and 3 grams of table salt. Transfer the liquid into a beaker. Measure 15 ml of water and pour this into the beaker. Stir thoroughly the substances with stirring rod.

3. Filter the mixture by pouring it slowly into the filter paper supported by a funnel. Place a clean flask below the funnel. Care must be taken care to prevent the liquid from running down the side of the beaker. This is done by allowing the mixture to flow through the stirring rod the end of which is pointing towards the center of the filter. Do not fill the filter completely to the top. Reserve the clear liquid in the flask for the next procedure. Examine the residue on the filter.

4. Transfer the liquid into the evaporating dish. Support the dish on the tripod with a wire gauze and heat gently. Withdraw the flame as soon as most of the water has been driven off. Examine the residue left and take a crystal of it.


IV. Observations and Analysis Answer the following questions based on your observations in this experiment.

1. Define decantation.

2. What do you call the clear liquid that is poured off?

3. What is the process applicable in separating solids from liquids?

4. Define filtration.

5. What is the clear liquid that passes through the filter paper?

6. What is the substance left in the filter paper?

7. What did you accomplished in treating the mixture with water?

8. Why can this be done?

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9. Define evaporation.

10. What is the residue left in the dish?

11. What have you accomplished in this process?

12. What may happen if heat is applied steadily at the bottom of a test tube containing a liquid?

13. Describe how a piece of filter paper can be folded properly for filtration?

14. What is the difference between decantation and filtration? Which of these two methods of separation is more effective?

V. Generalization


SOME NOTES IN COMMON LABORATORY TECHNIQUES Handling Liquids

When transferring liquids from a reagent bottle, always remove the cap/stopper and hold it in your hand. Never place the cap/stopper on the bench or contamination could result. Pour the liquid slowly and carefully to avoid spillage. You may find the use of a glass rod helpful,

Filtration

You will often need to separate a liquid from a solid. At times you will simply decant, that is, you will carefully pour out the liquid, leaving the solid behind. At other times you will need to filter the solution. To do this you will use filter paper and a funnel. You must first flute the paper in order to accelerate the process.

You will then set the paper in the funnel using your wash bottle. To do this simply place the paper into the funnel and add a small amount of water to the bottom of the filter. Slowly add water to the sides with a circular motion to avoid air bubbles between the paper and the funnel. Once the paper has set, transfer the solution to be filtered. If the solid has settled, decant the liquid through the filter first in order to save time. Never overwhelm the filter; don't add the solution too quickly and never come to within one centimeter of the top of the paper. Transfer the solid using a wash bottle and rubber policeman (hand-held flexible natural-rubber scraper attached to a glass rod), and then wash the solid as directed by the experimental procedure.

Heating

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You will use both a hot plate and a Bunsen burner to heat solids and solutions. Always be careful to avoid burns and never heat a material too quickly or explosive "bumping" can occur. When using a hot plate always begin at the setting indicated in the manual. However, this setting may vary depending on the hot plate so you will have to experiment. In using a Bunsen burner, always use a tight blue flame as shown in the figure. Control the heat transfer by adjusting the distance from the burner to the object. Note that the distances suggested in the manual are measured from the hottest part of the flame to the object.

chem lab (6-22-15).pdf

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