1. DONE BY :GRACE MELLISA ARIFIN CLASS :3I

2. Using dot-and-cross diagrams: The formation of covalent bonds between non- metallic elements 3. what are covalent bonds? 4. In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule). 5. In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule).But rather than losing or gaining electrons, atoms now share an electron pair. 6. In covalent bonding, atoms still want to achieve a noble gas configuration (the octet rule).But rather than losing or gainingelectrons,atoms now share an electron pair. The shared electron pairis called a bonding pair 7. Chlorine formscovalent a Cl2bond withitself 8. How will Cl Cl two chlorine atoms react? 9. Cl Cl Each chlorine atom wants to gain one electron to achieve an octet 10. ClCl Neither atom will give up an electron chlorine is highly electronegative. Whats the solution what can they do to achieve an octet? 11. Cl Cl 12. Cl Cl 13. Cl Cl 14. Cl Cl 15. Cl Cl octet 16. Cl Cl octet circle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets 17. Cl Cl The octet is achieved by each atom sharing the electron pair in the middlecircle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets 18. Cl Cl The octet is achieved by each atom sharing the electron pair in the middlecircle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets 19. Cl Cl This is the bonding pair circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets 20. Cl Cl It is a single bonding pair circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets 21. Cl Cl It is called a SINGLE BONDcircle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets 22. Cl Cl Single bonds are abbreviated with a dashcircle the electrons for each atom that completes their octets 23. Cl Cl This is the chlorine molecule, Cl2circle the electrons foreach atom that completestheir octets 24. O2 Oxygen is also one of the diatomic molecules 25. OO How will two oxygen atoms bond? 26. O O Each atom has two unpaired electrons 27. O O 28. O O 29. O O 30. O O 31. O O 32. O O 33. OO Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative. So both atoms want to gain two electrons. 34. OO Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative. So both atoms want to gain two electrons. 35. O O 36. O O 37. O O 38. O O 39. O O Both electron pairs are shared. 40. O O6 valence electronsplus 2 shared electrons= full octet 41. O O 6 valence electrons plus 2 shared electrons = full octet 42. O Otwo bonding pairs, making a double bond 43. O O O =O For convenience, the double bond can be shown as two dashes. 44. O =O This is the oxygen molecule, thisis socool!O2 ! 45. CRED