chem sem slide 1
TRANSCRIPT
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Polymer-SurfactantInteraction
Fadwa OdehDepartment of Chemistry
Clarkson University
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Contents
Introduction
- Surfactants
- polymers
Polymer-Surfactant Interaction and its Effects Importance of these Interactions
ethods Used to study Polymer-SurfactantInteraction
Conclusions
!eferences
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Surfactants
Surfactants "Surface #ctive #$ents% areamphipathic molecules "have a hydrophilic
part and a hydropho&ic part%'
The hydrophilic part
could be anionic (SO3-),
cationic (R3N+) or simply
a polar group (OH)
The hydrophobic part is a long
hydrocarbon chain that (could be
also branched)
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Types of Surfactants
Ionic surfactants
- #nionic Surfactants
# surfactant with a ne$atively char$ed
head $roup such as(Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate "SDS%
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Ionic Surfactants
- Cationic Surfactants
# surfactant with a cationic $roup such as()enalkonium Chloride
Types of Surfactants(cont.)
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*witterionic "#mphoteric% Surfactants
# surfactant with two oppositely char$ed
$roups such as(
Cocamidopropyl &etain
Types of Surfactants (cont.)
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Types of Surfactants (cont.)
+onionic Surfactants
# surfactant with no char$e $roup
Such as Cetyl alcohol
O,
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Micellization
icelles form when the concentration of the surfactant $oesa&ove a certain limit called critical micelle concentration "cmc%'
he micelles formation is driven &y entropy "&ecause the entropypenalty of surfactants molecules $ather to form a micelle is lessthan the entropy penalty of water molecules "or solvent%$atherin$ to$ether via hydro$en &ondin$ to isolate the
hydropho&ic part in a ca$e like structures%'
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Polymers
Polymers are lon$ chain $iant molecules assem&led from smallerunits "monomers%'
here are natural polymers such as( silk. proteins. ru&&er.car&ohydrates. D+#/'etc'
Synthetic polymers such as( polyurethane. polystyrene. polyvinylchloride/''etc'
yo$lo&in
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Polymers Classification
,omopolymers
"Polypropylene%
#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#- 0 -#n-
Copolymers. could &e- #lternatin$
#-)-#-)-#-)-#-)-#-) 0 -"#)%n-
- !andom
#-#-)-#-)-#-#-#-)-)-#-/''- )lock copolymer
#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-#-)-)-)-)-)-)-)-)///''
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Polymers are also classified accordin$ tomethod of preparation(
#ddition polymers
Usually the monomers are unsaturated"#lkenes% e1' Polyethylene
Condensation polymers
Usually the monomers have functional $roupslike acids and hydro1yl e1' Polyamides"+ylon%
Polymers Classification
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Effect of Polymer-Surface
Interaction
Polymers induce a$$re$ation
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Polymer-Surfactant Interaction
ypes of interactions(
Electrostatic Interactions "if the polymer and the
surfactant are oppositely char$ed%'
,ydropho&ic Interactions "&etween the hydropho&ic
parts of &oth the polymer and surfactant%'
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#&uin. E' )' and Scaiano. 2' C' Journal of American Chemical Society!"#$. 345. 5678'%
he presence of polymeric
chains induces the
formation of micelles'
he presence of similarities&etween the surfactant
and the polymer attract the
surfactant molecules to
certain positions in thepolymer'
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!ef' 39
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he main attraction forces are still hydropho&icinteractions'
he same mechanism and entropy &alance hold formicelli:ation in presence of polymer
Usually the same a$$re$ate si:e and a$$re$ationnum&er'
he presence of oppositely char$ed species doenhance interaction
Polymer-Surfactant Interaction (cont.)
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he specific viscosity of
4'43 P## with different
de$rees of neutrali:ation. a.
as a function of addedC36#) compared &etween
e1perimental data "filled
sym&ols% and the
predictions "solid lines%'
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Applications of Polymer-Surfactant
Mixtures
Polymers are added to surfactants to(
Control the phase &ehavior " e'$' to solu&ili:e waterinsolu&le polymers%'
Control the interfacial properties "e'$' to sta&ili:esuspensions which depends on a comple1 interplay&etween different pair interactions' #ddition of a polymercan either remove a surfactant from a surface orenhance its adsorption to a surface%'
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o achieve a suita&le rheolo$y "thickenin$ and
$elation effect%'
he polymer induced micelli:ation lead to a lower
surfactant free molecules concentration and activity
"e'$' in skin formulations. free surfactant molecules
cause skin irritation%'
Applications of Polymer-Surfactant
Mixtures
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Techniues !se" to Stu"y
Polymer-Surfactant Interactionshere are several techni=ues to study polymer-surfactant
interactions such as(
Calorimetric easurements
+uclear a$netic !esonance "+!%
Flourescence Conductivity
>el Permeation Chromato$raphy ">PC%
?iscosity easurements
F Infrared Spectroscopy "FI!%
Surface ension easurements @i$ht Scatterin$ echni=ues
Electromotive Force "emf%
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Surface tension measurements are widely
used for studyin$ micelli:ation and
surfactant-polymer interaction'
#ddin$ surfactants reduces surface tension' Even in presence of polymers. the surface
tension reduction still occur'
he effect of the polymer depends on thesurfactant concentration
Surface Tension Stu"ies
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Surface Tension Stu"ies
P?P0poly"vinyl pyrrolidoneSurfactant0 SDS
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Isothermal Titration Calorimetry an"
EM#
!ef'8
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!ef'8
Calorimetric Techniues
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$uclear Ma%netic &esonance'iffusion Measurements
!ef' 5
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$uclear Ma%netic &esonance
'iffusion Measurements
!ef'