Chemical Energy and Food

• calorie- the amount of energy needed to raise the temp of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius

• Glucose – releases 3811 calories• Food Labels = Calorie (capital C) is 1 kilocalorie– 1000 calories

Cellular Respiration

• The process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

• 6O₂ + C₆H₁₂O₆ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + energy• 3 main stages– Glycolysis– Krebs Cycle– Electron Transport Chain

Glycolysis

• Process in which one molecule of glucose is broken in half, producing two molecules of pyruvic acid, and a 3 carbon compound

• 2 ATP used• 4 ATP made• Net Gain= • 2NAD+ = 2NADH– Accepts 2 e⁻

Fermentation

• Lack of oxygen• Release energy from food molecules by

producing ATP • Anaerobic- without oxygen• Alcoholic Fermentation• Lactic acid Fermentation

Alcoholic Fermentation

• Yeast• Pyruvic acid + NADH alcohol + CO₂ + NAD⁺- Allows bread to rise

Lactic Acid Fermentation

• Pyruvic acid + NADH lactic acid + NAD⁺• Lactic acid- produced by muscles in exercise• - cheese, yogurt, buttermilk, sauerkraut,

pickles, sour cream