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1 Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Fulbright Visiting Professor David J. Dixon Chemical and Biological Engineering Department South Dakota School of Mines and Technology WS 2009/2010

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Page 1: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

1

Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

Fulbright Visiting Professor David J. Dixong gChemical and Biological Engineering DepartmentSouth Dakota School of Mines and Technology

WS 2009/2010

Page 2: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Overview2

• Introduction• Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History• Today’s Chemical Engineering• Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics Course Overview

Page 3: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Introduction3

Dr David DixonDr. David DixonProfessor of Chemical Engineering Chemical and Biological Engineering DepartmentSouth Dakota School of Mines and Technology

Rapid City, South Dakota, USAp y, ,

Page 4: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Introduction4

Rapid City near Black HillsRapid City near Black Hills

Page 5: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Introduction5

Rapid City near Black Hills (P h S L k t f “hill th t bl k”)Rapid City near Black Hills (Paha Sapa, Lakota for “hills that are black”)

Page 6: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Introduction6

Rapid City ( 60 000)Rapid City (~60,000)

Looking East

Looking West

Page 7: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Introduction7

Page 8: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Introduction8

SD School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT.edu)gy ( )

Page 9: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Introduction9

SD School of Mines and Technology (SDSMT.edu)gy ( )

Page 10: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Introduction10

MyselfMyself….

•BS/MS/PhD Chemical EngineeringSDSMT/SDSMT/U i i f T A i•SDSMT/SDSMT/University of Texas at Austin

•Dow Corning Corporation (Process Engineering)•Overseas military service (Darmstadt)y ( )•Professor SDSMT (16 yrs)

Page 11: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Introduction11

Page 12: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Chemical Engineering History12

United States:United States:•J. Willard Gibbs 1st PhD in Engineering in the U.S. (1863)• L. M. Norton, MIT first ChE course (1888)1 t BS i Ch i l E i i U P l i (1892)•1st BS program in Chemical Engineering, U Pennsylvania (1892)

•American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) formed 1908

“The chemical industry had a central position in the changing industrial y p g gworld of the late 19th century. This industry did not hatch fully grown; it

was based on nearly a century’s worth of scientific advances in the universities – particularly German universities.”

N.A. Peppas, “The First Century of Chemical Engineering”, Chemical Heritage Newsmagazine, Vol. 26, No. 3, Fall 2008

Europe:•Justus von Liebig (1803 – 1873) Giessen•Göttingen, Heidelberg, and other top universities.g , g, p

Page 13: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Chemical Engineering History13

South Dakota: 1803 4South Dakota: 1803-4

* "Discovered a Village of S ll i l th t bSmall animals that burrow in the grown... except the ears which is Shorter, his tail like a ground squirel g qwhich they shake & whistle when allarmd. the toe nails long, they have fine fur."

* W. Clark - Friday, September 7, 1804

Page 14: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Chemical Engineering14

* Wikipedia, Chemical Engineering

Page 15: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Engineering15

Darmstadt (BS 3yrs – MS 2yrs)( y y )

Page 16: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Chemical Engineering16

USA system (BS 4 yrs)y ( y )•Programming and Numerical solutions to ChE problems•Material and energy balances

•ChE laboratory experiences•Freshman modeling intro•Fluid flowMaterial and energy balances

•Fluid flow •Heat transfer•Mass transfer U it O ti / ti

Fluid flow•Process control intro•Heat transfer•SeparationsEl ti l b•Unit Operations/separations

•Thermodynamics I and II•Chemical kinetics and reactor design •Senior design courses and project

•Elective lab•Elective ChE courses

•Advanced separations•Advanced reactor designg p j

•Process control•Microbiology•Global and contemporary issues in ChE

g•System dynamics and modeling•Polymer engineering•Organosilicone chemistry•Biochemical engineeringChE •Biochemical engineering•Design of experiments for ChEs•Coop experiences•Undergraduate research

Page 17: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Chemical Engineering17

USA system (BS 4 yrs)USA system (BS 4 yrs)-Professional organizations (AIChE, ACS, other)

Page 18: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Chemical Engineering18

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Page 19: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Chemical Engineering19

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Page 20: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Chemical Engineering20

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Page 21: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Chemical Engineering21

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Page 22: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Chemical Engineering22

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?

Supercritical Fluid Extraction (2nd), M. McHugh & V. Krukonis, Elsevier (1994)

Page 23: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Chemical Engineering23

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?

Supercritical Fluid Extraction (2nd), M. McHugh & V. Krukonis, Elsevier (1994)

Page 24: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Chemical Engineering24

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Page 25: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Chemical Engineering25

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Page 26: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Today’s Chemical Engineering26

Why study Thermo of mixtures: MotivationWhy study Thermo of mixtures: Motivation-Example, i.e. SCF measurements, others?-UO systems (discuss general PFD and where separations fits in plus other things like HT, MT, staged processes, etc)-Simulators: AspenPlus, Fluent, Comsol, ChemSep, others.

Page 27: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Course Overview27

Page 28: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Course Overview28

Page 29: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Course Overview29

Page 30: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Course Overview30

Chapter 5- Thermodynamic Web- Departure Functions- Review Equations of state (chapter 4, briefly)

Chapter 6Chapter 6- Equilibrium (chemical potential)

* Pure Component* Mixtures

Ch t 7Chapter 7- Fugacity (chemical potential fugacity equilibrium calculations)

* Vapor (overview), liquid, solids- Activity Coefficients [Fugacity Coefficients (overview)]y [ g y ( )]

Chapter 8- Phase Equilibrium

* Diagrams* Vapor Liquid (VLE)* Vapor – Liquid (VLE)* Liquid – Liquid (LLE)* Solid – Liquid (SLE)

Chapter 9- Reaction Equilibria

Page 31: Chemical Engineering Thermodynamicsddixon/Thermo-Lecture-1-2009-class.pdf · Overview 2 • Introduction • Chemical Engineering HistoryChemical Engineering History • Today’s

Questions?31