chemical operation- hydrolysis

7/28/2019 Chemical Operation- Hydrolysis

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Van Viet Man LE HCMCUniversity of Technology 1

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CONTENTS

1. Fundamentals

2. Objective and application

3. Transformations of raw materials

4. Technological factors

5. Equipments

Van Viet Man LE HCMC

University of Technology

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1. Fundamentals

Hydrolysis

Catalysts: chemical or biochemical

Chemical catalysis

3Van Viet Man LE HCMC


. Objective and application

Catalysts

Organic acids

Inorganic acids

Alkalines

Comparison

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Van Viet Man LE HCMCUniversity of Technology

Objective: exploitation

Starch

Cellulose

2. Objective and application

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bjective: processing

Sucrose

Starch

Protein

. Objective and application

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Chemical

Hydrolytic reaction

Sucrose + Water Glucose + Fructose Catalyst

Products: invert sugar and residual sucrose

Hydrolytic yield

3. Transformation of raw materials

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hemical

Hydrolytic reaction

tarch Gelatinization Liquefaction Saccharification

Catalyst Main products: sugars (mono/disaccharide),oligosaccharide, dextrin

Hydrolytic yield

. Transformation of raw materials

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Chemical

Hydrolytic reaction

Protein + Water Amino acids + Peptide

Catalyst

Main products: amino acids and peptide

Hydrolytic yield


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hemical

Other reactions

Starch:

Hexose degradation: fufurol, hydroxymethyl-fufurol, caramel

Reaction between hexose and amino acid (Ex:Maillard reaction)

Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, degradation of

other compounds in the raw material


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Chemical

Other reactions

Protein

Degradation of amino acids: desamination,decarboxylation

Reactions between amino acids and reducingsugars

Hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction, degradation

other compounds in the raw material


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hemical

Other reactions

By-products

Positive impact on food quality

Negative impact on food quality

Control and regulation of by-product formation


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Physical

Density

Volume

Temperature

Physico-chemical

Biological

Biochemical


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Concentration of substrate

Catalyst and concentration of catalyst

Temperature/ pressure

Time

. Technological factors

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Example: Starch hydrolysis for maltose production

[S]=40-43%

HCl: 0.20-0.25% of substrate

T=140 -143oC, P=0.28-0.32 MPa

t=20 min

4. Technological factors

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Relationship between reaction time and hydrolytic yield

Example: Sucrose hydrolysis

Co: Initial concentration of substrate

Ct: Concentration of substrate after hydrolytic time t

K: Reaction rate constant

t = (2,303/k) x log[Co/(Co-Ct)]

. Technological factors

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According to working pressure:

Hydrolysis at atmospheric pressure

Hydrolysis under high pressure

5. Equipments

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Equipment working

at atmosphericpressure

- Cylinder; 2- Jacket foreating; 3- Motor; 4-

Mixer; 5- Substrate inlet;- Product outlet.

. Equipments

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Equipment workingunder high pressure

1- Product recovery from

the vapor release; 2-Vapor outlet; 3- Pressurevalve; 4- Pressure gauge;5- Substrate inlet; 6-Cylinder top; 7- Catalystinlet; 8- Safety gauge; 9-Tube for steam supply; 10-Tube for sampling; 11-Steam distributor; 12-Product outlet

5. Equipments

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According to the operation procedure:

Batch hydrolysis

Continuous hydrolysis

. Equipments

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Safety regulation

Environment protection

Development tendency

5. Equipments

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chemical operation- hydrolysis

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