chemical reactions: acids/alkalis and acids/carbonate

Reactions between ACIDS

and ALKALIS

Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012

Reactions between ALKALIS and ACIDSRemember:

What is pH of an ALKALI?

Alkalis have a pH value greater than 770 14

ALKALI


Reactions between ALKALIS and ACIDSCharacteristics of ALKALI?

Alkalis is a base that is soluble in water (can dissolve)

Strong alkali can cause chemical burns

Alkali feels slippery or like soap when you touch it.


Reactions between ALKALIS and ACIDS

FORMULA of an ALKALI?Metals from group I and II

I – Alkali metalsII – Alkali earth metal

Most alkalis are hydroxide compounds(I or II)OH (aq)



Remember:What is pH of an ACID?

Acids have a pH value less than 770 14

ACIDS


Reactions between ALKALIS and ACIDSCharacteristics of ACID?

ACIDS can react with a base

Acids have a sour taste

Acids contain hydrogen and an oxide



FORMULA of an ACID?

Metal oxide Non-metal oxideChloride gas

Most acids are hydrogen compoundsH(O-compound) (aq)

H+


Reactions between CARBONATES and ACIDS

What reaction will take place?

NEUTRALISATIONWhen ACID is added to ALKALI, they

will cancel one another out.The reaction is called neutralisation, because they neutralise one another.


Reactions between CARBONATES and ACIDSAll neutralisation reactions follow the

same form:Alkali + Acid salt + water

(metal)OH + H(O compound) (metal)(O compound) + (H)(OH)


Reactions between

CARBONATES and ACIDS



What is a CARBONATE?

(metal) + CO3 (s)

Examples:CaCO3 (s)

MgCO3 (s)

CuCO3 (s)Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012


What is an ACID?

Hydrogen + (chloride OR sulphate OR nitrate)

Examples:HCl (aq) or (l)

H2SO4 (aq) or (l)

HNO3 (aq) or (l)Jacques Zeefenbergen © 2012


ALL reactions between carbonates and acid has the same form.

Carbonate + acid salt + water + carbon dioxide



Steps:1) Metal replaces “H” to form a salt

MgSO4 (s) + H2) Carbonate decomposes

CO3 CO2 (g) + O3) Extra “H” and “O” combines to form

water2H + O H2O(l)



Calcium carbonate + hydrochloric acid



Magnesium carbonate + sulphuric acid



Copper carbonate + nitric acid


chemical reactions: acids/alkalis and acids/carbonate

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