chemical reactions. reactants products produce chemical equation used to describe chemical reactions
DESCRIPTION
Symbols in chemical reactions (s) Solid (l) Liquid (g) Gas (aq)Aqueous,solid dissolved in water Produces or yieldsTRANSCRIPT
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Chemical Reactions
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Reactants ProductsProduce
Chemical equation used to describeChemical Reactions
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Symbols in chemical reactions
(s) Solid
(l) Liquid
(g) Gas
(aq) Aqueous,solid dissolved in
water
Produces or yields
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Burning of Charcoal
C (s) + O2 (g)
Carbon + Oxygen Carbon Dioxide
CO2 (g)
Simplified to:
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Antoine Lavoisier•Law of
conservation of mass:
•Mass neither lost nor gained during a chemical reaction– Mass products =
mass reactants
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Balancing Chemical Equations
•Atoms of Reactants and Products must be balanced to satisfy law conservation of mass
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Types of Reactions
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Synthesis: two or moreSubstances react to form aSingle substance
A + B
Ex: 2H2 (g) + O2 (g)
AB
2H2O (l)
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Synthesis of WaterAn explosive reaction!
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Decomposition: Compound breaks Down into two or more simplerSubstances
AB A + B
Ex: 2H2O (l) H2 (g) + O2 (g)electricity
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Electrolysis of water
O2 gas
H2 gas
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Single Replacement : “partner stealing”
One element takes the place of anotherElement in a compound
A + BC B + AC
Cu + 2AgNO3 2Ag + Cu(NO3)2
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Double Displacement: “partner swapping”Two different compounds exchange Positive ions and form two new compounds(+) (+)
AB + CD AD + BC
Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI PbI2 + 2KNO3
DD reactions usually form a gas or a precipitate
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Combustion: Substance reacts rapidly with oxygen always producing heat, carbon dioxide and water
CH4 + 2O2 CO2 + 2H2OMethane oxygen carbon dioxide water
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Energy and Chemical Reactions
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Chemical ReactionsIn all chemical reactions:
Energy is either:
1. Released
2. Absorbed
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Exothermic Reactions•Produces heat (feels warm)
– More energy is released as products form, than is required to break bonds in reactants
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Endothermic Reactions• Reaction uses more heat than it
gives off (feels cold)– more energy is required to break
bonds than to form new ones
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Reaction Rates
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Reaction Rate• How fast a reaction is occurring
– Increased rate = fast– Decreased rate = slow
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5 Factors Affecting Reaction Rate
• 1. Temperature: –Higher temp. = faster reaction
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2. Surface area
• Increasing surface area (crush into smaller pieces) = faster reaction rate
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3. Concentration of Reactants
• Increasing concentration = faster reaction rate
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4. Use of Catalyst
•Catalyst: substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being consumed
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5. Stirring
• Stirring increases reaction rate
Stirrer used in industry