1

Chemical Storage in Future Energy SystemsJohn Bøgild

Hansen Ha1 ldor

Topsøe A/S

2

Storage of Wind Energy – Why Chemical Storage ?

Illustration courtesy of Energinet

Substituting fossil with renewable resourcesMost of the fossil energy can in principle be replaced with renewableenergyEnergy source Coal Oil Natural gas% not easily replaced with current technologies

20 % of total coal use

(6 % of total energy use)

43 % of total oil use

(14 % of total energy use)

16 % of total NG use

(3 % of total energy use)

Energy EJ (Mtoe) 33 (777) 78 (1863) 19 (454)

2%non-energy use

feedstock

14%non-energy use

feedstock

18%industry

3%industry

10%industry

26%transport

6%non-energy use

feedstock3

Electrolysis

COH2

CO2

PowerSteamCO2Air

Hydrogen SNGMethanol DMEGasoline Ammonia

Syngas

4

Fuel Cell and Electrolyser

½O2

H2

½O2

H2O + 2e- → H2 + O2-

O2-

O2- → 2e- +½O2

H2 + O2- → H2O + 2e-

O2-

½O2 + 2e- → O2-

SOFC SOECH2O H2H2O

H2 + CO + O2 H2O + CO2 + electric energy (∆G) + heat (T∆S)SOFC

5 SOEC

Biogas upgrade by means of SOEC

CH4 +CO2 + 3H2O + El 2CH4 +H2O +2O2

6

Synergy between SOEC and fuel synthesis

SOEC SynthesisCO2

7

H2O

Syn Gas

Product

Steam

• 50 kW SOEC unit for steam electrolysis• Catalytic methanisation• The CO2 in the biogas is upgraded to pure

methane with pipeline quality.• High Exergy Efficiency of 80%

Biogas upgrading demonstration unitOperating in Foulum, Denmark

CH4 + CO2 + 3H2O + El 2CH4 +H2O +2O2

8

Synergy between SOEC and fuel synthesis

SOEC HBSynthesis

Air

H2O

Syn Gas

Ammonia

Steam

H2O

9

10

New EUDP project : 1.5 kW SOFC and50 kW SOEC and 20 Nm 3/h NH3 synthesis gas

Participants: Haldor Topsøe A/S Aarhus University Energinet.dk VestasØrsted Equinor

Coordinator:

Duration: January 2019April 2022 Project sum: 26 mio DKr. Location: Foulum & DTU