The chemical

composition

of water

Water - what is it?

Water is a transparent fluid which forms the world's streams, lakes, oceans and rain, and is the major constituent of the fluids of living things. As a chemical compound, a water molecule contains one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms that are connected by the covalent bonds. It is a dynamic equilibrium between liquid and gas states at standard temperature and pressure.

Water is a chemical compound with the chemical formula H2O: one water molecule has two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one atom of oxygen. Water occurs naturally in three states of matter (solid, liquid and gas) and can take various forms on the Earth

surface: water, vapor and clouds in the sky, the sea water in the oceans, the oceans, glaciers, polar glacier mountains, fresh and salt

water, lakes, rivers.The main physical and chemical properties of water are:

Water is a liquid at normal temperature and pressure. It is tasteless and odorless. Water and ice are of light blue hue, although both

appear colorless in small quantities. Water in a vapor state is essentially invisible.

Water is transparent in the visible electromagnetic spectrum. Thus aquatic plants can live in water because sunlight can reach them. Infrared light is strongly absorbed by the hydrogen-oxygen or OH

bonds.

The chemical composition

Model of

hydrogen

bonds

between

molecules of

water.

The human body contains from 55% to 78% water, depending on body size. To function properly and to avoid dehydration the body requires between one and seven liters of water per day; the precise amount increases with the level

of activity, body’s temperature, humidity and other factors. Most of this is ingested through foods or beverages other than drinking pure water. It is not clear how much water intake is needed by healthy people, but most of the

specialists agree that approximately 2 liters (6 to 7 glasses) of water daily is the minimum to maintain proper hydration though. Medical literature favors a

lower water consumption, typically 1 liter of water for an average male, excluding extra requirements due to fluid loss from doing exercises or warm

weather.

Water in our body

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Depending on the overall mineral content in a liter of mineral water, we can distinguish the following

types of mineral water:• very sweet water- the content of the constituents

below 100 mg / l, • sweet water - from 100 to 500 mg / l, • spring water- from 500 to 1000 mg / l • mineral water- more than 1000 mg / l.

Water drunk directly from the source is not recommended for consumption, and highly

mineralized water should only be drunk after consulting a physician because a plethora of

different ingredients contained in water might harm.

Division of water

Water containing significant amounts of bicarbonates (above 600 mg / l) should not be drunk in large quantities by people with hiperacidity; water that contains more than

2000 mg / l - should not be drunk by healthy people too as it can disrupt their

digestive processes.

Bicarbonates in the water

Sulfates proved to have positive effect on human body if water contains at

least 250 mg / l of them. They positively affect the metabolism,

increase the secretion of a bile. At levels above 600 mg / l sulfates can sometimes be the cause of diarrhea.

Sulphates in water

Sodium is a controversial ingredient of any water. It is found in many mineral waters in amounts above the required minimum - 200 mg / l. It prevents dehydration and maintains acid-base balance. Its absence in the body causes weakness and digestive disorders. But the real problem is that we consume it in excessive amounts. However, it has nothing to do with water, but with other food products which containt this element in excessive amounts.

Sodium in water

We won’t find potassium in water. This element is very valuable for the body

indeed, especially for the proper functioning of the heart. However, no water provides suitable quantities of

this element.

Potassium in water

THE ENDGROUP 1Anna Woszczyk - PolandMaja Gewald -PolandNatalia Baczewska - PolandNoelia Afonso Martín - SpainGorka Arnay Esteban - SpainMaría Samara Ascanio Castro - SpainLucía Castañeda Benites - SpainAndrea Candelaria Domínguez Medina - SpainAdil José El Founti Afonso - SpainPhilip - Germany