chemistry 103 lecture 19. general course structure - week 5 atoms ---> compounds ---> chemical...
TRANSCRIPT
Chemistry 103
Lecture 19
General Course structure - WEEK 5
Atoms ---> Compounds ---> Chemical Reactions
GAS LAWS
SOLUTIONS
Outline
I. GAS LAWS continued ….. - Ideal/Combined Gas Law - Stoichiometry - modified gas expression - Dalton’s law of Partial Pressure
II. SOLUTIONS - INTRODUCTION
Important Simple Gas Relationships Boyles Law P1V1 = P2V2 (T fixed)
Charles Law V1/T1 = V2/T2 (P fixed)
Gay-Lussacs P1/T1 = P2/T2 (V fixed) Avogadros Law V1/n1 = V2/n2 (T&P fixed)
STP - Standard Temperature and Pressure (Gases)
T = 273 K (0 oC) and P = 1 atm (760 mmHg)
1 mole of a gas at STP = 22.4L
Combined Gas Laws
Relates the changes in pressure, volume and temperature, and quantity change of a gas
PV = constant
nT
Useful form of the expression:
P1V1 = P2V2
n1T1 n2T2
Ideal Gas Law
Let’s now solve for the constant:
PV/nT = constant = R = 0.0821atm L
mol K
IDEAL GAS LAW : PV=nRT
Gas Laws
A balloon contains 2.5L of Helium gas when the inside temperature is 25oC (approx 77oF). Assuming constant pressure, what is the volume of the balloon when you walk outside on a cold winter day with a temperature of
-20oC ( -4oF).
A. 48
B. 2.9
C.2.1
Gas Laws
A spray can is empty except for the propellant gas, which exerts a pressure of 1.2 atm at 24oC. If the can is thrown into a fire (485oC), what will be the pressure (atm) inside the hot can?
A. 3.1
B. 24
C.0.041
Gas Laws
Your space ship has docked at a space station above Mars. The temperature inside the space station is 24oC at a pressure of 745mmHg. A balloon with a volume of 425mL drifts into the airlock where the temperature is -95oC and the pressure is 0.115 atm. What is the new volume of this balloon (assume it’s very elastic)?
Dinitrogen oxide (N2O), laughing gas, is used by dentists as an anesthetic. If a 20.0 L tank of laughing gas contains 2.86 mol N2O at 23°C, what is the pressure in the tank?
Learning Check
Copyright © 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc.Publishing as Benjamin Cummings
A. 0.270 atm
B. 3.48 atm
C. 1.74 atm
Gases in Chemical Equations
The volume or amount of a gas in a chemical reaction can be calculated from:
STP conditions or the Ideal Gas Law
Mole factors from the balanced equation
STP and Gas Equations
What volume (L) of O2 gas is needed to completelyreact with 15.0 g of aluminum at STP?
4Al(s) + 3O2 (g) 2Al2O3(s)
Gas Equations and Reactions
What volume (L) of Cl2 gas at 1.2 atm and 27°C is needed to completely react with 1.5 g of aluminum?
2Al(s) + 3Cl2 (g) 2AlCl3(s)
Gas Laws and Stoichiometry Butane, C4H10, burns according to the equation:
2C4H10 (g) + 13O2 (g) 8CO2 (g) + 10 H2O (l)
What volume of CO2 measured at STP would be produced by
85.0 g of C4H10?
A. 131L
B. 32.8L
C. 65.5 L
Gas Laws and Stoichiometry, II Oxygen gas can be prepared in the lab by the decomposition of
potassium nitrate according to the equation: 2KNO3 (s) 2KNO2 (s) + O2 (g)
What mass of KNO2 forms along with 14.5 L of O2 measured at 1.00atm and 25 oC?
Ideal Gas Law - expanded
PV = nRT ; n = grams/Molar Mass
n = g/MM
PV = gRT MM
What is the molar mass of a gas if 0.250 g of the gas occupies 215 mL at 0.813 atm and 30.°C?
A. 3.52g/mol B. 17.8g/mol C. 35.6g/mol
Molar Mass of a Gas
Density of a Gas continued….
What is the density of ammonia gas, NH3(g), at 745 mmHg and 65oC?
Density = Molar mass
Molar volume
Density = grams/mole = grams
L/mole L
Density of a Gas at STP
Density of a Gas
Calculate the density in g/L of O2 gas at STP.