chemistry 161 chapter 1
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CHEMISTRY 161 Chapter 1. Chemistry. arabic: al-kimya greek: khymeia latin: chimica. ‘FUSION’. ~ 3,500 BC. Solar System Chemistry. Chemistry in Space. Amino Acids. Sugars. Star Formation. Star Destruction. ASTROBIOLOGY. PROPERTIES OF MATTER. physical. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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CHEMISTRY 161
Chapter 1
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Chemistryarabic: al-kimya greek: khymeia
latin: chimica
‘FUSION’~ 3,500 BC
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Solar System Chemistry
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Chemistry in Space
Star Formation Star Destruction
Amino Acids Sugars
ASTROBIOLOGY
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PROPERTIES OF MATTERphysical chemical
densitycolorodor
(determine w/o destruction of matter)
reactivity
(determine w/ destruction of matter)
CHEMICAL REACTIONSTATE
EXPERIMENT I
EXPERIMENT II
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decomposition (water)
combination from two or more elements
(exception: ozone O3)
EXPERIMENT IIIEXPERIMENT IV
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ELEMENTS1. cannot be decomposed by chemical means
2. different elements have different properties
3. each element is assigned a unique chemical symbol(one or two letters)(common language)
a) first letter is always capitalizedb) all remaining letter(s) are lower case
EXPERIMENT V
BOOK(112/114/116)
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Measurementsmeasurements are numerical (quantitative) observations
how much?
weight; volume; speed; energy; density; distance
qualitative observations
color, small
what?
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number error* unit
Measurements
*uncertainty
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measurement unit symbol
length meter mmass gram gtime second selectrical current ampere Atemperature Kelvin Kamount of substance mole molluminous intensity candela cd
SI base unit
all units are derived from 7 SI base units
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derived unitsarea length width
volume length width height
velocity distance / time
velocity / timeacceleration
Pressure [Pa; mbar, torr]760 torr ~ 1013 mbar ~ 105 Pa
Force [N] acceleration mass
force / area
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number unit
Measurements
50 m s-1
300,000,000 m s-1
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Decimal Multipliers
prefix symbol factor power of 10mega M 1000000 106 kilo k 1000 103 deci d 0.1 10-1 centi c 0.01 10-2 milli m 0.001 10-3
1000 g 0.01 g 0.001 g
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Conversion
Measurement English to Metric Metric to English Length 1 ‘’ = 2.54 cm 1 m = 39.37 in.
1 yd = 0.9144 m 1 km = 0.6215 mile1 mile = 1.609 km
Mass 1 lb = 453.6 g 1 kg = 2.205 lb1 oz = 28.35 g
Volume 1 gal = 3.785 L 1 L = 1.057 qt1 pt = 946.4 mL1 oz (fluid) = 29.6 mL
1 L = 1000 mL = 1000 cm3
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NASA-Mars Polar Lander
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Temperature
0 K
-273 OC
EXPERIMENT VI
T[K] = T[oC] + 273
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number error unitMeasurements
measuring device
inaccurate reading
multiple measurements
average (statistics)EXPERIMENT VII
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Significant Digits
T = 24.3 ºC (3 significant digits)
T = 24.32 ºC (4 significant digits)
0.034 K 3.4 10-2
0.0340 K 3.40 10-2
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Summary
1.Compounds & elements
2.SI units and conversion of units
3. errors
4. number of significant digits