chemistry

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Chemistry

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 2 of 26

Properties of Matter

Bamboo has properties that make it a good choice for use in chopsticks. It has no noticeable odor or taste. It is hard, yet easy to split, and it is heat resistant. You will learn how properties can be used to classify and identify matter.

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Properties of Matter >

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Describing Matter

Describing Matter

How can properties used to describe matter be classified?

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Properties of Matter > Describing Matter

Properties used to describe matter can be classified as extensive or intensive.

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Extensive Properties

•An extensive property is a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample.

•The mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter the object contains.

•The volume of an object is a measure of the space occupied by the object.

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Intensive Properties

An intensive property is a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not the amount of matter.

Examples: Hardness, density, melting point, boiling point.

The hardness of a bowling ball is an example of an intensive property.

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Identifying Substances

Identifying Substances

Why do all samples of a substance have the same intensive properties?

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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances

Substance: Matter that has a uniform and definite composition. Can be an element or compound.

These kettles are mainly copper. Copper is an example of a substance.

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This sculpture of a falcon is made of gold. Gold is an example of a substance.

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Every sample of a given substance has identical intensive properties because every sample has the same composition.

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A physical property is a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition.

Hardness, color, conductivity, and malleability are examples of physical properties.

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Properties of Matter > Identifying Substances2.1



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States of Matter

States of Matter

What are three states of matter?

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Properties of Matter > States of Matter

Three states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

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Solids

A solid is a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume.

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Liquid

A liquid is a form of matter that has an indefinite shape, flows, yet has a fixed volume.

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State of Matter

Definite shape

Definite volume

Compressible?

Solid

Liquid

Gas

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Gases

A gas is a form of matter that takes both the shape and volume of its container.

State of Matter Definite shape Definite volume

Solid

Liquid

Gas

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Animation 1

Relate the states of matter to the arrangements of their particles.

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There is a difference between the words “gas” and “vapor”.

“Gas” is used for substances that are in the gaseous state at room temperature. Example: oxygen

Vapor describes the gaseous state of a substance that is generally a liquid or solid at room temperature. Example: water vapor.

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Physical Changes

Physical Changes

How can physical changes be classified?

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Properties of Matter > Physical Changes

During a physical change, some properties of a material change, but the composition of the material does not change.

As gallium melts in a person’s hand, the shape of the sample changes, but the composition of the material does not change.

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Properties of Matter > Physical Changes

Physical changes can be classified as reversible or irreversible.

• Reversible: ex: change from one state to another.

• Irreversible: Cutting hair, filing nails, and cracking an egg.

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Section Quiz

-or-Continue to: Launch:

Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section

2.1 Section Quiz.

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1. Which of the following would be described as an extensive property of matter?

a. temperature

b. color

c. mass

d. hardness

2.1 Section Quiz.


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2.1 Section Quiz.

2. Which properties can be observed without changing the composition of a substance?

a. all properties of a substance

b. intensive properties

c. chemical properties

d. physical properties


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2.1 Section Quiz.

3. Match the states of matter with the following descriptions:

(1) takes the volume and shape of its container

(2) has a definite shape and volume

(3) has a definite volume but an indefinite shape

a. (1) liquid, (2) solid and (3) gas

b. (1) gas, (2) solid, and (3) liquid

c. (1) gas, (2) liquid, and (3) solid

END OF SHOW

chemistry

Documents

arrangement of particles

years old

gold falcon standard

volume of solids

rigid arrangement

copper kettles

general shape

silvery substance