chemistry a unique science

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Chapter 1 Chemistry, a Unique Science

Introduction

1. Why Chemistry?

2. What is Science?

3. The experimental World of Chemistry

4. Basic Measurements and Chemistry

Table of Contents


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Chapter 1

What is a science?

What are the main branches of science?

How can one be a scientist?

Warm Up


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Chapter 1 Introduction

Chemistryis a science that deals with the study of matter

and its changes.

Chemistry is a branch of natural sciences.

It is interrelated with all other sciences. Simply chemistry

is in everything.

It has a lot of branches; biochemistry, organic chemistry,

analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, electrochemistry,

nuclear chemistry, thermo chemistryetc.


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CHEMISTRY IS A LIFE

CHEMISTRYIS EVERYWHERE


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Chemistry as a Central Science

The main divisions of scienceBiology, Chemistryand Physicsare considered as basic sciences.

Chemistryis often called the central science because

it links Biology through Biochemistry; and Physicsthrough Physical Chemistry.

In fact a basic knowledge of chemistry is essential forstudents of, not only physics and biology, but also of

geology, ecology, environmental science, agriculturescience, integrated science, doctors, design andtechnology


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Divisions and Branches OfChemistry

Chemistry has two main divisons:

1. Pure Chemistry

2. Applied Chemistry

1. Pure Chemistry studies matter in order to understandnature better. It is divided into 3 main branches:

Physical Chemistry-deals with the effect of the structure ofmatter on their physical properties

Inorganic Chemistry- deals with the study of elements andtheir compounds (except carbon compounds)

Organic Chemistry- deals with the study of carboncompounds


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2. Applied Chemistry deals with the use of chemistry

knowledge to produce goods and to provide services

for mankind.

Examples of industries where chemistry is applied are

Biochemistry, Biotechnology, Geochemistry, Medicine,

Pharmacy, Petro chemistry, Environmental chemistryand radio chemistry


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CHEMISTRY

NUCLEAR

CHEMISTRY

GEOLOGY

MEDICINE

CERAMICS

FOOD

BIOLOGY

PHYSICS

BIO

CHEMISTRY


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Chapter 1 1. Why Chemistry?

Chemistry is

everywhere.


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Important Applications of Chemistry

Health and Medicine- Production of drugs, vaccines and

antibiotics to treat and prevent diseases

Energy- Energy from nuclear fission reactions and by burning

of fossil fuels. Another is the use of sunlight to obtain

hydrogen from water which is then fed into a fuel cell to

generate electricity

Textile- Quality clothes are constantly being produced due to

the development of new materials such as polyester, nylon,

dye stuffs and detergents

Food and Agriculture- Production of fertilizers, selective

weed-killers and pesticides has helped increase food

production


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Chapter 1 2. What is a Science?

Sciencemeans knowledge in Latin.

The studies conducted and tested systematically,

hypothesized and shared with people are called scientific

studies.

A chemistwho studies chemistry.

The applications of scientific principles in the service of

mankind is called technology.

All scientific studies have certain steps; observation,

hypothesis, experiment and sharing results.


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POP QUIZ

Q1: Explain why chemistry is often referred to as the central

science

A1: Because it links Biology through Biochemistry; and Physics

through Physical Chemistry.

Q2: Give 3 important applications of chemistry in our everyday

life

A2: Health and medicine, energy, textile

Q3: What is chemistry?A3:


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Chapter 1 3. Experimental World of Chemistry

Steps of an experiment in chemistry as follow;

Setting up the experimental equipment and procedures,

Conducting the experiment,

Recording data,

Analyzing results, reaching a conclusion and sharing

results.

Safety always comes first.

Always listen carefully to all instructions given by your

teacher.

Learn necessary safety rules for your experiment.


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Safety always comes first.

Always wear a lab jacket and safety goggles.

Read all the necessary information about the experiments.

Wear gloves when using heat, chemicals and glassware.

Do not throw any chemicals.

Do not touch any chemicals with your fingers.

Tie long hair.

Do not horse around in a lab.

Quickly report all accidents to your teacher.

Do not eat, smell, drink or taste any chemical.


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Hazard warning Symbols

Explosive Oxidizing Flammable Toxic

Harmful Irritant Corrosive Radioactive
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Radiation_warning_symbol.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Hazard_Xi.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/87/Hazard_C.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Hazard_X.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/39/Hazard_T.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Hazard_F.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ad/Hazard_O.svghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Hazard_E.svg


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Chapter 1 4. Basic Measurements and Chemistry

Units and Quantities

Common units and quantities used in chemistry are as follow;

Massis amount of substance, shown by m.

gram (g), kilogram (kg), milligram (mg)

Volumeis space occupied by an object, shown by L.

liter (L), milliliter (mL), cubic decimeter (dm3)

Temperatureis degree of cold or heat, shown by C, Kor F.

Celsius (oC), Kelvin (K) and Fahrenheit (F).

K = oC + 273


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Conversion Factors


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Scientific Notation


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End of the chapter 1

chemistry a unique science

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