chemistry and radiation safety › v3-app_crowdc › assets › b › b3 › b30a...joint water...
TRANSCRIPT
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
P. TranRadiation Safety & Decommissioning
Program ManagerTuesday, August 30, 2016
Chemistry and Radiation Safety
Technical Advisory Committee
Date: 8/15/2016
Pre Meeting MaterialsAM Session
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Antitrust Guidelines for EPRI Meetings and ConferencesThe antitrust laws and other business laws apply to EPRI, its Members, participants, funders, and advisers; violations can lead to civil and criminal liability. EPRI is committed to both full compliance and maintaining the highest ethical standards in all of our operations and activities.These guidelines apply to all occasions: before, during, and after EPRI meetings, including in the hallways, over lunch, during breaks and at dinner.
…is to conduct research and development relating to the generation, delivery and use of electricity for the benefit of the public. EPRI advisory meetings are conducted to further that purpose.
…is to follow the meeting agenda and provide advice on EPRI’s R&D program and how to make EPRI results most useful. Consult with your company counsel if at any time you believe discussions are touching on sensitive antitrust subjects such as pricing, bids, allocation of customers or territories, boycotts, tying arrangements and the like.
EPRI’S PRIMARY PURPOSE
YOUR ROLE AT EPRI
ADVISORY MEETINGS
3© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Antitrust Guidelines for EPRI Meetings and Conferences (continued)
…pricing, production capacity, or cost information which is not publicly available; confidential market strategies or business plans; or other competitively sensitive information. Do not disparage suppliers and/or competitors of EPRI, technology providers and/or EPRI Members and participants.
…the use of particular vendors, contractors or consultants for non-EPRI projects. EPRI will not promote or endorse commercial products or services of third parties. You must draw your own conclusions and make your own choices independently.
…in any discussions of goods and services offered in the market by others, including your competitors, suppliers, and customers.
DO NOT DISCUSS
EPRI DOES NOT
RECOMMEND
BE ACCURATE, OBJECTIVE,
AND FACTUAL
4© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Antitrust Guidelines for EPRI Meetings and Conferences (continued)
…to discriminate against or refuse to deal with (i.e., “boycott”) a supplier; or to do business only on certain terms and conditions; or to set price, divide markets, or allocate customers.
…or advise others on their business decisions, and do not discuss yours (except to the extent that they are already public).
…for advice from your own legal department, if you have questions about any aspect of these guidelines or about a particular situation or activity at EPRI; or ask the responsible EPRI manager to contact EPRI’s Legal Department.
DO NOT AGREE WITH
OTHERS
DO NOT TRY TO
INFLUENCE
ASK
5© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Emergency Exits: Roosevelt BR (Mezzanine Level)
NOTE: ALLRED DOORS
ARE EMERGENCY EXIT DOORS
ROOSEVELT BALLROOM
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Emergency Exits: Crescent City BR (Mezzanine Level)
NOTE: ALLRED DOORS
ARE EMERGENCY EXIT DOORS
Crescent City Ballroom
(Lunch Location)
11© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemistry and Radiation Safety Technical Advisory Committee Meeting
Tuesday, August 30 - Room Location: Roosevelt BR - Salon 5 (ML)
Time Topic Lead
8:00 am Radiation Safety Program 2017-2018
P. Tran, EPRI
D. Cool, EPRI
C. Gregorich, EPRI
K. Kim, EPRI
J. McElrath, EPRI
10:00 am Break
10:30 am Radiation Safety Program 2017-2018 (continued)
11:30 am Program Cockpit Updates N. Lynch, EPRI
12:00 pm Lunch
12© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemistry and Radiation Safety Technical Advisory Committee Meeting
Tuesday, August 30 - Room Location: Roosevelt BR - Salon 5 (ML)
Time Topic Lead
1:00 pm Member Satisfaction Survey TBD, EPRI
1:30 pm EPRI Occupational Health and Safety Update L. Krishen, EPRI
2:00 pm NEI Update E. Anderson, NEI
2:30 pm INPO Radiation Protection Update TBD, INPO
3:00 pm Break
3:30 pm Round Table (OE)
4:15 pm Meeting Plus/Delta All
4:30 pm Adjourn
4:30-5:30
pmFinalize APC Presentation Materials
J. Goldstein, Entergy
W. Harris, Exelon
D. Wells, EPRI
P. Tran, EPRI
The Chemistry and Radiation Safety APC will be held Wed. from 8am to Noon, Chamber 2 &4
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Phung TranProgram Manager, Radiation Safety
1.650.855.2158, [email protected]
Chemistry and Radiation Safety Technical Advisory Committee Meeting
August 29 - 30, 2016
Radiation Safety Program2017-2018 Work Plan
Donald Cool, Technical Executive
Carola Gregorich, Principal Technical Leader
Karen Kim, Sr. Technical Leader
Joel McElrath, Principal Technical Leader
Rich McGrath, Principal Technical Leader
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Key industry developments, feedback (prioritization), and needs (e.g. changes to regulations or standards, industry focus on cost savings, etc)– Reduced efforts for specific regulatory support due to NRC re-baselining– New project added since prioritization to support cost savings– Scope was adjusted to account for current developments
Alternate prioritization projects– Fundamental, Low Dose, Decommissioning
Take into account coordination / leveraging with other programs
Portfolio Considerations
3© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2017 – 2018 Radiation Safety Budget
No change to base funding
Supplemental programs enhance R&D scope
TSGs = Technical Strategy Groups
GW = Groundwater
RMST = Radiation Management and Source Term
LLW = Low Level Waste
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
2017 2018
Fun
din
g (i
n m
illio
ns)
Year
Radiation Safety Budget (2017 - 2018)
Decommissioning Supplemental TSGs (RMST, GW, LLW)Leveraged Base
4© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2017 – 2018 Radiation Safety Budget and Funding Distribution
Funding of new projects based on completion of multi-year projects
– Cyclic
Stable funding for long term, strategic projects
– Fundamental
– Decommissioning
– Low Dose
Continuing
20%
New Projects
23%
Fundamental
12%
Low Dose
27%
Decommissioning
18%
2017 BASE DISTRIBUTION
Continuing
39%
New Projects
4%
Fundamental
12%
Low Dose
27%
Decommissioning
18%
2018 BASE DISTRIBUTION
5© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Research Focus Areas
ALARA Strategies and Technologies•Combines source term reduction technologies with typical dose reduction tools and work planning improvements to provide a comprehensive strategy for reducing dose to workers.
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source Term Reduction) – Joint w/Chem.•Understanding radioactivity and radiation field generation and transport processes and tools/technologies to improve control of radioactivity.
Radiation Safety Guidance•Development and maintenance of guidelines, guides and sourcebooks for radiation protection, source term reduction, radiological environmental protection (which includes groundwater), and low level waste.
Radiation Measurements and Dosimetry for Workers and Public•Investigates advanced radiation detection and monitoring technologies for site and environmental monitoring purposes. In addition, more accurate dose calculation methodologies will be investigated to improve the quantification of the dose to workers and the public
Effluent and Radwaste Minimization•Investigates effluent (gaseous, liquid), groundwater remediation, and radwaste minimization technologies and management strategies. Also evaluates the impact to effluent and radwaste programs from changes in plant design or operational factors.
Integration of Industrial and Radiological Safety (currently unfunded)•Includes research related to the development of technologies and strategies that better meet the needs for an integrated approach to worker protection – radiological and industrial hazards.
Benchmarking and Trending (Fundamental)*•Maintenance of databases for the Standard Radiation Monitoring Programs (SRMP/BRAC) and the industry low level waste benchmarking database, RadBench™.
Low Dose Radiation Health Effects* •Investigates health effects from exposure to ionizing radiation to inform the development of radiation safety standards, radiation protection practices, and communication of risks to workers and the public.
Decommissioning Technology and Strategy*•Investigates technologies and strategies to facilitate the development and execution of a safe, efficient, and cost-effective decommissioning program.
* Not prioritized
6© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prioritization Results
Radioactivity Generation and Control
(Source Term)
ALARA Strategies and Technologies
Radiation Measurement
and Dosimetry for Workers and
Public
Effluent and Radwaste
Minimization
Radiation Safety
Guidance
Optimization of Industrial
and Radiological
Safety
Mean = 1.67Mean = 1.44 Mean = 2.04Mean = 2.00 Mean = 2.00 Mean = 2.33
70% Responded!
7© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
PrioritizationResponses
27 of 39 Respondents
(70%)
Reactor Type
5 BWR(of 7)
14 PWR/PHWR/VVER(of 22)
8 Both(of 10)
US or non-US
15 US(of 23)
12 non-US(of 16)
40 Comments
Responses are well balanced
8© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Recommended 2017-2018 Radiation Safety Portfolio
Radioactivity Generation and Control
(Source Term Reduction)
Surface Passivation(2015-2018)
Hydrophobic Coatings
(2016-2017)
Micro-Environment Effect
(2015-2017)
Silver and Antimony (2016-2018)
Optimized Zn(2018)*
Ultra-low Iron in BWRs (2018-
2019)*
ALARA Strategies and Technologies
Source Term Decision Logic (2017-2019)*
RMT for Surveys (2017)*
Location Tracking (2017-2019)*
Radiation Measurement and Dosimetry
for Workers and Public
Accurate Effluent Public Dose (2015-
2017)
Shielding Factors for Lens of the Eye
(2017-2018)*
At-power Gamma-isotopic Monitoring
(2018-2020)*
Effluent and Radwaste
Minimization
Impacts to Effluents and Radwaste from Non-Design Basis Materials (2017-
2019)*
Fuel Material Changes on
Radwaste and Corrosion Behavior
(2018-2019)*
Tritium Removal and Reduction Technologies (2018-2019)*
Effect of KOH on Radiation Fields,
Effluents, and Radwaste (2018-
2019)*
Radiation Safety
Guidance
Review of Radiation Safety
Guidelines for Revision (2016-
2018)
PCE Guideline Revision (2017-
2018)*
GW Guideline and Soil and GW Remediation
Guideline Revision(2018-2019)*
Decontamination Sourcebook (2018-
2020)*
Optimization of Industrial
and Radiological
Safety
Optimization of Worker Protection
(2018-2019)*
Funded Work Fund with Modification Unfunded * New
9© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Recommended 2017-2018 Radiation Safety Portfolio(Alternate Prioritization Process)
Fundamental: Benchmarking and Trending
Standard Radiation Field Monitoring and
Characterization (SRMC) Program
(ongoing)
RadBench™ (ongoing)
Low Dose Radiation Health
Effects
Scientific Advisory Committee (ongoing)
International Dose Effect Alliance (IDEA)
(ongoing)
Human and Animal Data Analysis for Low
Dose Rate Effects (2017-2019)
Cancer Risk Modeling - Phase 1
(2018-2019)*
Low Dose Radiation Risk Communication for Decommissioning
(2018-2019)*
Decommissioning Technology and
Strategies
System Automation for Reactor Internals
Segmentation (2017-2019)
DOE Technology Development (2017-
2018)Decommissioning Experience Wiki
(ongoing)Guidance for Mothballing
(2017-2019)*End of Life Plant
Chemistry(2017-2018)*
Low Dose Radiation Risk Communication for Decommissioning
(2018-2019)*
Funded Work
• Not included in general prioritization. Alternate prioritization used.
• RFA on Radiation Safety Benchmarking and
Trending is fundamental to the R&D completed within the program.
• RFA on Low Dose Radiation Health Effects is unique in the technical subjects addressed and have long term implications; therefore, a separate advisory committee made up of scientists and utility representatives from the TAC and APC have been set up to provide technical input.
• RFA on Decommissioning Technology and
Strategies is funded separately and is focused on accelerating the development of tools, technologies, guidance for safe and efficient decommissioning.
Unfunded * New
10© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Prioritized Radiation Safety Research Focus Areas
11© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Joint Water Chemistry and Radiation Safety Research Focus Area:
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source Term)
Focused on minimizing and controlling the radioactivity (i.e. source term) that is generated from nuclear power plant operations
Addresses technologies and strategies for minimizing plant radiation fields
Near term efforts include evaluations of other radionuclides (e.g. non-cobalt) of potential importance to worker exposures, surface modification to minimize contamination and recontamination, optimization of current techniques, and impact of new operating chemistry
Project types Typical deliverables Specific near-term activities
Literature Reviews/Feasibility Studies
Laboratory Testing and Analysis
White Papers Reports Data for R&D
Effect of micro-environments (modified) Surface passivation Hydrophobic treatment technologies Impact of silver and antimony (modified)
Review of Plant Observations Technical Reports Best Practices
Optimization of Zn Injection* Effect of ultra-low iron reducing conditions in
BWRs*
* New project
12© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source Term)
Radioactivity Generation and Control
(Source Term)
1 - High Priority
2 - Medium Priority
3 - Low Priority
High Priority
Mean = 1.44
Median = 1
Leveraged
2017 $295k
2018 $310k
Total $605k
Sample Feedback:
“Impacts of increasing chromium as a result of
replacement steam generators.”
“I would give a '1' to both hydrophobic coatings chemistry
strategies for surface passivation”
“The micro-environments project is of most interest”
“ 1. Optimization of Zinc Injection to Maintain Radiation
Field and PWSCC Benefits While Reducing Costs”
Portfolio Recommendations:
Fund continuing projects
Modify and merge micro-environment and
silver/antimony
Fund Zn optimization with PWR TSG
Delay ultra-low iron (possible project in TSG)
Unfunded
Radioactivity Generation and Control
(Source Term Reduction)
Surface Passivation(2015-2018)
Hydrophobic Coatings
(2016-2017)
Micro-Environment Effect
(2015-2017)
Silver and Antimony (2016-2018)
Optimized Zn(2018)*
Ultra-low Iron in BWRs (2018-
2019)*
* New projectFunded Work Fund with Modification
13© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Research Focus Area:
ALARA Strategies and Technologies
Worker exposure is optimized when source term reduction techniques are coupled with enhancements in worker practices and work planning.
Many technologies have been developed (e.g. zinc injection, fueling cleaning) but an integrated approach and application is needed to fully leverage the benefits of source term and ALARA techniques.
Future efforts will include the development of a Decision Logic for site specific implementation of source term reduction strategies. Ultimately, the integration of this tool with the 3D ALARA planning algorithm and location tracking will provide an integrated means of predicting outage dose rates and worker dose.
Project types Typical deliverables Specific near-term activities
ALARA Planning Tools Source Term Prediction Tools Dose Optimization Strategies
Reports Software Data for R&D
Decision Logic for Source Term Reduction* Use of RMT to Reduce Survey Frequency* Integration of Real Time Dose Data with Location
Tracking for Improved Dose Optimization and Dose Estimates*
* New project
14© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
ALARA Strategies and Technologies
Sample Feedback:
“Suggest a basis document be created to identifying
the number of AMP-100s or equal a plant needs to
eliminate routine radiation surveys.”
“Decision logic for source term reduction is highest
priority item in this RFA. I would rate the worker
tracking as medium priority.”
“..members feel the decision logic will be very
beneficial. Real time dose data and location tracking
would be less achievable in our plants, so we feel it
is of lower priority.”
Portfolio Recommendations:
Fund decision logic
Added project to investigate feasibility of reducing
survey frequency by using RMT (joint with RMST
TSG)
Delay location tracking workAve. Score 1.44
ALARA Strategies and Technologies
1 - High Priority
2 - Medium Priority
3 - Low Priority
High Priority
Mean = 1.67
Median = 2
Funded Work Unfunded
Leveraged
2017 $35k
2018 $0k
Total $35k
ALARA Strategies and Technologies
Source Term Decision Logic (2017-2019)*
RMT for Surveys (2017)*
Location Tracking (2017-2019)*
* New project
15© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
ALARA Strategies and Technologies: Decision Logic for Source Term Reduction
Goal – Reducing Uncertainties and Increasing Success Rate_
Radiation fields Result from multi-variate processes,
Are plant and component specific,
Respond differently to changes.
Operating experiences document Plant specific responses
Varying success to same actions
Adverse responses linked to multiple simultaneous changes.
Project Objectives Test the idea of a universally
employable strategic decision logic that considers plant specific aspect,
Kick start development of a programmatic approach to source term reduction and radiation field optimization.
C. Gregorich
16© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
ALARA Strategies and Technologies: Decision Logic for Source Term Reduction
Goal – Reducing Uncertainties and Increasing Success Rate_
Work ScopeTask 1: Develop Technical Expert Driven Decision
Logic (2017 - )
Task 2: Feasibility Studies – Real-Life Test Case Scenarios (2018 - ) (Cooperation with sites)
• Sister plant radiation evolution• Response variation to known effective source term
reduction strategies
Value & Benefits Assists EPRI membership in
Plant-specific benefit-driven selection of source term reduction strategies,
Lowering radiation fields, reducing
worker dose and achieving CRE goals,
Reducing costs associated with high
radiation and/or contaminated areas .
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2017-2019 (33 mo.)
17© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Remote Monitoring for Routine Surveys
Background:– Member feedback suggests that developing a basis document for
using remote monitoring equipment to reduce or eliminate certain types of routine surveys could be a significant efficiency.
– EPRI started initial examination of issues in 2007. – Significant technological advancements have occurred.– Technical and regulatory hurdles need to be addressed. Instrument checks and calibration Area of validity Transients
D. Cool & K. Kim
18© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Value for Remote Monitoring
Approach:– Brainstorming during 2016 RMT Workshop– Initial development with RMST TSG– Base and TSG support proposed for 2017
Research Value:– Answer the question of if, and when, remote monitoring can be used to reduce routine
surveys– Improve radiation protection operational efficiency and reduce occupational exposures
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2016-2018 (18 mo.)
Develop basis to reduce routine monitoring, increase efficiency, reduce dose
19© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Research Focus Area:
Radiation Measurement and Dosimetry for Workers and Public
Nuclear power plants need to be able to identify and quantify radiological hazards and exposures on site and in the environment.
Work in this Research Focus Area includes
– Investigating and demonstrating advanced, detection and monitoring technologies for site and environmental use
Information from these systems could be used to streamline survey requirements and inform radioactivity removal strategies, effluent management, and waste handling/treatment methods.
– Researching methods and approaches to improve dosimetry for workers and members of the public (e.g. offsite dose)
Project types Typical deliverables Specific near-term activities Radiation Measurement
EPRI Technical Reports Data for R&D
Plant Demonstration of At-power Gamma-isotopic Monitoring*
Dosimetry EPRI Technical Reports Improved Accuracy and Updating Methodology in
Determining Effluent Dose to Members of the Public Shielding Factors for Lens of the Eye*
* New project
20© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Measurement and Dosimetry for Workers and Public
Funded Work Unfunded
Sample Feedback:
“(MED/HIGH) - Improved Accuracy and Updating
Methodology in Determining Effluent Dose to
Members of the Public, (HIGH) - Shielding Factors
for Lens of the Eye”
“shielding factors for lens of the eye protective
equipment is of most interest .., although there is
also a growing degree of interest in the use of
gamma-isotopic monitoring.”
“Finish Effluent dose to public We support lens of
the eye work.”
Portfolio Recommendations:
Fund continuing project
Fund Shielding Factors for Lens of the Eye
Delay at power gamma-isotopic
Radiation Measurement and Dosimetry for
Workers and Public
1 - High Priority
2 - Medium Priority
3 - Low Priority
Medium Priority
Mean = 2.00
Median = 2
Radiation Measurement and Dosimetry
for Workers and Public
Accurate Effluent Public Dose (2015-
2017)
Shielding Factors for Lens of the Eye
(2017-2018)*
At-power Gamma-isotopic Monitoring
(2018-2020)*
* New project
No Leveraged Dollars
21© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Shielding Factors of Protective Equipment for Lens of the Eye
Background:– Global Issue, Right Now– Follow on to EPRI work on Lens of the Eye. – EPRI Lens of Eye Workshop identified need for efforts in area. – There is no methodology or quantification of protection factors for typical
protective equipment used by workers in member facilities– There are no standard phantoms or calibration protocols available, although
progress is being made.
Purpose:– Develop and document a consistent approach for testing of equipment
for protection of the lens of the eye for use by industry and vendors. – Provide a generic set of protection factors for use in planning and
implementing radiation protection for lens of the eye.
D. Cool
22© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Value of Shielding Factors
Research Value:– Provide tools and methodologies for the industry to meet new
regulatory requirements– Consistent approach facilitates acceptance and use– Provide a generic set of factors for protection of the lens of the eye
that could be used in a manner similar to the protection factors found in regulations for respiratory protection.
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2017-2018 (24 mo.)
Develop consistent approach to address Global Issue
23© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Research Focus Area:
Effluent and Radwaste Minimization
Public concerns about radioactive waste management and effluent releases could negatively impact the image of nuclear power around the world.
Work in this RFA supports the minimization and management of effluents and radwaste by:– Investigating advanced technologies and techniques to decrease the generation and release of effluents and low
level waste
– Assessing the impacts to effluents and radwaste programs from changes made to plant design or operations
– Investigating and demonstrating remediation technologies
Project types Typical deliverables Specific near-term activities
Literature Reviews/Feasibility Studies
Laboratory Testing Plant Demonstrations
EPRI technical report Data for R&D
Impacts to Effluents and Radwaste from Radionuclides and Chemicals Generated from Non-Design Basis Materials (modified scope)*
Impact of Fuel Material Changes on Radwaste Characterization and Corrosion Product Behavior: Scoping Assessment*
Effect of a KOH-based pH Program on Radiation Fields, Radioactive Effluents and Waste*
Tritium Removal and Reduction Technologies* Technology Development or
Demonstration EPRI technical report
None
* New project
24© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Effluent and Radwaste Minimization
Funded Work Fund with Modification Unfunded
Effluent and Radwaste Minimization
1 - High Priority
2 - Medium Priority
3 - Low Priority
Medium Priority
Mean = 2.00
Median = 2
Sample Feedback:
“H-3 removal work is complete .. and too expensive
to meet Nuclear Promise…”
“(LOW) - Impacts to Effluents and Radwaste from
Radionuclides and Chemicals Generated from Non-
Design Basis Materials, (HIGH) - Effect of a KOH-
based pH Program on Radiation Fields, Radioactive
Effluents and Waste (MED/HIGH)-Tritium Removal
and Reduction Technologies, (HIGH)-Impact of Fuel
Material Changes on Radwaste Characterization and
Corrosion Product Behavior: Scoping Assessment”
Portfolio Recommendations:
Modify and merge Impacts of Non-Design Materials
with Fuel Material Changes
Delay KOH due to delays in KOH material
qualification
Delay but informally monitor tritium removal
developments
* New project
Effluent and Radwaste
Minimization
Impacts to Effluents and Radwaste from Non-Design Basis Materials (2017-
2019)*
Fuel Material Changes on
Radwaste and Corrosion Behavior
(2018-2019)*
Tritium Removal and Reduction Technologies (2018-2019)*
Effect of KOH on Radiation Fields,
Effluents, and Radwaste (2018-
2019)*
Leveraged
2017 $60k
2018 $95k
Total $155k
25© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact of Materials Changes on Radwaste and Corrosion Products – Fuel material scoping assessment
New materials and chemicals have been added– Impacts not understand
Fuel materials are changing– Possible impacts to fuel performance, waste
classification, radiation fields, and filter performance
Nb-93 activates to Nb-94 (20,000 yr, decay by beta/gamma emission)
Nb-95/Zr-95 are gamma emitters (radiation field concern)
– Impacts most design typesGarde, A.M., ASTM STP 1295
Potential impact on radiation field and radwaste not well understood
D. Wells & K. Kim
Element, % Zircaloy-2 Zircaloy-4 Std. Zirlo Opt. Zirlo M5
Zr balance balance balance balance balance
Sn 1.2-1.7 1.2-1.7 0.8-1.1 0.60-0.79
Fe 0.07-0.20 0.18-0.24 0.09-0.13 0.09-0.13
Cr 0.05-0.15 0.07-0.13
Ni 0.03-0.08 Max. 0.007
O 0.09-0.16 0.09-0.16 0.10-0.15 0.10-0.15 0.090-0.149
C Max. 0.027 Max. 0.027
Nb Max. 0.01 Max. 0.01 0.8-1.2 0.8-1.2 0.8-1.2
Hf Max. 0.01 Max. 0.01
W Max. 0.01 Max. 0.01
U Max. 0.00035 Max. 0.00035Fuel Reliability Guidelines: PWR Fuel Cladding Corrosion and Crud, Revision 1: Volume 2, Guidance. EPRI, Palo Alto, CA: 2014. 3002002795.
26© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact of Materials Changes on Radwaste and Corrosion Products – Fuel Material Scoping Assessment
Objective: Identify potential new source terms and characterize correlations between fuel assembly materials of construction and plant source terms (radiation field and radwaste)
Project Approach– Identify potential new source terms due to non-
design basis materials– Collect and analyze data sources for changes
in contamination due to fuel materials CVCS / RWCU filter use, dose rates,
change-out frequency Coolant activity Ultrasonic fuel cleaning filter dose and
isotopics Crud scrape data
– Summarize findings and determine if future work is warranted
Value: Provide information about Zr and Nbradioisotopic contamination in PWRs and BWRs to aid– Fuel reliability engineers in understanding
prevalence of oxide spallation – Chemistry and radiation management staff and
understanding of impacts on worker dose, reactor coolant purification, and waste classification
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2018-2019 (24 mo.)
Proposed for co-funding with Chemistry, Radiation Safety, and Fuel Reliability
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2018-2019 (24 mo.)
27© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Research Focus Area:
Radiation Safety Guidance
Development and maintenance of guidelines, guides, and sourcebooks in the areas of – radiation protection,
– source term reduction,
– radiological environmental protection, and
– low level waste management
Technical bases and support of regulatory activities (e.g. BTP, VLLW)Project types Typical deliverables Specific near-term activities
Guideline Development Guidelines Best Practices
Review of Radiation Safety Related Guidelines for Revision PCE Guideline Revision* Revision to GW Guideline and Soil and GW Remediation
Guideline*
Sourcebook Development Best Practices Decontamination Sourcebook*
* New project
28© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Guidance
Funded Work Unfunded
Radiation Safety Guidance
1 - High Priority
2 - Medium Priority
3 - Low Priority
Medium Priority
Mean = 2.04
Median = 2
Sample Feedback:
“We support revisions to the Personal Contamination
guidelines to correct for NRC comments and update
the low level waste characterization Guidelines only.
Do not fund GP and soil remediation. Do not fund
the Decon Source book…”
“..rated this as high due the cross reference to other
guidance documents (like INPO 05-008 -
Radiological Protection at NPPs)…”
Portfolio Recommendations:
Fund continuing project
Fund PCE GL revision
Delay GW Guideline and Soil and GW Remediation
GL – gap analysis indicates no changes to
recommendations, minor edits only
Delay Decontamination Sourcebook
No Leveraged Dollars
* New project
Radiation Safety
Guidance
Review of Radiation Safety
Guidelines for Revision (2016-
2018)
PCE Guideline Revision (2017-
2018)*
GW Guideline and Soil and GW Remediation
Guideline Revision(2018-2019)*
Decontamination Sourcebook (2018-
2020)*
29© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
PCE Guidelines Update
Background:– The EPRI Guidelines for Industry Response to Personal
Contaminations (Product 1011740) as last revised in November, 2005.
– The Guidelines are a key piece of implementing an effective and protective radiation protection program.
– Requests to assess action levels, measurement locations, further actions for facial and wound contamination, communication of risk.
– NRC concern that the EPRI guidelines might have mischaracterized NRC requirements1.
– A Delivering the Nuclear Promise Efficiency Bulletin2 has resulted in additional focus on use of the guidelines.
D. Cool
1 ADAMS ML15187A3882 NEI Efficiency Bulletin 16-03, Align Personnel Contamination
Event Response to Industry Guidance, February 2, 2016
30© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Value of PCE Guidelines Update
Approach– Short term action to address NRC concern– Working Group to develop revision
Research Value:– Guidance clearly consistent with regulatory requirements and
interpretations– Clarification of special issues not previously addressed– Communication tools for sensitive public and worker topics– Availability of OE and Lessons Learned on prevention, mitigation,
and response– Increase efficiency, reduce cost while maintaining safety
Up to date guidelines address issues, facilitate communicationsProposed Duration and Timing: 2017-2018 (24 mo.)
31© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Research Focus Area:
Optimization of Industrial and Radiological Safety
Radiation safety and Industrial safety are important components of the nuclear industry’s safety culture.
An integrated approach/strategy is needed to address aspects that influence both programs so that workers are protected against the overall risk.
Work may include the development of a systematic approach for risk recognition, risk assessment, and risk mitigation of hazards that impact decisions in industrial safety and radiological safety. Demonstrations of advanced monitoring and protection technologies may also be pursued.
Research will be done in collaboration with EPRI’s Occupational Health and Safety Program.
Project types Typical deliverables Specific near-term activities
Program guidance Technical Reports Best Practices Workshop
Guidance for Optimization of Worker Protection: Addressing Radiation Safety and Industrial Safety Concerns*
Advanced technologies Plant Demonstrations None
* New project
32© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Optimization of Industrial and Radiological Safety
Unfunded
Optimization of Industrial and Radiological
Safety
1 - High Priority
2 - Medium Priority
3 - Low Priority
Low Priority
Mean = 2.2
Median = 2
Sample Feedback:
“Relative to the other 5 - I rate this as a medium - but
still important - but everything can't be a one.”
“This can be innovative research with the most
immediate worker benefit/impact. The aging work
force and economic pressures on the industry make
this effort very timely.”
Portfolio Recommendations:
Delay optimization guidance but continue to work
with EPRI’s Occupational Health and Safety group to
identify collaborative opportunities
No Leveraged Dollars
Optimization of Industrial
and Radiological
Safety
Optimization of Worker Protection
(2018-2019)*
* New project
33© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Research Focus Areas Not Included in Prioritization
Fundamental: Benchmarking and TrendingLow Dose Radiation Health Effects
Decommissioning Technology and Strategies
34© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Research Focus Area:
Benchmarking and Trending (Fundamental)
Robust datasets are needed to identify improvements in plant operations and enhance public and worker safetyNear term efforts include maintaining RadBench™ website and presenting
trends at annual EPRI/ASME Radwaste WorkshopFuture efforts include continuing expansion of both SRMP/BRAC and
RadBench™ to include data from plants outside the U.S. and begin migration towards internet based access for SRMP/BRAC
Project types Typical deliverables Specific near-term activities
Standard Radiation Field Monitoring and CharacterizationProgram (SRMC)
Benchmarking summary reports Radiation field and characterization
data for R&D
Maintenance of SRMP and BRAC Database enhancements Online access
RadBench™ RadBench™ website RadBench™ Maintenance
C. Gregorich
K. Kim
35© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Research Focus Area:
Low Dose Radiation Health Effects Low dose radiation health effect estimates forms the basis for radiation safety policies/standards and plant
operational practices Sound technical basis is needed to inform standards, policies, and practices. Efforts to date have included reviews and syntheses of studies related to low dose rate cancer risks (e.g.
BEIR VII DDREF), non-cancer risks (e.g. cataracts), and recommendations for the National Academies of Sciences (NAS) cancer study of populations living near nuclear facilities.
Project types Typical deliverables Specific near-term activities
Low dose cancer risks Peer reviewed journal articles EPRI Key Issue Summary
Analysis of animal and human data for dose rate effects*
Cancer Risk Modeling
Emerging Issues / Non-cancer effects
EPRI Technical reports Peer reviewed journal articles EPRI Publication Summary
Risk Communication Tools EPRI Technical reports Best Practices in Radiation Risk Communication:
Decommissioning
Facilitate international collaboration
Workshops/meetings Executive Briefing of Research and Issues
International Dose Effect Alliance (IDEA)* Low Dose Scientific Advisory Committee (SAC)*
* Continuing project
D. Cool
36© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Why is Low Dose Risk Important?
Low Dose is a fundamental, global issue which impacts everything from dose limits to public perceptions Protection policies apply conservative and precautionary approaches due to
not knowing the dose – effect relationship Reduce Uncertainty
Dialogue continues…. ICRP task groups on DDREF, Effective Dose, Detriment … NCRP recommendations under development EPA regulation changes being considered
Goal: Reduce uncertainties in risk estimates to inform next set of standards
37© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Scientific Advisory Committee
Objectives:– Monitor global Low Dose research activities– Provide independent ongoing programmatic review – Provide independent scientific review of research projects and scientific
articles– Provide research ideas
Scientific and Industry input to guide EPRI program
38© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Low Dose RFA Objectives
Develop a technical basis for more accurate and plausible radiation health risk models and interpretations that incorporates the most up to date science– Analyze existing epidemiological and animal databases for information to
improve estimates of risk– Comprehensive review of existing, influential studies– Synthesize research into an integrated pictureProvide a platform and lead a dialogue and collaboration
amongst research organizationsProvide technical input to inform decisions related to current
issues
39© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Low Dose Portfolio Proposal 2017-2018Low Dose Cancer
RisksEmerging Issues
Non-Cancer RisksGlobal Research
CoordinationCommunication
Tools
Human and Animal Data Analysis
Low Dose Cancer Risk Modeling
Monitor Emerging Issues
Scientific Advisory Committee
International Dose Effect Alliance
Technical Issue Summaries
Communicationrelated toDecommissioning
40© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
International Dose Effect Alliance (IDEA)
Background:– Research on effects of ionizing radiation is
occurring in many countries throughout the world.
– There are currently no established international mechanisms for discussing and collaborating on low dose radiation research priorities, strategies, programs, or results.
– A forum is needed to facilitate collaboration and cooperation.
41© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Research Studies• EPRI Reports• Publications in peer-reviewed journals
Scientific Committees• Review latest science and trends• Consider Experience, Ethics, Prudence
Regulatory Agencies• Review Recommendations• Procedural and Public Processes
Recommendations
Standards
Findings
42© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
IDEA Vision
Mission
• Facilitate information exchange and collaboration on low dose radiation research programs.
• Identify issues, areas of synergy, and opportunities for additional research.
• Foster integrated, outcome oriented approaches to resolve low dose risk.
Goals
• Develop connections between programs conducting low dose radiation research.
• Facilitate discussions across countries and regions.
• Organize collaborative forums for exchange of research priorities, strategies, programs, and results.
Phases
• Phase 1:• Initiate discussions,
identify organizations.• Organize a first
workshop to explore current programs and the possibilities for collaborative activity
Vision: International platform for information exchange, discussion, cooperation, and collaboration in low dose radiation research
43© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
IDEA Vision
Mission
• Facilitate information exchange and collaboration on low dose radiation research programs.
• Identify issues, areas of synergy, and opportunities for additional research.
• Foster integrated, outcome oriented approaches to resolve low dose risk.
Goals
• Develop connections between programs conducting low dose radiation research.
• Facilitate discussions across countries and regions.
• Organize collaborative forums for exchange of research priorities, strategies, programs, and results.
Phases
• Phase 1:• Initiate discussions,
identify organizations.• Organize a first
workshop to explore current programs and the possibilities for collaborative activity
Vision: International platform for information exchange, discussion, cooperation, and collaboration in low dose radiation research
44© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
IDEA Vision
Mission
• Facilitate information exchange and collaboration on low dose radiation research programs.
• Identify issues, areas of synergy, and opportunities for additional research.
• Foster integrated, outcome oriented approaches to resolve low dose risk.
Goals
• Develop connections between programs conducting low dose radiation research.
• Facilitate discussions across countries and regions.
• Organize collaborative forums for exchange of research priorities, strategies, programs, and results.
Phases
• Phase 1:• Initiate discussions,
identify organizations.• Organize a first
workshop to explore current programs and the possibilities for collaborative activity
Vision: International platform for information exchange, discussion, cooperation, and collaboration in low dose radiation research
45© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
IDEA Vision
Mission
• Facilitate information exchange and collaboration on low dose radiation research programs.
• Identify issues, areas of synergy, and opportunities for additional research.
• Foster integrated, outcome oriented approaches to resolve low dose risk.
Goals
• Develop connections between programs conducting low dose radiation research.
• Facilitate discussions across countries and regions.
• Organize collaborative forums for exchange of research priorities, strategies, programs, and results.
Phases
• Phase 1:• Initiate discussions,
identify organizations.
• Organize a first workshop to explore current programs and the possibilities for collaborative activity
Vision: International platform for information exchange, discussion, cooperation, and collaboration in low dose radiation research
46© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
IDEA Value
– Leverage external research results to enhance and accelerate EPRI’s research program - more bang for the buck
– Global coordination of research to target and solve most important technical gaps
– Information flow to utilities on key issues and developments
Proposed Duration and Timing: ongoing
Leverage global resources to enhance, accelerate, and target research results
47© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Low Dose Cancer Risk Modeling
Background:– Conservative approach to RP used to address uncertainties– Epidemiology studies do not have sufficient statistical
power to predict risks at occupational dose levels– Radiation Biology provides insights at molecular and cellular levels– A plausible and predictive model to link radiation biology and
epidemiology has yet to be created
Radiation Cell Tissue Person
48© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Approach to Low Dose Modeling
Develop Model Framework– Logical series of steps from cause to effect– First of its kind application to radiation exposure
Develop steps of model– Build on EPRI work to outline existing body of
knowledge– Possible key step in model – cellular and
intercellular microenvironments and communication– Synthesize available literature to identify key
markers for further evaluation
49© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Value of Low Dose Modeling
Reduce UncertaintyConnect cause and effectsExplain relationshipsRisk Inform approaches - PRA for RPCredible input to regulations, guidance,
programs, communications
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2017-2019 (36 mo.)
Reduced uncertainty risk informed radiation protection
50© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Research Focus Area:
Decommissioning Technology and Strategies Part of life cycle of the plant
Oversight of portfolio is provided by decommissioning supplemental program members
Decommissioning of commercial nuclear power reactors is a complex process typically requiring ten years or more to complete, at a cost of more than $600 million.
Opportunities exist for EPRI to facilitate more cost effective, safe decommissioning of nuclear power plants by compiling best practices from past and ongoing decommissioning projects, developing structured and practical guidance for executing an effective decommissioning program, and facilitating technology transfer between nuclear plant owners and industry experts.
Project types Typical deliverables Specific near-term activities
Program guidance EPRI Technical Reports
Guidance for Mothballing a Nuclear Power Plant* End of Plant Life Chemistry Control Optimization and
Consideration of Cost Minimization and Recovery (joint with Chemistry)*
Best Practices in Low Dose Radiation Risk Communication: Decommissioning (joint with Low Dose)*
Technology demonstrations EPRI technical reports System Automation for Reactor Internals Segmentation DOE Technology Development
Knowledge Transfer Wiki database Commercial Nuclear Plant Decommissioning Experience Wiki
* New project
R. Reid & R. McGrath
51© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Why Focus on Reactor Internals Segmentation
Typically one of the most challenging nuclear power plant decommissioning tasks.– Potential for high exposures– Long project durations (2-3 years)– Contributes to high total costsPrevious EPRI work on automation (Phase 1):
– Systematically evaluated all decommissioning tasks to identify candidate tasks for automation
– Results: highest priority tasks are reactor internals segmentation, site characterization and concrete decontamination
R. McGrath
Goal: Automate reactor internals segmentation to decrease worker exposures and increase efficiency_
52© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
System Automation for Reactor Internals Segmentation (2017 –2019)
Objective: Develop manipulator and/or cutting technologies that can be automated to safely reduce the duration of reactor internals segmentation projects. 2017 – Begin development of automated cutting
technology and perform pilot scale testing. 2018 - Based on the results of the pilot scale
testing, full scale testing on non-irradiated metal would be conducted. 2019 - Using technologies tested in 2018, a full
scale field demonstration would be conducted on irradiated metal.
Segmentation Plan for Reactor Internals
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2017-2019 (33 mo.)
53© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Development of US Department of Energy D&D Technologies for Commercial Power Plant Decommissioning (2016-2018)
More than 20 years of R&D experience available in the US DOE Environmental Management program– Field-proven technologies in all areas
related to facility decontamination and dismantlement in DOE facilities
– Potential for cost savings Project objectives
– Collaborative demonstration of promising field-proven technologies
– Collaborative R&D to develop new technologies
Integrated Remote Platform for Application ofFixatives on Vertical Surfaces at ORNL
Assessment of US Department of Energy D&D Technologies for Commercial Power Plant Decommissioning, 3002005411, 2015
R. McGrath
54© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Project Approach and Research Value Currently collaborating with DOE to identify
technology(s) of interest for demonstration.
Proposed 2017 scope:
– Develop a DOE technology(s) to a field-ready state OR
– Conduct a field demonstration of a field-ready DOE technology not previously demonstrated
Proposed 2018 scope:
– Field demonstration of technology OR
– Conduct a field demonstration of a different field-ready DOE technology
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2016-2018 (21 mo.)
Value: Reduce the overall cost of decommissioning by deploying advanced technologies for
decontamination and dismantlement. Potential cost savings of $300,000+ per day. _
55© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Decommissioning Database (2016 to 2018) A wealth of experience is available from completed
and ongoing decommissioning projects Experience largely captured in more than 35 EPRI
reports There is a need for a searchable database for
decommissioning experience covering all areas (planning, execution, site characterization and release) Began development of Wiki-format database in 2016
– Include EPRI data and other data sources– Database roll out in 2016– Adding functionality and content in 2017 and 2018
R. Reid
Proposed Duration and Timing: ongoing
56© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Guidance for Mothballing a Nuclear Power Plant (2017-2018)Motivation
Economic conditions have forced the early shut down of several plants recently and others are at risk The current practice is permanent plant shut
down, leading to decommissioning An alternative is long term storage until economic
conditions improve (nominally 10 years)– Common practice for fossil plants
This supports the energy strategy in most countries that will rely on nuclear power over the long term to reduce greenhouse gas emissions
R. Reid
57© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Guidance for Mothballing a Nuclear Power Plant (2017-2018)Project
Guidance will include activities in the following areas:– Plant operation during the final operating cycle;– Chemistry controls and other activities during
shutdown;– Establishment of stable storage conditions;– Monitoring and other actions to be taken during
plant storage;– Preparing the plant for restart; and– Controls and monitoring during restart.Guidance will include technical, regulatory
and economic considerationsProposed Duration and Timing: 2017-2019 (36 mo.)
58© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Other Radiation Safety Projects Outside of Base
Radiation Management and Source Term Technical Strategy GroupLow Level Waste Technical Strategy Group
Groundwater Technical Strategy GroupFlexible Operations
Delivering the Nuclear PromiseDecommissioning Supplemental Program
59© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Other Radiation Safety Projects Outside of Base
Radiation Management and Source Term TSG
Low Level Waste TSG Groundwater TSG Flexible Operations Delivering the Nuclear
Promise Decommissioning
Supplemental Program
0.00
1.00
2.00
3.00
4.00
5.00
6.00
2017 2018
Fun
din
g (i
n m
illio
ns)
Year
Radiation Safety Budget (2017 - 2018)
Decommissioning Supplemental TSGs (RMST, GW, LLW)Leveraged Base TSG = Technical Strategy Group
60© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
RMST TSG R&D (2016-2017)
Review of state of the art radiation field modeling (3002008176 to be published 2016)
PWR Shutdown Release – 2016 Summary (3002008177 to be published 2016)
Influence of RCP practices during shutdown on outage radiation field (3002008183 to be published 2016)
Ex-core isotopic monitoring following zinc injection start (joint w/ PWR Chemistry TSG)
Use of RMT to reduce survey frequency –feasibility study
61© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
LLW TSG R&D (2016-2017)
Low Level Waste Related Knowledge Transfer Management of Hard-to-Detect
Radionuclides in Liquid Radwaste/EffluentsLow Level Waste Sampling and
Characterization Guidance
62© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
GW TSG R&D (2016-2017)
Groundwater Knowledge Transfer
Groundwater Site Conceptual Model Template & Sourcebook
63© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Impacts to Radiation Safety from Cycling Power (Flexible Operations)
• Material corrosion behavior
• Primary chemistry• Fuel crud behavior
Corrosion Product Behavior
• Inventory and mobility of activated corrosion products radiation field generation
Radiological Source Term (funded) • Increased liquid
radwaste volumes solid radwaste
• Release of effluents to environment
Effluents and Radwaste (funded)
• Increased monitoring
• Increased exposure
RP and Occupational Exposure (unfunded)
Cycling reactor power may introduce changes that could impact radiation safety programs
64© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Phase 1: Assess the Impact of Flexible Operations on Source Term/Radiation Fields (2016-2017)
Identify knowledge gaps and challenges to source term and radiation field generation:– Survey component reliability, corrosion behavior, operational
practices, and radiation fields in BWRs and PWRs that have executed load following (e.g. Columbia, Comanche Peak) Hot spots Isotopic data Plant radiation field monitoring
– Review global experiences (e.g. WANO, IAEA, EDF)– Leverage ongoing work from BWR and PWR chemistry and
Fuel Reliability
C. Gregorich
65© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Phase 2: Assess Impact of Flexible Operations on Effluents (Gaseous, Liquid) and Radwaste (2017- 2018)Assess impacts to gaseous and liquid effluents by
collecting data and OE:– Generation of liquid and gaseous radwaste– Volume, activity concentration, isotopic composition of
radwaste generated– Capacity of gaseous and liquid radwaste systems– Frequency and volume of releases (continuous or batch)Assess impacts on amount and characteristics of
wet solid waste generation, packaging, transport, and disposal
K. Kim
66© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Optimization of the Frequency of Source Checks of Portable Radiation Survey Instruments Objectives:
– Determine if a technical basis can be developed to optimize the frequency of portable radiation survey meter source checks.
– This technical basis will be based on review of: Existing standards / guidance Current practices - meter testing,
maintenance, and calibration Operational performance history
and maintenance logs.
Project Tasks:– Review regulations and guidance
documents.– Develop data collection protocol– Collect utility data An ion chamber survey meter Provide a summary report of the
results of the data collection.– Provide recommendations and
develop technical basis to support the optimized frequency of source checks.
Need Help
K. Kim
67© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Decommissioning Supplemental R&D Projects (2016 – 2017+) In addition to Base Funded Research
I. Planning and Regulatory Guidance for establishing safe storage
II. Dismantlement Review of US Department of Energy (DOE)
D&D technologies for commercial power plant decommissioning
Review and assessment of robotic systems and process automation for commercial power plant decommissioning
III. Waste Management Characterization of long-lived, hard-to-measure
activation products in irradiated metals
Decommissioning waste management tracking software technical specification (eliminate the mystery drum scenario)
Management of hazardous waste
IV. Site Characterization and Release
Review of geostatistical approaches to characterization of subsurface contamination
Groundwater monitoring during decommissioning
Use of CZT for site characterization and ALARA planning
68© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source
Term Reduction) Surface Passivation
(2015-2018)
Hydrophobic Coatings(2016-2017)
Micro-Environment Effect(2015-2017)
Silver and Antimony (2016-2018)
Optimized Zn(2018)*
PWR Shutdown Releases
RCP Practices during Shutdown
Impact of Flex Ops on Source Term
ALARA Strategies and Technologies
Source Term Decision Logic
(2017-2019)*
RMT for Surveys (2017)*
Review of Radiation Field Modeling
Radiation Measurement and Dosimetry
for Workers and Public
Accurate Effluent Public Dose (2015-2017)
Shielding Factors for Lens of the Eye (2017-2018)*
Ex-core Isotopic Monitoring Following Zn
Injection
HTD Radionuclides in Liquid Radwaste and
Effluents
Optimization of Source Checks for Portable
Instruments
Effluent and Radwaste
Minimization
Impacts to Effluents and Radwaste from Non-
Design Basis Materials (2017-2019)*
Fuel Material Changes on Radwaste and Corrosion Behavior (2018-2019)*
LLW Knowledge Transfer Database
GW Knowledge Transfer Database
Lesson Learned and Observations from GW
Assessments
Impact of Flex Ops on Effluents and Radwaste
Radiation Safety
Guidance
Review of Radiation Safety Guidelines for Revision (2016-2018)
PCE Guideline Revision (2017-2018)*
LLW Sampling and Characterization
Guideline Revision
GW Site Conceptual Model Template and
Sourcebook
Funded Work Fund with Modification * New TSG Funded Other Funded
2017-2018 Radiation Safety and Decommissioning PortfolioIncluding TSG and Non-Radiation Safety Program Funded Work
69© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
2017-2018 Radiation Safety and Decommissioning PortfolioIncluding TSG and Non-Radiation Safety Program Funded Work
Fundamental: Benchmarking and Trending
Standard Radiation Field Monitoring and Characterization (SRMC)
Program(ongoing)
RadBench™ (ongoing)
Low Dose Radiation Health
Effects
Scientific Advisory Committee (ongoing)
International Dose Effect Alliance (IDEA) (ongoing)
Human and Animal Data Analysis for Low Dose Rate Effects
(2017-2019)
Cancer Risk Modeling - Phase 1(2018-2019)*
Decommissioning Technology and
Strategies
System Automation for Reactor Internals Segmentation
(2017-2019)
DOE Technology Development (2017-2018)
Decommissioning Experience Wiki (ongoing)
Guidance for Mothballing(2017-2019)*
Decommissioning Supplemental
Guidance for Safe Storage
Review of DOE Technologies
Review of Robotic and Automation Technologies
Characterization of HTM Activation Products in Irradiated Metals
Decommissioning Waste Tracking Software Specifications
Management of Hazardous Waste
Geostatistical Approaches to Site Characterization
GW Monitoring During Decommissioning
Use of CZT for Site Characterization
Funded Work Supplemental Funding * New
70© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Recommended 2017-2018 Radiation Safety Portfolio
Radioactivity Generation and Control
(Source Term Reduction)
Surface Passivation(2015-2018)
Hydrophobic Coatings
(2016-2017)
Micro-Environment Effect
(2015-2017)
Silver and Antimony (2016-2018)
Optimized Zn(2018)*
Ultra-low Iron in BWRs (2018-
2019)*
ALARA Strategies and Technologies
Source Term Decision Logic (2017-2019)*
RMT for Surveys (2017)*
Location Tracking (2017-2019)*
Radiation Measurement and Dosimetry
for Workers and Public
Accurate Effluent Public Dose (2015-
2017)
Shielding Factors for Lens of the Eye
(2017-2018)*
At-power Gamma-isotopic Monitoring
(2018-2020)*
Effluent and Radwaste
Minimization
Impacts to Effluents and Radwaste from Non-Design Basis Materials (2017-
2019)*
Fuel Material Changes on
Radwaste and Corrosion Behavior
(2018-2019)*
Tritium Removal and Reduction Technologies (2018-2019)*
Effect of KOH on Radiation Fields,
Effluents, and Radwaste (2018-
2019)*
Radiation Safety
Guidance
Review of Radiation Safety
Guidelines for Revision (2016-
2018)
PCE Guideline Revision (2017-
2018)*
GW Guideline and Soil and GW Remediation
Guideline Revision(2018-2019)*
Decontamination Sourcebook (2018-
2020)*
Optimization of Industrial
and Radiological
Safety
Optimization of Worker Protection
(2018-2019)*
Funded Work Fund with Modification * New
71© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Recommended 2017-2018 Radiation Safety Portfolio(Alternate Prioritization Process)
Fundamental: Benchmarking and Trending
Standard Radiation Field Monitoring and
Characterization (SRMC) Program
(ongoing)
RadBench™ (ongoing)
Low Dose Radiation Health
Effects
Scientific Advisory Committee (ongoing)
International Dose Effect Alliance (IDEA)
(ongoing)
Human and Animal Data Analysis for Low
Dose Rate Effects (2017-2019)
Cancer Risk Modeling - Phase 1
(2018-2019)*
Low Dose Radiation Risk Communication for Decommissioning
(2018-2019)*
Decommissioning Technology and
Strategies
System Automation for Reactor Internals
Segmentation (2017-2019)
DOE Technology Development (2017-
2018)Decommissioning Experience Wiki
(ongoing)Guidance for Mothballing
(2017-2019)*
End of Life Plant Chemistry
(2017-2018)*Low Dose Radiation Risk Communication for Decommissioning
(2018-2019)*
Funded Work
• Not included in general prioritization. Alternate prioritization used.
• RFA on Radiation Safety Benchmarking and
Trending is fundamental to the R&D completed within the program.
• RFA on Low Dose Radiation Health Effects is unique in the technical subjects addressed and have long term implications; therefore, a separate advisory committee made up of scientists and utility representatives from the TAC and APC have been set up to provide technical input.
• RFA on Decommissioning Technology and
Strategies is funded separately and is focused on accelerating the development of tools, technologies, guidance for safe and efficient decommissioning.
* New
72© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
73© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Chemistry and Radiation Safety Department Contacts
.
Name Email PhoneSam Choi [email protected] +1 650-855-8747Donald Cool [email protected] +1 704-595-2541Lisa Edwards [email protected] +1 469-586-7468Paul Frattini [email protected] +1 650-855-2027Keith Fruzzetti [email protected] +1 650-855-2211Susan Garcia [email protected] +1 650-855-2239Carola Gregorich [email protected] +1 650-855-8917Karen Kim [email protected] +1 650-855-2190Nicole Lynch [email protected] +1 650-855-2060Joel McElrath [email protected] +1 650-714-4557Richard McGrath [email protected] +1 401-258-9093Phung Tran [email protected] +1 650-855-2158Daniel Wells [email protected] +1 650-855-8630
74© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Continuing Project Slides
75© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source Term)
Continuing Projects
76© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source Term Reduction)Chemistry Strategies for Surface Passivation
Why –– All reactors and all metal surfaces are affected– Metallic surface exposed to high-temperature water will corrode– Corrosion products exposed to neutrons will activate – Activated corrosion products will generate radiation fields
What –– Identify novel surface passivation approach that minimizes metal releases,
corrosion rates, and/or activity buildup – during component production and/or in situ – before in service and after decontamination
– Initiate technology transfer of proof-of-principle candidates
So what –Lower corrosion leads to
higher equipment reliability, less maintenance, lower radiation fields and reduced worker dose
Stopping Metal Release is Most Effective Course of Action
C. Gregorich
77© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Project Approach - Progress Phase 1 – Review State-of-the-Art Knowledge Phase 2 – Test most promising technologies – in progress Phase 3 – Develop scale-up protocols and validate Phase 4 – Development of plant demonstration criteria
2015 2016 2017 2018Phase 1
Phase 2 Phase 4Phase 3
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source Term Reduction)Chemistry Strategies for Surface Passivation
Collaboration with Materials Aging Institute
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2015-2018 (48 mo.)
78© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Hydrophobic Coatings - Reduce Contamination/Worker DoseKey Research Question: Can commercial hydrophobic coatings assist in
decontamination control and dose reduction? Does their degradation introduce detrimental species? What is their durability? How effective are they?
Can a standard qualification protocolbe developed?
What are reasonable criteria?
Project Approach:1) Survey globally nuclear and non-nuclear industry – best practices
and utilized hydrophobic coatings. Review chemical and physical surface modification treatments and technologies for
a. Durability of hydrophobicity,b. Release of potential detrimental species,c. Compatibility with materials of construction.
2) Create a state-of-the-art knowledge base3) Identify gaps and opportunities.4) Conduct demonstration under plant-like conditions. 5) Develop criteria for plant demonstration, verification and
validation.
Objective: Assess hydrophobic coatings effectiveness
and durability Evaluate formation/release of species
detrimental to asset protection and fuel reliability
Develop criteria of performance acceptance
Value: Assist plants in coatings selection Improve contamination control –
fewer PCEs and lower dose Saves cost – reduces qualification testing decontamination and
contamination control efforts
Particulate Surface Contamination Causes Radiation Fields & PCE’s, i.e. Worker Dose
2016
2017
79© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Hydrophobic Coatings - ProgressReview of current use in nuclear and other industries in progressSurvey questionnaire has been send to members
– Responses to-date: 24 responses – 13 utilities (2 non-US) – 18 sites 3 utilities – 6 sites – are using/testing hydrophobic coatings Applications – coating of stainless steel surfaces
– Sample sinks– Spent fuel pool tools– Casks (removal of fuel from spent fuel pool to dry cask storage)– Steam Generator downdraft table and water filter
2 types (Rustoleum Never Wet & Ultra Ever Dry) – applied per manufacturer instructions as aerosol Limited independent/verifying performance testing
80© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Hydrophobic Coatings – Next StepsFinalize
– Review of use in other industries– Survey of membership – if you’d like to add, send request
to [email protected] most promising coatings for testing in addition
to coating currently used by membersPerform durability and performance testing
– Under common conditions (chemistry and radiation)– Assessing Initial releases of potential detrimental species Releases of potential detrimental species over simulated
lifetime Lifetime of hydrophobic effectiveness
WebCastWhite Paper4th Qtr 2016
Final Report2017
81© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source Term Reduction)Impact of Micro-Environment on Radiation Fields
Nee
d Radiation fields are: controlled by local (system) specific
physicochemical conditions impacted by intended and unintended
operational changes
Obj
ectiv
e
Assess impact of chemistry program changes on local radiation fields
Identify local radiation field response variations to the same change
• Survey and evaluate literature on colloid formation under LWR conditions.
• Survey global industry data to identify situations and collate experiences
Phase 1in progressTR in 2016
Experimental program to investigate under specified local conditions:• Effect of radiation on corrosion
product deposition• Colloid formation, transport, and
deposition behavior
Phase 2in planning2016-2017
Expands fundamental knowledge of radiation field generation in multivariate primary coolant systems responding to implemented chemistry mitigation
strategies for asset protection, radiation field and source term reduction
C. Gregorich
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2015-2017 (36 mo.)
82© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source Term Reduction)Silver and Antimony Impact on Radiation Field Control
2.5 g cobalt or 1g silver activate to 60Co or 110mAg, resp., and cause radiation fields of equal magnitude.
Silver and antimony* sources might be more abound than previously thought: reactor vessel head seals,reactor control rod cluster assemblies, metal O-rings, valve seat seals, lead-free solder, brazing and welding material – and environmental sources
Silver and antimony chemistries are complex – in particular, under changing redox, pH, and temperature in a radiation field – and therefore, identification and quantification can be challenging.
Obj
ectiv
e
Identify sources Develop better knowledge of high-
temperature Ag and Sb speciation,solubility and reaction dynamics
Control impact on radiation fieldsa) though tools, technologies, strategies or
alternate component materials b) by eliminating ingress of silver and antimonyc) removal the elements effectively before their
activation, or their activation products
Scop
e/Ap
proa
ch Phase 1 – 2016 Survey & review global industry
knowledge base Develop experimental scope of work
Phase 2 – 2017-2018 Detailed plant monitoring program Lab testing – speciation, solubility, and reaction dynamic under simulated conditions
Valu
e/B
enef
it
The knowledge gained and opportunities identified will guide the global fleet in achieving excellence in radiation field control. Furthermore, the results will assist new builds by learning from the current fleet’s experiences and knowledge.
*Fine print: Equivalent masses of nickel or antimony activate to 58Co or 124Sb, resp., and cause radiation fields of equal magnitude.
C. Gregorich
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2016-2018 (36 mo.)
83© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Merge of Micro-Environment and Silver/Antimony Project
Radiation field effects of micro-environments result from surface interaction of ionic, solvated, and activated species– Species of emphasis originate from Zn, Ni, Co, Cr, Ag, and Sb– Speciation and surface interaction are temperature and pH dependent– Micro environments of emphasis – low temperature region RHR Coolant cleanup system Heat exchangers
Current radiation field challenges make this merge a natural fit– High Ag/Sb contribution in low temperature regions with unclear Zn influence
84© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Ag/Sb/Zn – Low Temperature Speciation - Scope
2016– Finalize OE review of micro-environments report– Review state-of art knowledge on silver and antimony speciation under LWR
conditions– Develop experimental program to investigate speciation and surface
interaction of silver, antimony, and zinc 2017
– Start experimental studies 2018
– Report findings
85© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Guides
Continuing Projects
86© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Review of Radiation Safety Guidelines for RevisionProgram: Radiation Safety
Research Focus Area:
Radiation Safety Guidance
Project Name: Review of EPRI Radiation Safety Guidelines for Revision
Portfolio Years: 2016-2018 (Continuing)
Anticipated Start Date:
05/2016
Anticipated Duration:
30 months
K. Kim
87© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Review of Radiation Safety Guidelines for Revision• Review the EPRI Radiation Safety (Low Level Waste, Radiation Protection, Groundwater
Protection) Guidelines to determine whether they should be revised to reflect current and international nuclear power plant operating experiences and lessons learned, science, technology, regulations, policies, and regulatory guides.
Objective
• Review Groundwater Guidelines (2016), Radiation Protection Guidelines (2017), and Low Level Waste Guidelines (2018).
• Leverage the Radiation Protection/Source Term Reduction, Groundwater, and Low Level Waste Technical Strategy Groups to gain utility member input.
Project Approach
• Up-to-date Guidelines are most valuable for efficient implementation at nuclear power plants and supports knowledge transfer.
• Enhanced Guidelines and associates programs at nuclear power plants supports the continued protection of the health and safety of workers, public, and environment.
Research Value
• Review and revision of Guidelines will include experiences and insights for international nuclear power plants.Global
Applicability
88© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Measurements and Dosimetry for Workers and Public
Continuing Projects
89© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Accurate Off-Site/Public Dose CalculationProgram: Radiation Safety
Research Focus Area:
Accurate Dose
Project Name: Improved Accuracy and Updating Methodology in Determining Effluent Dose to Members of the Public
Portfolio Years: 2015-2017 (Continuing)
Anticipated Start Date:
02/2015
Anticipated Duration:
30 months
K. Kim
90© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Accurate Off-Site/Public Dose Calculation
Objective
• Identify gaps and best practices to improve the accuracy and methodology of determining public dose from radionuclides in nuclear power plant effluents.
Project Approach
• Review of industry regulations and regulatory guides associated to off-site dose calculations will be evaluated to identify opportunities for enhancements
• Analyze site-specific practices associated with the implementation of these regulations and regulatory guides to identify opportunities for enhancements.
• Develop technical guidance for enhancing the accuracy of off-site dose calculations.
Research Value
• Supports stakeholder confidence in nuclear power operations, health and safety of the public, and environmental stewardship.
• Inform updates to regulations and regulatory guides.
Global Applicability
• Consolidates best practices from international community of nuclear power plants.
• Potential areas of further investigation for improvements applicable to countries that use similar regulatory framework as the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC)
91© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Accurate Off-Site/Public Dose Calculation 2015-2016 Regulation/Regulatory Guide Review Update
– Reviewed Regulations/Regulatory Guides from European Union, Sweden, Czech Republic, Spain, United Kingdom, Canada, United States, South Korea.
– Documented potential enhancements in the areas of: General/Regulatory Approach Environmental transport and dispersion modeling (hydrological and
atmospheric) Dose Pathway and Exposure Modeling
– Current methods continue to be protective of the public and calculated doses are small percentages of regulatory limits.
– International community uses updated health physics science and environmental transport model. Some apply probabilistic approaches to public dose calculations.
– Potential enhancements will need to be further investigated to quantify impacts on accuracy.
92© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Accurate Off-Site/Public Dose Calculation
2016-2017 Planned Review of Site-Specific Dose Calculation Practices– Review how nuclear power plants incorporate site-specific
information and data into public dose calculations– Assess how site-specific data is used within the current regulatory
framework.– Provide guidance on how use of site-specific data can be enhanced
within the current regulatory framework.– Identify areas where regulations/regulatory guides can be
enhanced to facilitate or allow the use of more site-specific information/data to improve accuracy.
93© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Benchmarking and Trending (Fundamentals)
Continuing Projects
94© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Benchmarking and Trending (Fundamental): Standard Radiation Field Monitoring & Characterization (SRMC)
Objective:– Establish standard practices for radiation field
monitoring & characterization for all major plant designs (PWR, BWR, VVER, CANDU)
– Collect, house, and make accessible radiation field data
Scope:– Curate data to support cause and effect analysis– Organize information and manage data– Assist plants in implementing the SRMC programs
Value/Benefit:– Access to reliable and validated plant radiation field data taken
following a standardized protocol is crucial for the successful – Execution of utility benchmarking, plant support, plant assessments,
and EPRI research
Monitoring Data are Key to Preserving the Past and Present and to Improve the Future_
C. Gregorich
Proposed Duration and Timing: ongoing)
95© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
RadBenchTM MaintenanceProgram: Radiation Safety
Research Focus Area:
Benchmarking and Trending (Fundamental)
Project Name: RadBenchTM Maintenance
Portfolio Years: Ongoing
Anticipated Start Date:
Ongoing
Anticipated Duration:
Ongoing
K. Kim
96© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
RadBenchTM MaintenanceObjective
• Maintain the RadBench™ Database website to ensure its optimal performance.• Support industry benchmarking using RadBench™ data.
Project Approach• Technical support for utility data submittal and conduct analysis of industry data for presentation at ASME Radwaste Workshop• Troubleshooting RadBench™ website issues as they arise• The documentation of needed enhancements to ensure continued optimal operations and also features desired by members
Research Value• Allows utility members to benchmark low level waste performance and supports utility member interaction for sharing additional best practices,
experiences, and technology information (supports Knowledge Transfer.)• Informs EPRI Low Level Waste Research.• Optimized disposal of radioactive waste will ensure that the existing disposal sites can be efficiently utilized to their full capacity.
Global Applicability• The RadBench Database has been recently upgraded with international data entry settings (e.g. units and waste classifications.)
97© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Unfunded Project Slides
98© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Integration of Real Time Dose Data with Location Tracking for Improved Dose Optimization and Dose Estimates
Background/Need In order to optimize worker dose, you need to understand
where workers are getting the majority of their exposure. Tracking by task is improving but the task categories can still be
quite large, spanning multiple tasks and locations. Location tracking technologies coupled with dose tracking can
provide a powerful means of dissecting how dose is accrued so that target dose reduction technique can be applied.
Project Objectives Assess feasibility of combining location tracking technologies
with access control and dosimetry to more effectively track dose for work groups.
Reference: Evaluating Indoor Location Tracking
Systems in a Nuclear Facility: Experimentation with
Different Techniques in an Industrial Environment.
2013. 3002000268.
Example of previous location tracking technology test with EDF
P. Tran
99© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Integration of Real Time Dose Data with Location Tracking for Improved Dose Optimization and Dose Estimates
Work ScopePhase 1: Feasibility Study
• Identify most promising tracking technology for demonstration
• Determine options for linking with access control or dosimetry software
• Identify host site, job to be tracked, and work area
Phase 2: Pilot Demonstration
• Work with site and vendor to create the appropriate database linkages
• Work with site to conduct pilot study
• Analyze location and dose data
Benefits• Improved ALARA planning
• Enhanced job coverage
• Assist with dose and event reconstruction
• Identify potential equipment issues if abnormal radiation fields are detected
• Track waste and radioactive materials
• Track assets
Proposed Duration and Timing
• 2017-2019 (30 mo.)
100© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source Term Reduction)Effect of Ultra-Low Iron – HWC/OLNC – on Activity Transport
How do current BWR chemistry regimes affect activated corrosion product transport?
FFW Fe in 2000
2002
20042006
FW Fe Median is 0.15 ppb in 2015 vs. ~1 ppb in 2004BWR FW iron concentrations have been reduced to Lower crud burden on core Improve effectiveness of zinc injection
for radiation field reduction
BWR coolant regime transitioned to Low-hydrogen injection with More frequent, lower concentration platinum injections
Current Observations: Elevated Co-60 RW activities Elevated, prolonged particulate releases Cr-51 increasingly observed as activity and dose rate contributor
(shutdown releases, surface activities, particulates)
S. Garcia
101© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radioactivity Generation and Control (Source Term Reduction)Effect of Ultra-Low Iron – HWC/OLNC – on Activity Transport
Develop understanding of ex-core deposit formation processes under current water chemistry control practices with ultra-low FW Fe concentrations
Enhance the knowledge of incorporation and release processes of activated corrosion products into/from ex-core surfaces, i.e. radiation field generation and shutdown/transient particulate releases
Objective1) Review current chemistry practices and data –
(BWR CMA & SRMC) and determine gapsa) Identify bounding criteria of chemistry
conditions and plants matching thoseb) Solicit cooperation of selected plants for
additional data gathering4) Perform at least two subsequent outages
gamma scans at selected plants at all recommended standard radiation field monitoring program points and selected additional locations (if feasible solicit host plant to perform remote isotopic monitoring during at-power operations for a whole cycle)
5) Formulate hypotheses of ex-core deposit formation under current BWR coolant conditions and develop white paper detailing a test plan to verify the hypotheses
ApproachResearch results will provide the basis and understanding to Balance ultra-low feedwater iron
conditions needed to ensure fuel reliability with minimizing radiation field generation in ex-core regions.
Inform future BWR water chemistry guidance
Guide the development radiation field reduction technologies and/or strategies
Value/Benefit
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2018-2019 (30 mo.)
102© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Revision of EPRI Groundwater GuidelinesProgram: Radiation Safety
Research Focus Area:
Radiation Safety Guidance
Project Name: Revision of the EPRI Groundwater Protection Guidelines and EPRI Soil and Groundwater Remediation Guidelines
Portfolio Years: 2018-2019 (New)
Anticipated Start Date:
03/2018
Anticipated Duration:
24 months
K. Kim
103© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Revision of EPRI Groundwater GuidelinesObjective
• Revise the EPRI Groundwater Protection Guidelines for Nuclear Power Plants (3002000546) and the EPRI Soil and Groundwater Remediation Guidelines (1021104.)
Project Approach• Revise Guidelines documents based on recent industry experiences; developments in science, technology, and
regulations; and EPRI research.• Leverage diverse industry Committee of utility members and colleague organizations (e.g. NEI, ANI, INPO.)
Research Value• Supports stakeholder confidence in nuclear power operations and environmental stewardship.• Minimizes impact on decommissioning (e.g. groundwater remediation and associated radwaste generation/costs.)• Consolidated and up-to-date Guidelines documents for efficient knowledge transfer.
Global Applicability• The technical guidance in these Guidelines documents are applicable nuclear power plants around the world.
104© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Revision of EPRI Groundwater Guidelines Revision Items for Consideration:
– Enhance guidance for risk assessment and mitigation Both for Systems, Structures Components (SSCs)
and Work Practices (WPs) Especially in the area of risk mitigation (i.e. how to
detect/prevent leaks and spills.) Enhance EPRI Priority Index based on plant
experiences.– Enhance guidance on groundwater monitoring and
remediation optimization How to “close” remediation projects How to optimize long term groundwater monitoring
networks.– Incorporate results of 2010-2016 EPRI research
related to groundwater protection and remediation.Proposed Duration and Timing: 2018-2019 (24 mo.)
105© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Guidance: Decontamination Sourcebook
Objective• Create a Go-To
resource on plant system or component decontamination.
• Develop a graded approach/benefit matrix to guide decontamination strategy selection
Approach•Hold a workshop in 2018 to
•capture past and current global experiences and practices, •explore the industry needs and challenges, and•connect the generations for effective knowledge transfer and retention
•Survey industry - decontamination best practices (2018)•Collate accumulated data sets (2018)•Build a graded approach/benefit matrix (2019 - 2020)•Form a global industry committee to assist EPRI
Value•Results will•enable efficient selection and application of proven and established methods and practices
•save dose, time, and associated costs.
•aid knowledge retention and transfer of decontamination strategies
RCP Before
& After Decon
Decontamination Handbook – published in 1999 Reactor Cavity Decontamination Sourcebook – published 2015
Reactor life extensions renew interest in decontamination including full system decontaminations
New OE and best practices New methods (decontamination and post-decontamination passivation steps)
Changes in radiation field composition require different approaches
C. Gregorich
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2018-2020 (30 mo.)
106© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Measurement and Dosimetry: Plant Demonstration of At-Power Gamma-Isotopic Monitoring
Why at-power isotopic characterization? Real-time response to changes – not cycle snap-shots of typical outage measurements Real-time identification of Contributor – ability to evaluate impact and to mitigate proactively Magnitude on impact of radiation field
Ability to identify in near real-time the cause of the radiation field response
Real-Time Isotopic Radiation Field Monitoring at Your Fingertip_
Plant demonstration – Value & Benefits are in the visualization & implementation of gained insights for optimization of ALARA and work planning Targeted source term reduction/mitigation Radiation field control Coolant chemistry regimes
C. Gregorich
107© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Measurement and Dosimetry: Plant Demonstration of At-Power Gamma-Isotopic Monitoring
Objective:Demonstrate feasibility, value, and benefit of at-power gamma-isotopic monitoring
2018Solicit candidate plantsSelect measurement locations
2018 - 2019Select, test & verify equipment functionality
Establish measurement and analysis protocol2018-2020Collect and analyze at-power isotopic monitoring dataCoordinate with plant radiation protection staff to optimize ALARA and work planning
Develop guidance for implementing at-power isotopic monitoringand for realizing value to worker dose reduction
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2018-2020 (32 mo.)
108© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact to Effluents and Radwaste from Radionuclides and Chemicals from Non-Design Materials
Program: Radiation Safety/Chemistry
Research Focus Area:
Radioactivity Generation and Control/Source Term
Project Name: Impacts to Effluents and Radwaste from Radionuclides and Chemicals Generated from Non-Design Materials
Portfolio Years: 2017-2019
Anticipated Start Date:
03/2017
Anticipated Duration:
30 months
K. Kim
109© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact to Effluents and Radwaste from Radionuclides and Chemicals from Non-Design Materials
Objective• Gain a complete
understanding of the radionuclides and chemicals that are generated in nuclear power plant operation from non-design materials of construction and added chemicals.
Project Approach• Identify non-design materials
and chemicals added to nuclear power plant and the radionuclides and chemicals are generated from them.
• Evaluate transport, and potential impacts on operations, personnel dose, effluents and public dose, radioactive waste, and environment.
• Identify already existing solutions for managing any challenges; identify gaps where they exist.
Research Value• Allow the operators to
implement informed strategies to optimize personnel dose, radwaste, and effluents.
• Knowledge transfer tool; add to consolidated reference of chemicals/radionuclides in plant systems/effluents.
Global Applicability• Research will address
materials and chemicals added to international nuclear power plants.
110© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Impact to Effluents and Radwaste from Radionuclides and Chemicals from Non-Design Materials
Examples of Radionuclides and Impacts of from Non-Design Materials and Added Chemicals:– Ag-108m from control rod drives*– Sb-124 and 125 from start-up sources or reactor coolant pump
seals*– Pt-193 from platinum injected in BWRs– Ar-39 from injection of argon for primary-to-secondary (PSL)
detection.– P-32 from sulfides and seawater– Zinc injection impacts on radwaste
*Already addressed in another proposed project.
111© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Effluent and Radwaste Management and Control Strategies: Effect of a KOH-based pH Program on Radiation Fields, RadioactiveEffluents and Waste in Western PWRs: Needed Qualification Work
Need– 7LiOH is used to control pH in ‘Western-style’ PWRs – 7Li supply chain has been interrupted and may be so again– VVER reactors control pH with KOH – K is more abundant – feasibility study shows KOH is a promising, economical candidate– Identified technical gaps include aspects of radiation safety, waste and effluent generation, dose pathways and does to public
Objective• Identify potential challenges in
radiation field control and effluent and waste handling caused by implementing a KOH-based pH control program in a “Western-style” PWR.
• Identify implications on the modeling of and impact on dose pathways to environment and public and on the dose to the public.
Approach• Obtain and evaluate a robust set of
VVER operating experiences • Review additive, consumables,
designs and operating practices and identify differences that may challenge control of radiation fields, effluents and waste
• Evaluate impact of additional activation species introduced by KOH and its potential impurities
Value• Evaluation of radiation safety-related
gaps will provide needed information in preparation for a demonstration of KOH use in a “Western-style” PWR
• Results will yield insights into the potential impact on the plant radioisotopes inventory and therefore on radiation field, effluents, and waste that will occur when moving to a KOH-based pH control.
C. Gregorich
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2018-2019 (24 mo.)
112© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tritium Reduction and RemovalProgram: Radiation Safety
ResearchFocus Area:
Radioactivity Generation and Control/Source Term
Project Name: Tritium Removal and Reduction Technologies
PortfolioYears:
2018-2019
Anticipated Start Date:
03/2018
Anticipated Duration:
24 months
K. Kim
113© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Tritium Reduction and Removal
Objective• Evaluate recently developed technologies and methodologies for the reduction of tritium in nuclear power plants
and their wastes and effluents.
Project Approach• Identify new and innovative technologies and methods for tritium removal and reduction of tritium generation.• Evaluate each for their Technology Readiness Level, potential applicability to light water reactor tritium
concentrations, potential costs and resources required, and footprint.• Evaluate most promising technologies for additional analysis, discussions and concept development with the
technology developer, or bench-top testing.
Research Value• Tritium continues to challenge public confidence in nuclear plant operations. • Provide solutions to post-accident generation of liquid radwaste, remediation of contaminated groundwater, and
the disposal of tritiated water at nuclear power plants that do not have a license release pathway.
Global Applicability• Technologies and methods available will be applicable to global nuclear power plant industry.
114© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Guidance for Optimization of Worker Protection: Addressing Radiation Safety and Industrial Safety Concerns
Background/Need• Radiological Safety and Industrial Safety are two key safety
programs at nuclear power plants.• However, protective actions for one may conflict or have
unintended consequences with the other.• Examples may include:
− Hand protection (gloves) for contamination control while still maintaining dexterity/safe grip
− Personal protective equipment for ionizing radiation and O3/NOx.
Project ObjectivesDevelop practical approaches or guidance for addressing radiological and industrial safety concerns such that the overall risk to the worker is minimized.
Example: Balancing heat stress and protective clothing requirements against contamination
P. Tran
115© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Guidance for Optimization of Worker Protection: Addressing Radiation Safety and Industrial Safety Concerns
Work Scope1. Form working group of industrial safety and
radiation safety experts to identify top concerns that impact both groups.
2. Develop systematic approach for risk recognition of prioritized set of hazards
3. Develop matrix for determining monitoring or mitigation techniques that address aspects from both programs.
Benefits• An industry guide that balances considerations
from both programs will assist sites in protecting workers against the total risk.
• Globally applicable.
Reference: Guidelines for the Optimization of
Protective Clothing: Heat Stress and Skin
Contamination Protection, 2003. 1002822
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2018-2019 (20 mo.)
116© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
End of Plant Life Chemistry Control OptimizationConsideration of Cost Minimization and Recovery
Description & Objectives Recently announced plant shutdowns were relatively unexpected Guidance for preparing for such shutdowns is limited Chemistry control programs could be modified to maximize resources and potentially provide
economic benefit to the operating utility– Mitigation technologies…stop, reduce, continue?
Hydrogen and noble metal injection in BWRs Zinc addition in PWRs
– Dose reduction technologies…continue? Depleted zinc addition in BWRs and PWRs Source term reduction (CRB, valve replacements)
– Steam generators Use of dispersants
– Monitoring and analysis requirements…can we scale back? Equipment considerations
– Sell or move equipment to other sites– “Run to empty” for some systems– Leftover consumables (zinc, resin, septa, chemicals, etc.)
system shutting down…
S. Garcia
117© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
U.S. BWRs in the short term Also plants in Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Taiwan Some plants in Japan will not
be restarting Economic conditions are
unknown at this time, so preparation is key to good decision making
End of Plant Life Chemistry Control OptimizationConsideration of Cost Minimization and Recovery
Careful, detailed evaluation of chemistry control programs, systems, monitoring and consumables prior to shutdown can benefit the utility in a number of ways:– Economic recovery– Dose control– Orderly shutdown
Global Applicability
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2018-2019 (18 mo.)Proposed for co-funding with Chemistry and Decommissioning
118© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Best Practices in Communication: Decommissioning
Background:– Low Dose information needs to be conveyed accurately and effectively to
support communications both within a Utility and with members of the public.
– Many questions have been seen in the decommissioning programs related to the activities, doses, and effects of radiation as part of the effort.
– Currently, there is no “off the shelf” information resource to support development of programs and communications.
Purpose:– Create a resource handbook for RPM's to use when faced with communicating about
radiation risk in decommissioning by applying the best information on low dose to best practices in communication and industry experience.
119© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Best Practices in Communication: Decommissioning
Research Value:– An “off the shelf” resource to use whenever faced with the need for communications of
Low Dose information is not readily available for members. The availability of the resource should significantly shorten the time needed to prepare communications, and serve to enhance the communications in a consistent and coherent manner with the available science. Use of the resource will enhance a members communications, and facilitate successful completion of projects.
Proposed Duration and Timing: 2018-2019 (24 mo.)Proposed for co-funding with Decommissioning
© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Nicole LynchProject Engineer/Scientist
Chemistry and Radiation Safety Technical Advisory Committee Meeting
August 29 - 30, 2016
Program Cockpit Updates
Date: August 10, 2016
2© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
What’s New in the Program Cockpits Smart Search
Engine
– Gets smarter over time based on usage
– Tracks what people search and where they go with the results
– More the search engine used, the faster it learns
– As it learns, search experience is improved
Narrow Results
Enhanced methods to
narrow results for more
accurate results
3© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
How do I create an EPRI.comaccount?
– Click on “Register for an Account” on the EPRI.comHome Page
Enter in the required information
Your account should be set-up within two business days.
– OR, Contact the EPRI Customer Assistance Center (CAC) for assistance at [email protected] or 1-800-313-3774.
First: Make sure you have an EPRI.com account
5© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Mobile Member Center
Web version available now at mmc.epri.com
Designed for mobile phone
Quick access to Contacts, Products, Events and select Program information
iOS and AOS native apps in development
6© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
FAQ – Technical Interest Profile (TIP) Notifications What is a TIP notification and how do I subscribe?
– Bi-weekly/weekly/daily emails with links to the latest EPRI developments including:
reports and research updates
software releases and other products
upcoming seminars, workshops, and training
project participation opportunities
– Subscribe or update your TIP profile on the Program Cockpit Index Page.
7© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
General FAQ’s
Can I view program cockpits for programs where I am not a member?
– Yes, all cockpits and are available to all members, but certain content may be unavailable or hidden from non members.
Can I subscribe to program cockpits that I am not a member of?
– Yes, EPRI members can subscribe to any program cockpit.
Please direct additional questions pertaining to the cockpits to Nicole Lynch at 650-855-2060 or [email protected].
8© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Additional Improvements
Jay Greene, Web Production Lead
9© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Content Feedback Button
Available in Sector Cockpits, Program Cockpits, METT Central and Collaboration sites
User stays on the content page after submission of feedback
Feature integrated with Contact Us functionality for centralized handling and monitoring by CAC
Content Feedback Button
10© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Microsoft Office Web App
Microsoft files; Word, Excel and PowerPoint can now be opened directly in a web browser
Collaboration site files can be edited in browser
Feature works on mobile devices
11© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Events
Automatic feed from Cvent to Member Center Improves the sync of the meetings displaying on our
Cvent calendar and Member CenterProvides enhanced search results for meetings
Enhanced Meeting Process
Member Center
12© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
13© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Back Up Slides
14© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
EPRI Member Center Home Page
Click “View All Program Cockpits” or “Program Cockpits” to access a list of
all Program Cockpits.
15© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Selecting a Program Cockpit TIP Subscription
Subscribe to a program and be automatically
notified when new program information is available. Choose to receive your updates
daily, weekly or bi-weekly.
Funding
Company’s participation is indicated in the “Funding” column by Full, Partial or
Not Funded.
Favorite
Programs designated “favorite” will appear on
your Member Center landing page each time
you login. You can make selections here or from
within each program cockpit.
16© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
My Favorite Programs
Once added, favorites will appear in the “My Favorite Programs” section of the
home page
17© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program Cockpit Home PageSubscribe to a cockpit or add to Favorites
within the Program Cockpit
18© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program Cockpit Home Page
Quick links to key items such as complete list of 2016 program meetings, relevant
web applications and TSG websites
19© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Left Side Navigation
For consistency, every cockpit has the same “core” information,
presented in the same way.
Customized pages within each cockpit include information
unique to a particular program.
20© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program - Overview Overview of the
program such as research value, approach, accomplishments, current year activities and estimated yearly program funding
21© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program - Contacts List of EPRI
contacts for the program
– Active projects added to help direct members to the correct EPRI contact
22© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program – Research Results List of
deliverables published by the Program
– Base and Supplemental (i.e., Technical Strategy Group) deliverables
– Access based on membership
Research Results can be filtered within a Program Cockpit
Research Results can be exported to excel.
Displays a check mark next to all products
that you may download for no
charge based on your funding
23© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program – Research Support Documents
include project opportunities, issues & overviews, newsletters, corporate communications, supplemental projects and success stories
24© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program – In Development Tracks all
planned deliverables with assigned Product IDs
– Can be filtered by All Products, Base Funded, or Supplemental by selecting the appropriate tab
Can be filtered by All Products, Base Funded, or Supplemental by selecting the appropriate tab
25© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Project Status Updates – Program Overview Provides a
consistent update on the scope, budget and status of current EPRI projects– Updated
quarterly– Update alert
included in TIP notifications
26© 2015 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Project Status Updates – Project Detail View Detailed
information on individual projects available– Status of
individual deliverables included
– Printable report available
27© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program – Announcements
Keep up to date on what is happening in the program
28© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program - Meetings & Webcasts
List of upcoming and recently completed meetings – Meeting
minutes, meeting material & webcast recordings available
To view an event description, register
for an event or to access meeting
material, click on the event title.
29© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Meetings & Webcasts – Meeting Detail View
Available pre/post meeting materials will
be posted here- Access is restricted in accordance with utility
funding
For an upcoming meeting, the Event
Details and Registration link will take you to
Cvent, our registration site
30© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program - Committees
Click on the committee name to view the committee contact list
If your name is grayed out, select “Update Profile” to Opt-in to sharing
your contact information
Lists committee member & contact information
Names in blue text are clickable to reveal full contact information
Can save contacts by exporting a single contact using Export
Vcard of the full committee list by exporting to Excel
31© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program - Popular Downloads
Displays the most popular products – Based on
downloads in the Program for the preceding 12 months
– Updated weekly
32© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program - Projects
Lists collaborative projects associated with each program with corresponding links to Project Overview descriptions
Click on the Project Title to see a detailed
Project Overview.
Click on the Project Set Title to expand the display to see all
associated projects.
33© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Projects – Project Overview
Provides a detailed description of the collaborative project
34© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program – Collaboration
Links to the Technical Strategy Group (TSG) collaboration sites– Non-funders of a
TSG, will not see links to the collaboration site
35© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program - Research By Topic
Categorized list of the program research into useful topics for easy reference
36© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program – Library
Repository for non-published information
37© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program - Related Products
List of EPRI products relevant to the Radiation Safety Program but published by other EPRI programs – Availability of
reports limited by member funding
38© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Radiation Safety Program – Radiation Safety Initiatives
A single location for information pertaining to important program initiatives– Low Dose– Big Data– Source Term
39© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Water Chemistry Control Program – Chemistry Initiatives
A single location for information pertaining to important program initiatives– Cobalt
Sequestration– Dispersants– PWR Zinc– Big Data– Source Term
40© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Sector Cockpit – Nuclear Power
Provides access to Nuclear sector-specific
information
41© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
METT Central
Only viewable to METTsand EPRI employees
42© 2016 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
Contact Directory
Only viewable to METTsand EPRI employees