chemistry - elements, terminologies and more

8/8/2019 Chemistry - Elements, Terminologies and More

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Introduction To Chemistry


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CHEMISTRY

ELEMENT,

COMPOUND

AND

MIXTURE


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What is an element ?

Element

A chemical substance

Simplest substance

Cannot be decomposed

to a simpler substance

Built up from one type

of atoms only


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ELEMENT

MetalN

on-Metal

(l) (s) (g) (l) (s)

(g) gas (l) liquid (s) - solid


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Examples ofMetals

(Sodium )

Na

Use :

Sodium Lamp


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Copper CuUse : Electric Conductor


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Calcium CaUse : Calcium ions needed to form bonesand teeth


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Aluminium AlUse: Makingof cookingpotsand pans


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Iron; Ferum Fe

Use : Construction of buildings

and bridges


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Magnesium MgUse : Crackersand Fireworks


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Platinum Pt

Use: Jewelry


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Potassium K

Use : Potassium salts

- agricultural fertilizers


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Silver Ag

Use : Jewelry


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Tin Sn

Use : Makingcontainers


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Zinc Zn

Uses : Dry cells;

Roofingfor houses


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Mercury Hg

Use : In Thermometers


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Examples of Non-Metals

Chlorine ClUse : Killinggerms in water

supply


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Argon Ar

Use : Lighting Bulbs


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Bromine Br

Use : Photography


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Boron B

Use : MakingMedicine in pharmacy


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Helium He

Use : Fillingballoons


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Carbon C

Diamond & Graphite


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Hydrogen H

Use: Fuel


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Neon Ne

Use : Neon Lights


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Nitrogen N

Use : Liquid Nitrogen Refrigeration Coolant


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Oxygen O

Use : Gas for Breathing


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Silicon SiUse : Computer CPU


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Sulphur S

Use : Manufacture of

Sulphuric Acid


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What is a Compound ?

AChemical

Consists of 2 or

more elementschemically combined

Chemical Bondbetween the particles


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Examples ofCompounds

Ammonium Chloride

Use : Dry Batteries

Constituents : H , N , Cl


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Glucose

Use : Carbohydrates

Constituents: H , C , O


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Sodium Chloride

Use : Flavor for Food

Constituents: Na , Cl


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Calcium carbonate

Use : Building material

Constituents : Ca , C, O


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Sulphuric acid

Use : Car Accumulator

Constituents : H , S , O


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Urea

Use : Nitrogeneous Fetilizer

Constituents : C , H , O , N


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Copper(II) sulphate

Use: Fungicide

Constituents : Cu , S , O , H


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Potassium nitrate

Use : Agricultural Fertilizers

Constituents : K , N , O


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Ethanoic acid

Use : Vinegar

Constituents : C , H , O


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Trichloromethane (Chloroform)

Use : Anaesthetic

Cost: C , H , Cl


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What is a Mixture ?

Substance consisting of 2or more substancesphysically combined

together Components : Elements

or/and compounds

Components can beseparated by physicalmeans


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Examples of Mixtures

AirOxygen, Nitrogen,

Carbon dioxide, water

vapor etc


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Soil

Constituents : Humus, sand,

air, water, minerals etc.


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Milk

Components : Lactose, water,

proteins, vitamins, minerals etc

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