Chemistry of Life

Everything, whether it is a rock, dog, car, or flower, is made of incredibly small particles called __________.

 atoms

An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter.

How many atoms could fit in a space the size of a period? _________________

 

millions of atoms

Matter is anything that has ___________ and occupies

________.mass

space

Although there is a huge variety of matter on earth, all atoms share the same basic structure.

Atoms consist of three types of smaller particles:_______________ are positively charged (+1) _______________ are neutral (no charge, 0) _______________ are negatively charged (-1)

electronsneutronsprotons

protons

neutronselectrons

The __________ is the area in the center of the atom with a positive charge that contains____________ and ______________.

nucleus

protons neutrons

nucleus

What is the charge of a proton? _____

What is the charge of a electron? _____

What is the charge of a neutron? _____

+1

-1

0

Atoms are neutral because they have the same number protons as electrons.

 

number of protons number of electrons=

How many protons in this atom? _____3How many electrons in this atom? _____3

What is the overall charge of this atom? ______________+ = 0(+3) (-3)

Are all atoms identical? ______How does one atom differ from another atom? ____________________________

no

In the number of protons and electrons

The AtomHydrogen atom Helium atom

# protons = ____ # protons = ___ # neutrons = ____ # electrons = ____

overall charge = __________

# neutrons = ____ # electrons = ____

overall charge = __________

101+1 + (-1) = 0

222

+2 + (-2) = 0

Element Key

6 C

Carbon 12.011

Atomic number and

# of protons

Symbol of element

Name of Element

Atomic mass

USE A PERIODIC TABLE TO ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

An atom with 1 proton is an atom of ___________.An atom with 2 protons is an atom of __________.An atom with 8 protons is an atom of __________.An atom with 13 protons is an atom of _________.An atom with 47 protons is an atom of _________.An atom with 79 protons is an atom of _________.

hydrogen, Hhelium, Heoxygen, Oaluminum,Alsilver, Aggold, Au

All matter is made up of elements.

Elements are made up of atoms.

Example: piece of aluminum foil

Element – a pure substance made of one particular type of atom, and it cannot be broken down into a simpler substance.

Aluminum, Al

There are 109 elements on Earth, of these, 91 elements occur naturally, but only about 25 are

found in organisms.

Elements found in living organisms:OxygenCarbonHydrogenNitrogenCalciumPhosphorusPotassiumSulfurChlorineSodiumMagnesiumIodineFluorineIronBromineAluminumSiliconManganese

96% of the mass of a human is made of only 4 elements – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen

Composition of the Human Body65% oxygen 1.5% calcium 0.2% potassium 18% carbon 1.2% phosphorus 0.1% sodium 10% hydrogen 0.2% sulfur and other elements 3% nitrogen

Most elements do not exist alone. Elements combine to form compounds. Compound - a substance that is composed of atoms of two or more different elements.

OHH

What compound is this? _________

Chemical formula? _________

water

H2O

What elements is water composed of?__________________________hydrogen

oxygen

Examples of compounds:

CO2---

elements?

atoms?

carbon dioxide

carbon & oxygen

one atom of carbontwo atoms of oxygen

NaCl ---

elements?

atoms?

sodium chloride

sodium & chlorine

one atom of sodium one atom of chlorine

C6H12O6 ---

elements?

atoms?

glucose

Carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen

6 atoms of carbon12 atoms of hydrogen6 atoms of oxygen

The different elements that make up a compound are held together by chemical bonds. A chemical bond is a force of attraction between two atoms.

OHH

Water, H2O

Chemical bondChemical bond

Every compound is unique and is different from the elements that 

make it up.

NaCl ---

sodium chlorideSodium (Na) is a solid

chlorine (Cl) is a poisonous gas,

yet they combine to form table salt, an edible solid.