chemistry review snc1d. mixture a substance made of different pure substances
TRANSCRIPT
Chemistry Review
SNC1D
Mixture
• a substance made of different pure substances
Pure Substance
• a substance made of only one kind of particle
Mechanical Mixture
• a mixture that can be separated by mechanical means
Heterogenous
• A heterogeneous mixture is not uniform
Homogenous
• A homogenous mixture has uniform composition and properties
Element
• a pure substance made of only one kind of atom
Compound
• A pure substance made of more than one type of atom that have been chemically bonded together
Particle Theory of Matter
1. All matter is made of tiny particles.2. Different pure substances are made up of
different types of particles.3. Particles are always in constant random
motion.4. The particles in a substance attract each
other.5. The particles of a substance move faster
when heated.
Chemical Change
• A change in which new substances are producedEx: iron rusting
Physical change
• a change in which no new substances are producedEx: ice melting
Physical Property
• Description of the nature of a substanceEx: gold is a relatively soft metal
Chemical Property
• Description of how a substance reacts with other substancesEx: iron rusts
GUSS: Density
A sample of metal has a mass of 15 g and a volume of 2.0 cm3. Calculate the density of the sample.
V
mDS
DU
cmV
gmG
:
?:
0.2
15:3
35.7
0.2
15:
3
cm
gD
cm
gDS
Atomic Symbols
• Ca calcium• Cl chlorine• Mg magnesium• Na sodium
Chemical Formulae
Cl2 2 chlorine
H2O 2 hydrogen, 1 oxygen
Ca(OH)2 1 calcium, 2 oxygen, 2 hydrogen
3O2 6 oxygen
Metals
• Shiny• Malleable• Good conductors• Found on the left side of the Periodic Table
Chemical families
IA alkali metals
IIA alkaline earth metals
VIIA halogens
VIIIA noble gases
Word Equations
sulphur + oxygen → sulphur dioxide
reactants product
Word Equations
sodium hydroxide reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce a great deal of heat, but leaving only sodium chloride and water
sodium + hydrochloric → sodium + waterhydroxide acid chloride
Word Equations
calcium chloride reacts with silver nitrate to produce silver chloride and calcium nitrate
calcium + silver → silver + calciumchloride nitrate chloride nitrate
Atomic Number
• the number of protons in the nucleus
Atomic Mass
• the number of protons + neutrons in the nucleus
Atomic Numbers
Using the Periodic table explain how you would determine each of the following for a given atom of an element:
i) # of protons: equal to the atomic number ii) # of electrons: equal to the number of protons
iii) # of neutrons: equal to the atomic mass minus the number of protons
Atomic Numbers
Bohr Diagram
Fluorine:
Valence Shell
• An atom wants 8 electrons in its outer (valence) shell to be stable.
Valence Shell
How many electrons do elements in the following families gain or lose to become stable?
i) IA lose 1ii) IIA lose 2iii) VIIA gain 1iv) VIIIA neither lose nor gain
Valence Shell
How many electrons do the following elements gain or lose to become stable?
i) Na lose 1ii)Mg lose 2iii)Cl gain 1iv)Ne neither lose nor gain
Ionic Compound
• In an ionic compound, a positive metal ion is attracted to a negative non-metal ion.
Ionic Bonding
• This attraction is an ionic bond.(weak)
Sodium Chloride
Molecular Compound
• In a molecular compound, non-metals share electrons.
Covalent Bonding
• This sharing is a covalent bond.(strong)
Water
Diatomic Molecule
• a molecular compound formed from 2 atoms of the same element
Polymer
• a large molecule made up of repeated smaller molecules bonded together
Substances
Determine whether each of the following is a mixture, element or metal:
a) a substance made up of identical atomselement
b) an element found on the left side of the Periodic Table metal
c) a substance made up of parts that can be separated by physical means mixture