chemistry revision presentation on section b dan c past year paper = ogos 2011
DESCRIPTION
Basic chemistry revisionTRANSCRIPT
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Year 2007 No 7c)
REVISON ON SALT
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(c) Table 7 shows the observations from some tests carried out on salt X.
Test Observation
I: Heating of salt X solid
A metal oxide is formed and a brown gas is given off
II. Salt X solution is mixed with excess aqueous ammonia
A white precipitate which is insoluble in excess aqueous ammonia is formed
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Based on the information in Table 7: (i) Identify an anion that is present in Test I and describe a chemical test toverify the anion [4m]
• Anion is nitrate ion
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Based on the information in Table 7: (i) Identify an anion that is present in Test I and describe a chemical test toverify the anion [4m]
Chemical test:• Pour 2 cm3 of the solution X into a test tube • Add dilute sulphuric acid followed with iron(II) sulphate solution• Shake well the mixture and slant the
test tube• Add concentrated sulphuric acid slowly
drop by drop. Observation: brown ring formed
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(ii) Identify three cations that are present in Test II and describe a chemical test to verify the cations. [6m] • Cations present: Mg2+, Pb2+, Al3+
Test with NaOH:- Add little NaOH solution then in excess-Observation: • If white precipitate soluble is formed, then Pb2+ and Al3+ present• If white precipitate is formed ,then Mg2+ is present
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Confirmatory test using Na2SO4 :• Pour 2 cm3 of solution X into a test
tube• Add sodium sulphate solution to
the solution X• If no precipitate is formed , then
Al3+ present
• If white precipitate formed, then Pb2+ present
OR
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Confirmatory test using KI solution :• Add potassium iodide solution to
the solution, shake well • If no precipitate formed, then Al3+
present• If yellow precipitate formed, then
Pb2+ present
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REVISION ON CARBON COMPOUND
SPM 2007 NO : 9a
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Diagram 9 shows how compound G is formed from alkene
Alkene + H2O
Compound F
Compound G + H2O
Phosphoric acid, 300OC, 60 atm
Porcelain chips
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(i) Name one alkene that has less than four carbon atoms. Draw its structural formula.
ethene propeneor
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ii) Based on your answer in 9 ai) what is the name of compound F and Compound G
Name of alkene
ethene propene
Name of Compound F
ethanol propanol
Name of Compound G
ethene propene
Alkene + H2O
Compound F
Compound G + H2O
Phosphoric acid, 300OC, 60 atm
Porcelain chips
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iii) State three chemical properties of compound F and three properties of compound G
• COMPOUND F ( alcohol)
1. Burn in excess oxygen producing water and carbon dioxide.
2. Can be dehydrated to produce alkene.3. Can be oxidised to produce carboxylic acid
Alkene + H2O
Compound F
Compound G + H2O
Phosphoric acid, 300OC, 60 atm
Porcelain chips
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• COMPOUND G (alkene)1. Burns in excess oxygen to form CO2 and H2O.
2. Undergoes additional reaction:1. Hydrogenation to produce alkane2. Hydration to produce alcohol3. Halogenation
3. Undergoes polymerisation reaction .
Alkene + H2O
Compound F
Compound G + H2O
Phosphoric acid, 300OC, 60 atm
Porcelain chips
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REVISION ON CARBON
COMPOUNDS
SPM 2007, Q: 9b
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Alkenes, alcohols and carboxylic acids are three different homologous series. Construct a table to show the general formula , the functional group and the name of a member in each of the series.
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HMLGOS SERIES
ALKENE ALCOHOLS CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
GEN FORMLA
CnH2n
n= 2,3, 4…
CnH2n+1OH n= 1,2, 3….
CnH2n+1COOH
n=0,1,2….
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HOMOUS SERIES
ALKENE ALCHOLS CARBXIC ACIDS
FUNCTN GROUP
Carbon- carbon double bond (-C=C-)
Hydroxyl
(-C-OH)
Carboxyl
( -COOH )
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HOMOUS SERIES
ALKENE ALCOLS CARBYLIC ACIDS
NAME OF MEMBER
ethene ethanol Ethanoic acid
OR propene propanol Propanoic acid
OR butene butanol Butanoic acid
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Year 2007question no 10
REVISON ON thermochemistry
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Exp Reactants Products Observation
I2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm3 of acid P
2.0 mol dm-3
Zinc chloride and hydrogen
gas
The temperature
of the mixture increases
II2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm3 of acid Q
2.0 mol dm-3
Zinc sulphate and hydrogen
gas
The temperature
of the mixture increases
data from Exp I and Exp II that were carried out to study the rate of reaction of zinc with two acids, P and Q.
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• (i) By choosing either Experiment I or Experiment II, state the name of the acid used.
•
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• (i) Write the chemical equation for the reaction of this acid with zinc. [2 marks]
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(ii) Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction in 10(a)(i). On the energy profile diagram show the:–Heat of reaction, AH–Activation energy without a catalyst, –Activation energy with a catalyst, E'
Explain the energy profile diagram.[10 marks]
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∆H
E- activattion energy without catalyst
E’- activattion energy with catalyst
energy
Energy profile diagram of reaction zinc and hydrochloric acid
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(ii) Explain the energy profile diagram.
∆H
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(ii) Explain the energy profile diagram.
∆H
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(ii) Explain the energy profile diagram.
∆H
∆H
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(ii) Explain the energy profile diagram.
∆H
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(ii) Explain the energy profile diagram.
∆H
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SPM 2008QUESTION 8
REVISION ON Section B -
electrochemistry
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Diagram 8.1 shows the apparatus set up for the electrolysis of sodium chloride solution using carbon as electrode
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(a) State the factors that determine the products formed at electrode P
and electrode Q• Electrode P : Position
of ions in electrochemical series
• Electrode Q : Concentration of ions in the electrolyte.
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b) Explain the reactions at electrode P and Q.
• List of ions attracted to i) electrode P: Na + , H+
ii) Electrode Q : Cl- , OH-
• Names of ions discharged at i) electrode P: Hydrogen ion ii) Electrode Q : Chloride ion
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• The reason why the ions selectively discharged at :
i) Electrode P: H+ ion is lower than Na+
ion in electrochemical series
ii) Electrode Q : Cl- ion is more concentrated than OH- ion
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• Half equations for each reaction
i) Electrode P: 2H+ + 2e
H2
ii) Electrode Q : 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
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