Chemistry Vocabulary

Packet Directions:

1) Always complete vocabulary definitions in your own words. Provide sufficient

details gleaned from classroom experiences and textbook reading.

2) Avoid circular definitions (i.e. bond energy is not sufficiently described by

saying that it is “the energy associated with a bond”.)

3) Obtain definitions by reading vocabulary words in context from within chapters

of the textbook. (Most of the words can be found in the textbook.)

4) Refrain from using glossary definitions until after you have tried to discern and

write the definition from contextual clues.

5) Check your definitions against the glossary definitions to add more detail to your

work.

6) Do not ever just “Google” definitions. “Googled” definitions may be too complex,

too vague, or written with a different context in mind. Stay specific to

chemistry.

Name:

Period:

Chapter 1 Vocabulary

1) ozone -

2) chlorofluorocarbons -

3) chemistry -

4) matter -

5) mass -

6) weight -

7) scientific method -

8) observation -

9) qualitative observation -

10) quantitative observation -

11) inference -

12) DRHERC -

13) formalized hypothesis -

14) independent (manipulated) variable -

15) dependent (responding) variable -

16) constant -

17) control -

18) controlled experiment -

19) graph -

20) interpolation -

21) extrapolation -

22) model -

23) scientific theory -

24) scientific law -

25) pure (basic) research -

26) applied research

27) technology -

Chapter 2 Vocabulary: Measurement and Data Analysis

1. SI System of Units –

2. standard -

3. base unit –

4. kilogram –

5. meter –

6. second –

7. Kelvin temperature scale -

8. derived unit –

9. volume –

10. liter –

11. density -

12. uncertainty –

13. accuracy –

14. precision –

15. percent error –

16. significant figures –

17. measuring volume by displacement -

18. scientific notation –

19. conversion factor -

20. dimensional analysis -

21. graph -

Chapter 3 and Chapter 13.4 Vocabulary: Matter – Properties and Changes

1. matter –

2. physical property -

3. chemical property -

4. intensive property -

5. extensive property -

6. characteristic property -

7. density -

8. state of matter -

9. solid -

10. liquid -

11. gas -

12. vapor –

13. Kinetic Molecular Theory -

14. physical change –

15. change of state (phase change) –

16. freezing –

17. melting –

18. vaporization –

19. boiling –

20. evaporation –

21. condensation –

22. sublimation –

23. deposition –

24. melting point / freezing point –

25. boiling point / condensation point –

26. sublimation point / deposition point -

27. phase diagram -

28. phase field -

29. phase boundary -

30. triple point -

31. critical point –

32. chemical change / chemical reaction –

33. precipitate –

34. endothermic change –

35. exothermic change -

36. Law of conservation of mass –

37. Law of conservation of energy -

38. mixture -

39. heterogeneous mixture -

40. homogeneous mixture -

41. solution –

42. solute-

43. solvent –

44. concentration –

45. percent by mass -

46. alloy -

47. pure substance -

48. element -

49. allotrope –

50. compound -

51. filtration -

52. distillation -

53. chromatography -

54. centrifuging–

55. fractional crystallization –

Chapter 16 Vocabulary (Sec. 1 and 2 only)

1) energy -

2) law of conservation of energy –

3) chemical potential energy –

4) temperature -

5) heat –

6) calorie –

7) joule –

8) specific heat (capacity) –

9) calorimeter –

10) thermal equilibrium -

11) thermochemistry –

12) system –

13) surroundings –

14) universe –

15) endothermic -

16) exothermic –

17) heating curve –

18) enthalpy -

19) enthalpy (heat) of fusion -

20) enthalpy (heat) of vaporization -

21) enthalpy (heat) of reaction -

Atomic Structure Vocabulary (Ch. 4-3)

Content Learning Objectives:

1) Explain the role of atomic number in determining the identity of an atom.

2) Define an isotope and explain why average atomic masses are not whole numbers.

3) Calculate the number of electrons, protons, and neutrons in an atom given its mass

number and atomic number.

1) element -

2) atom -

3) proton -

4) electron -

5) neutron -

6) nucleus -

7) atomic number -

8) isotope -

9) mass number-

10) atomic mass unit-

11) average atomic mass-

12) mass spectrometer –

Atomic Structure and Atomic Theory Vocabulary (Ch. 4.1, 4.2, 4.4)

1) Democritus -

2) Aristotle -

3) Law of Conservation of Mass -

4) Law of Definite Proportions (Constant Composition) (3.4) -

5) Law of Multiple Proportions (3.4) -

6) Dalton’s Atomic Theory –

7) atom -

8) element -

9) cathode ray -

10) electron –

11) Thomson’s Plum Pudding model of the atom –

12) alpha particle -

13) nucleus –

14) Rutherford’s nuclear model of the atom -

15) proton -

16) neutron –

17) nuclear reaction -

18) radioactivity –

19) radioisotopes -

20) radiation –

21) alpha radiation -

22) alpha particle –

23) beta radiation -

24) beta particle -

25) gamma radiation (rays) –

26) gamma particles –

27) nuclear reaction –

28) nuclear equation –

29) radioactive decay -

30) transmutation -

Formation of the Elements Vocabulary List

1) Universe -

2) Galaxy -

3) Star -

4) Solar System -

5) Supernova -

6) Big Bang Theory -

7) Big Bang nucleosynthesis -

8) Stellar nucleosynthesis -

9) Supernova nucleosynthesis –

10) Nuclear reaction –

11) Radioactive decay -

12) Transmutation -

13) Nuclear equation -

14) Nuclear fusion -

15) Nuclear fission –

16) Alpha radiation (particle) –

17) Beta radiation (particle) –

18) Gamma radiation (particle/waves) -

19) Nuclear bullet -

20) Neutrino -

21) Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram -

22) Main Sequence Stars -

23) Neutron Star -

24) Black Hole -

25) White Dwarf-

26) Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation -

Chapter 5 Vocabulary

1) electromagnetic radiation –

2) electromagnetic spectrum -

3) wavelength -

4) frequency -

5) amplitude -

6) speed of light equation -

7) Planck’s equation -

8) quantum (quantized energy) -

9) photoelectric effect -

10) photon -

11) atomic (bright-line) emission spectrum –

12) spectroscope -

13) Bohr’s energy level model of the atom -

14) principal energy levels -

15) ground state -

16) excited state --

17) electron cloud or orbital (energy sublevel) -

18) Quantum mechanical model of the atom –

19) duality principle -

20) Heisenberg uncertainty principle –

21) Schrodinger wave equation –

22) Quantum numbers –

Principal Quantum number (n) -

Azimuthal Quantum number (l) -

Magnetic Quantum number (ml) -

Spin Quantum number (ms) -

23) Pauli Exclusion Principle –

24) Orbital filling diagram –

25) Aufbau Principle –

26) Hund’s Rule –

27) Electron configuration –

28) Noble-gas core notation –

Chapter 6-7 Vocabulary List (The Periodic Table and Periodic Law)

1. Group/Family -

2. Period -

3. Representative elements (Main-Block elements) -

4. Alkali metals -

5. Alkaline earth metals -

6. Transition Metals -

7. Halogens –

8. Noble (Inert) Gases -

9. Inner transition metals -

10. Lanthanide series -

11. Actinide series -

12. Dimitri Mendeleev -

13. Periodic Law (Periodicity) -

14. Valence electrons -

15. Electron dot diagram (structure) –

16. Ion -

17. Cation -

18. Anion -

19. Octet Rule -

20. Duet Rule –

21. Effective nuclear charge (Zeff) -

22. Shielding effect -

23. Atomic radius -

24. Ionic Radius -

25. Ionization energy –

26. Electron affinity -

27. Electronegativity -

28. Isoelectronic series -

Vocabulary List for the Mole Concept (Chapter 11)

1) Mole (11.1) –

2) Avogadro’s number (11.1) -

3) Relative (average) atomic mass (Ar) (4.3) -

4) Relative molecular/formula mass (Mr) –

5) Molar mass (11.2) –

6) Mass – Mole ratio (11.2) –

7) Mole – Mole ratio (11.3) –

8) Mole – Particle ratio (11.1) -

9) Representative Particles (11.1) –

10) Atom (11.1) -

11) Ion (11.1) -

12) Molecule (11.1) -

13) Formula unit (11.1) -

Vocabulary for Unit on Ionic and Metallic Bonding (Chapter 8)

1. chemical bond -

2. chemical potential energy -

3. bond energy -

4. cation -

5. anion -

6. ionic bond -

7. lattice energy -

8. ionic compound -

9. salt -

10. electrolyte -

11. crystalline (crystal lattice structure) -

12. unit cell -

13. formula unit -

14. monatomic ion -

15. polyatomic ion -

16. binary ionic compound -

17. polyatomic ionic compound -

18. Stock System of Naming Ionic Compounds -

19. percent composition by mass (11.4) -

20. empirical formula (11.4) –

21. hydrate (11.5) -

22. electron sea model -

23. delocalized electrons -

24. metallic bond -

25. alloy -

Chapter 9 Vocabulary

Covalent Bonding and Covalent Substances (Chapter 9)

1) valence electrons -

2) covalent bond –

3) molecule -

4) covalent (molecular) compound –

5) binary covalent (molecular) compound –

6) System of Prefixes naming system -

7) Lewis Structure (electron dot structure) -

8) shared pair (bonded pair) –

9) unshared pair (unbonded or lone pair) –

10) single covalent bond -

11) double covalent bond -

12) triple covalent bond –

13) coordinate covalent (dative) bond -

14) resonance hybrid structures –

15) Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Theory (VSEPR) –

16) negative charge centres (electron clouds) -

17) electron cloud geometry -

18) molecular geometry (molecular shape) -

19) linear -

20) trigonal (triangular) planar -

21) trigonal (triangular) pyramidal -

22) tetrahedral -

23) bent or V-shaped -

24) bond angle -

25) bond length -

26) bond dissociation energy (bond enthalpy) -

27) electronegativity -

28) non-polar covalent bond -

29) polar covalent bond -

30) non-polar molecule -

31) polar molecule -

32) dipole –

33) resultant dipole -

34) intramolecular forces -

35) intermolecular forces -

36) Van der Waals’ or London dispersion forces -

37) dipole-dipole forces -

38) hydrogen bonds -

39) empirical formula (11.4) -

40) molecular formula (11.4) –

Chapter 10 Vocabulary

Chemical Reactions

1) chemical reaction -

2) reactants -

3) products –

4) yield sign -

5) coefficients -

6) subscripts –

7) skeleton equation -

8) endothermic reaction -

9) exothermic reaction -

10) system -

11) surroundings -

12) entropy –

13) bond enthalpy (bond dissociation energy) -

14) enthalpy of reaction -

15) Law of Conservation of Mass -

16) (s) -

17) (l) -

18) (g) -

19) (aq) -

20) combustion reaction -

21) synthesis reaction -

22) decomposition reaction -

23) single replacement (displacement) reaction -

24) double replacement (displacement) reaction -

25) acid-base (water-forming) reaction –

26) activity series -

27) precipitate -

28) solubility rules -

Chapter 12 Vocabulary List

Stoichiometry

1. molar mass -

2. Avogadro’s number -

3. dimensional analysis -

4. stoichiometry –

5. mole-mole stoichiometry problem -

6. mole-mass (mass-mole) stoichiometry problem -

7. mass-mass stoichiometry problem -

8. theoretical yield vs. actual yield -

9. percent yield -

10. molar volume of a gas -

11. limiting reactant –

12. molarity -

13. titration –

14. gravimetric analysis -