cherokee myths.odt

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MYTHS OF THE CHEROKEEBy James Mooney

From Nineteenth Annual Report of the Bureau of Ameri an Ethnolo!y "#$%&$#' (art )* +"$,,-

S anne. at ///*sa re.&te0ts* om' January&Fe1ruary 2,,"

ContentsCOSMOGONIC MYTHS1. How The World Was Made2. The First Fire

3. Kana't !nd Sel"# The Ori$in O% Ga&e !nd Corn. Ori$in O% (isease !nd Medi)ine*. The (a"$hter O% The S"n+. How The, -ro"$ht -a) The To/a))o0. The o"rne, To The S"nrise. The Moon !nd The Th"nders.. What The Stars !re 4i e15. Ori$in O% The 6leiades !nd The 6ine11. The Mil , Wa,12. Ori$in O% Straw/erries13. The Great Yellow78a) et# Ori$in O% Fish !nd Fro$s

1 . The (el"$e

34A5R4(E5 MYTHS1*. The Fo"r%ooted Tri/es1+. The 9a//it Goes (") H"ntin$10. How The 9a//it Stole The Otter's Coat1 . Wh, The 6oss"&'s Tail Is -are1 . How The Wild)at Ca"$ht The Go//ler 25. How The Terra:in -eat The 9a//it21. The 9a//it !nd The Tar Wol%

22. The 9a//it !nd The 6oss"& !%ter ! Wi%e23. The 9a//it (ines The -ear 2 . The 9a//it ;s)a:es Fro& The Wol


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31. The Terra:in's ;s)a:e Fro& The WollABsA't*1. $Dn7"ni'ts 's Sear)h For The > tena*2. The 9ed Man !nd The > tena

*3. The H"nter !nd The > s"'h* . The >stA'tl**. The >wEtsAB'ta*+. The Sna e -o,*0. The Sna e Man* . The 9attlesna e's =en$ean)e* . The S&aller 9e:tiles77%ishes !nd Inse)ts+5. Wh, The -"ll%ro$'s Head Is Stri:ed+1. The -"ll%ro$ 4o


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05. The -ride Fro& The So"th01. The I)e Man02. The H"nter !nd Sel"03. The >nder$ro"nd 6anthers0 . The Ts"ndi$e'w0*. Ori$in O% The -ear# The -ear Son$s

0+. The -ear Man00. The Great 4ee)h O% Tlan"si',0 . The NABn 'h !nd Other S:irit Fol 0 . The 9e&o


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M)SCE77ANEO4S MYTHS AN5 7E8EN5S112. The I$norant Ho"se ee:er 113. The Man In The St"&:11 . Two 4a@, H"nters11*. The Two Old Men11+. The Star Feathers110. The Mother -ear's Son$11 . -a/, Son$ To 6lease The Children11 . When -a/ies !re -orn# The Wren !nd The Cri) et.125. The 9a


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;


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/, $ood l") to $et o"t a$ain at the sa&e hole /"t his /od, had /een s)or)hed /la) and he has e


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$a&e? let's %ollow hi& ne t ti&e and %ind o"t.L ! %ew da,s a%terward Kana't too a /ow and so&%eathers in his hand and started o%% toward the west. The /o,s waited a little while and then went a%terhi& ee:in$ o"t o% si$ht "ntil the, saw hi& $o into a swa&: where there were a $reat &an, o% thes&all reeds that h"nters "se to &a e arrowsha%ts. Then the Wild -o, )han$ed hi&sel% into a :"%% /ird's down whi)h the wind too ": and )arried "ntil it ali$hted ":on Kana't 's sho"lder 8"st as heentered the swa&: /"t Kana't ' new nothin$ a/o"t it. The old &an )"t reeds %itted the %eathers to

the& and &ade so&e arrows and the Wild -o,77in his other sha:e77tho"$ht LI wonder what thosethin$s are %or L When Kana't had his arrows %inished he )a&e o"t o% the swa&: and went on a$The wind /lew the down %ro& his sho"lder and it %ell in the woods when the Wild -o, too his risha:e a$ain and went /a) and told his /rother what he had seen. Kee:in$ o"t o% si$ht o% their %atthe, %ollowed hi& ": the &o"ntain "ntil he sto::ed at a )ertain :la)e and li%ted a lar$e ro) . !t on)ethere ran o"t a /") whi)h Kana't shot and then li%tin$ it ":on his /a) he started %or ho&e a$ain.LOhoPL e )lai&ed the /o,s Lhe ee:s all the deer sh"t ": in that hole and whene


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wondered where all the )orn and /eans )o"ld )o&e %ro& as the ho"se was not a


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Soon a%terward so&e stran$ers %ro& a distan)e who had heard that the /rothers had a wonder%"%ro& whi)h the, &ade /read )a&e to as %or so&e %or none /"t Sel" and her %a&il, had e


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the, &a e a /ow and so&e arrows and see i% the, )o"ld not "se the sa&e wea:ons a$ainst Manhi&sel%. So one -ear $ot a ni)e :ie)e o% lo)"st wood and another sa)ri%i)ed hi&sel% %or the $oorest in order to %"rnish a :ie)e o% his entrails %or the strin$. -"t when e


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rea)hed the end o% the list when so&e one :ro:osed to &a e &enstr"ation so&eti&es %atal to wo&On this he rose7": in his :la)e and )ried# LWad'! RThan sP I'& $lad so&e &ore o% the& will die %the, are $ettin$ so thi) that the, tread on &e.L The tho"$ht %airl, &ade hi& sha e with 8o, so that %ell o


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Mole tried to rea)h it /, $oin$ "nder the $ro"nd /"t the (a$AlE A saw his tra) and illed hi& as he)a&e o"t.!t last the H"&&in$/ird o%%ered /"t the others said he was entirel, too s&all and &i$ht as well staho&e. He /e$$ed the& to let hi& tr, so the, showed hi& a :lant in a %ield and told hi& to let the& how he wo"ld $o a/o"t it. The ne t &o&ent he was $one and the, saw hi& sittin$ on the :lant andthen in a &o&ent he was /a) a$ain /"t no one had seen hi& $oin$ or )o&in$ /e)a"se he was soswi%t. LThis is the wa, I'll do L said the H"&&in$/ird so the, let hi& tr,.He %lew o%% to the east and when he )a&e in si$ht o% the to/a))o the (a$AlE A were wat)hin$ it /"t the, )o"ld not see hi& /e)a"se he was so s&all and %lew so swi%tl,. He darted down on the :lant77tsa!77and snat)hed o%% the to: with the lea


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:ine not was :"t into her hand and she was lowered into the :it to die there in the dar ness a%ter thlast :ine not was /"rned.The ,o"n$ &en tra


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6leiades whi)h the Chero ee still )all !ni'ts"tsD The -o,s . The :eo:le $rie


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/ee h"nters %ollow the %li$ht o% a /ee to its tree. The >'laE$A' )a&e and )arried o%% the sJ"irrelstrin$ han$in$ to it /"t darted awa, so swi%tl, thro"$h the air that it was o"t o% si$ht in a &o&entThe, illed a t"r e, and :"t a lon$er white strin$ to it and the >'laE$A' )a&e and too the t"r e, /"twas $one a$ain /e%ore the, )o"ld see in what dire)tion it %lew. The, too a deer ha& and tied a whstrin$ to it and a$ain the >'laE$A' swoo:ed down and /ore it o%% so swi%tl, that it )o"ld not /e %!t last the, illed a ,earlin$ deer and tied a 'laE$A' )a&e a$ain and

sei@ed the deer /"t this ti&e the load was so hea


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hair wo


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/e%ore retirin$ to their dens %or the winter. -ein$ reall, h"&an the, )an tal i% the, onl, wo"ld andon)e a &other /ear was heard sin$in$ to her )"/ in words whi)h the h"nter "nderstood. There is one


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In a )hara)teristi) son$ %or&"la to :re


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"%* Ho/ The Ra11it Stole The Otter:s CoatThe ani&als were o% di%%erent si@es and wore )oats o%


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:"lled the :aw awa, and there was the 9a//it with his s:lit nose. He s:ran$ ": and started to r"nwhen the -ear str") at hi& and :"lled his tail o%% /"t the 9a//it was too J"i) %or the& and $ot awa

"#* 6hy The (ossum:s Tail )s BareThe 6oss"& "sed to ha


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i% dead while the 9a//it $athered so&e rotten wood and )r"&/led it o


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howe


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2>* The Ra11it Es apes From The 6ol esSo&e Wol


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2$* 6hy The Min SmellsThe Min was s")h a $reat thie% that at last the ani&als held a )o"n)il a/o"t the &atter. It was de)idto /"rn hi& so the, )a"$ht the Min /"ilt a $reat %ire and threw hi& into it. !s the /la@e went ": anthe, s&elt the roasted %lesh the, /e$an to thin he was :"nished eno"$h and wo"ld :ro/a/l, do /etterin the %"t"re so the, too hi& o"t o% the %ire. -"t the Min was alread, /"rned /la) and is /la) e


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ea$le iller re$"larl, )hosen %or the :"r:ose on a))o"nt o% his nowled$e o% the :res)ri/ed %or&s athe :ra,ers to /e said a%terwards in order to o/tain :ardon %or the ne)essar, sa)rile$e and th"s ward


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!nother )han)e nder a stri)ter )onstr")tion o% the theor, this &eat is %or/idden to a wo&an"ntil she is :ast )hild /earin$.The red/ird tatsu'hw is /elie


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The /irds had the ;a$le %or their )a:tain with the Haw and the $reat TlD'n"wD all swi%t and stro%li$ht /"t still the, were a little a%raid o% the ani&als. The dan)e was o


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T"r e, LI'll wal a little wa, and ,o" )an see how it loo s.L So he wal ed ahead a short distan)e andthen t"rned and as ed the Terra:in how he li ed it. Said the Terra:in LIt loo s


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sta, with &e while I :ra)ti)e.L So the Terra:in let hi& ha


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>9* The Ra e Bet/een The Crane An. TheHummin!1ir.The H"&&in$/ird and the Crane were /oth in lo


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nearl, all the other %eathers on his head. He lost his :ride at the sa&e ti&e so that he is willin$ enonow to eat )arrion %or a li%* The Ea!le:s Re en!eOn)e a h"nter in the &o"ntains heard a noise at ni$ht li e a r"shin$ wind o"tside the )a/in and on$oin$ o"t he %o"nd that an ea$le had 8"st ali$hted on the dr,in$ :ole and was tearin$ at the /od, o%deer han$in$ there. Witho"t thin in$ o% the dan$er he shot the ea$le. In the &ornin$ he too the dand started /a) to the settle&ent where he told what he had done and the )hie% sent o"t so&e &en /rin$ in the ea$le and arran$e %or an ;a$le dan)e. The, /ro"$ht /a) the dead ea$le e


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twit)h and the tooth to &o tena is a $reat sna e as lar$e aro"nd as a tree tr"n with horns on itshead and a /ri$ht /la@in$ )rest li e a dia&ond ":on its %orehead and s)ales $litterin$ li e s:ar s o%%ire. It has rin$s or s:ots o% )olor alon$ its whole len$th and )an not /e wo"nded e )e:t /, shootin$


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the se


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&o"ntain he %o"nd there a $reat di,a'hDl li@ard /as in$ /"t altho"$h it was lar$e and terri/le toloo at it was not what he wanted and he :aid no attention to it. Goin$ still so"th to Wal si', the Fro :la)e he %o"nd a $reat %ro$ sJ"attin$ in the $a: /"t when the :eo:le who )a&e to see it were%ri$htened li e the others and ran awa, %ro& the &onster he &o) ed at the& %or /ein$ a%raid o%and went on to the ne t $a:. He went on to ("nis waEl$AB', the Ga: o% the For ed !ntler and to then)hanted la e o% !ta$ 'h and at ea)h he %o"nd &onstro"s re:tiles /"t he said the, were nothin$. H

tho"$ht the > tena &i$ht /e hidin$ in the dee: water at Tlan"si', the 4ee)h :la)e on Hiwasseewhere other stran$e thin$s had /een seen /e%ore and $oin$ there he di tena tried to %ollow /"t the arrow was thro"$h his heart. and in another &o&ent he rolled oin his death str"$$le s:ittin$ :oison o tena had str") ? /"t so lon$ as he li


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heard that sna es )an not /ear the s&ell o% :ers:iration. 6"ttin$ his %ree hand into his /oso& he woit aro"nd "nder his ar&:it "ntil it was )ostA'tl or L%ootL sna e /e)a"se it did not $lide li e other sna es /"t had %eet at ea)h endits /od, and &ostA /"t he had &ade ": his &ind to see it so he did not t"rn /a) /"t went strai$ht %orward and there s"eno"$h was the &onster with its $reat head in the air as hi$h as the :ine /ran)hes loo in$ in e


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the s&o e and saw the %la&es )o&in$ it %or$ot all a/o"t the h"nter and t"rned to &a e all s:eed %ohi$h )li%% near the s"&&it. It rea)hed the ro) and $ot ":on it /"t the %ire %ollowed and )an ht th :ines a/o"t the /ase o% the )li%% "ntil the heat &ade the >stA'tl 's s)ales )ra) . Ta in$ a )lose $ri: o%ro) with its hind %eet it raised its /od, and :"t %orth all its stren$th in an e%%ort to s:rin$ a)ross thwall o% %ire that s"rro"nded it /"t the s&o e )ho ed it and its hold loosened and it %ell a&on$ the /la@in$ :ine tr"n s and la, there "ntil it was /"rned to ashes.

??* The 4/ ts G:ta!t NAB'dD,e'El the wildest s:ot on Nantahala ri


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o


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the /"ll%ro$ also /"t the &eat is ta/"ed to /all :la,ers while in trainin$ %or %ear that the /rittlenessthe %ro$'s /ones wo"ld /e i&:arted to those o% the :la,er.The land tortoise tks' is :ro&inent in the ani&al &,ths and is re:"ted to ha


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a::ears onl, in s:rin$ is /elie


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o% s")h J"i) intelli$en)e as to re&e&/er witho"t e%%ort an,thin$ on)e heard. The sa&e desira/le r&a, /e a))o&:lished with a $rown :erson /"t with &")h &ore di%%i)"lt, as in that )ase it is ne)essato s)rat)h the inside o% the throat %or %o"r s"))essi


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&arr, ,o".L She wondered &")h "ntil one da, when she )a&e down she saw sittin$ on a stone /, thes:rin$ a /"ll%ro$ whi)h s"ddenl, too the %or& o% a ,o"n$ &an and as ed her to &arr, hi&. She)onsented and too hi& /a) with her to the ho"se. -"t altho"$h he had the sha:e o% a &an there wasJ"eer /"ll%ro$ loo a/o"t his %a)e so that the $irl's %a&il, hated hi& and at last :ers"aded her to sehi& awa,. She told hi& and he went awa, /"t when the, ne t went down to the s:rin$ the, heard a


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He went on and soon the news )a&e to Th"nder that a /o, was loo in$ %or hi& who )lai&ed to /e hson. Said Th"nder LI ha


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The /o, too the $o"rd and his war )l"/ and started east alon$ the road /, whi)h he had )o&e. !s soonas Btsai', saw hi& he )alled to hi& and when he saw the $o"rd with the /ead strin$ han$in$ o"t hewanted to :la, %or it. The /o, drew o"t the strin$. /"t there see&ed to /e no end to it and he e:t on :"llin$ "ntil eno"$h had )o&e o"t to &a e a )ir)le all aro"nd the :la,$ro"nd. LI will :la, one $a&e %othis &")h a$ainst ,o"r sta e L said the /o, Land when that is o


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)a


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snea ed ": to tr, to s"r:rise one alone. So as well as the, )o"ld the, tried to ee: to$ether and were


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@#* The Hunter )n The 5I /I:In the old da,s there was a $reat %ish )alled the (D wD' whi)h li


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%,* The Bri.e From The SouthThe North went tra


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%2* The Hunter An. Selu! h"nter had /een tra&:in$ o


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the settle&ent he %o"nd a :art, 8"st startin$ o"t to sear)h %or hi&. The, as ed hi& where he had /eeso lon$ and he told the& the stor, and then he %o"nd that he had /een in the :anther townho"sese


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The %ather and &other tal ed it o


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Soon the, heard the h"nters )o&in$ ": the &o"ntain and then the .do$s %o"nd the )a


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%ollow it /e)a"se the 4ittle 6eo:le do not li e to /e dist"r/ed at ho&e and the, throw a s:ell o


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the s:ot in their )anoes see the ro"nd do&e o% the townho"se77now t"rned to stone77in the water the& and so&eti&es hear the so"nd o% the dr"& and dan)e )o&in$ ": and the, ne


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was alone77the, had disa::eared as tho"$h the &o"ntain had swallowed the&. Then he new that thwere the NABn 'h who had )o&e to hel: their %riends the Chero ee.

#"* Tsul: Il ' The Slant&eye. 8iant! lon$ ti&e a$o a widow li


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ri


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The ,o"n$ &an went /a) to KDn"$a and told the :eo:le. The, all wanted to see Ts"lE DlA' whoowned all the $a&e in the &o"ntains so the, went into the townho"se and /e$an the %ast. The, %athe %irst da, and the se)ond and e


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)hildren and /elon$in$s had &o


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he had /een a))"sto&ed to at ho&e and when he had eaten the )hie% too hi& thro"$h the settle&e"ntil he had seen all the ho"ses and tal ed with &ost o% the :eo:le. When he had seen e


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#>* The Man 6ho Marrie. The Thun.er:sSisterIn the old ti&es the :eo:le "sed to dan)e o%ten and all ni$ht. On)e there was a dan)e at the old towS wi', on the head o% Chattahoo)hee and a%ter it was well started two ,o"n$ wo&en with /ea"tilon$ hair )a&e in /"t no one new who the, were or when)e the, had )o&e. The, dan)ed with one :artner and another and in the &ornin$ sli::ed awa, /e%ore an,one new that the, were $one? /"t a,o"n$ warrior had %allen in lo


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was 8"st a/o"t to start to a )o"n)il and in


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it and in se


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hands with the& and the, ha


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was s"re to /e :ro&:tl, retaliated /, the warriors %ro& the north the $reat o/8e)t o% e


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a::ears %ro& the re)ord to ha


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)lo"d, water in their )o"ntr, and the, had )o


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on the /ed %ro& whi)h the ,o"n$ &an had risen and )o


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"n%ort"nate &en l,in$ )lose "nder the to:s o% so&e %allen ,o"n$ :ine trees. The )o&:an, $a


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a::le and hal% a :i$eon. Hat)inoBdoB said LThis is


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$?* Hemp& arrierOn the so"thern slo:e o% the rid$e alon$ the trail %ro& 9o//ins


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relati


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The, tra


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a& a do"/le &an.L -e%ore lon$ the ene&, heard that the Sene)a were there and sent the& a )hallento )o&e and %i$ht. The Sene)a said LWe &"st tr, to satis%, the& L so with Chero ee $"ides the, se%or the )o"ntr, o% the SeoJ$wa$eono. The, went on "ntil the, )a&e to an o:enin$ in the woods witone da,'s 8o"rne, o% the %irst


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On the Carolina side the Shawano a::roa)h was "s"all, &ade ": the 6i$eon ri


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whose na&e was [tDwa'hD7tsistatla's L(ead7wood7li$hter L resorted to his &a$i) arts and %o"nthe Shawano were in a&/"sh alon$ the trail on the north side o% the ri


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hi&sel% /ein$ a&on$ the %irst illed and in a %ew &o&ents the, /ro e and ran e


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",>* The Eastern Tri1es-esides the IroJ"ois and Shawano the Chero ee re&e&/er also the (elawares T"s)arora Cataw/aand Cheraw as tri/es to the east or north with whi)h the, %or&erl, had relations.The Chero ee )all the (elawares !na wan'E in the sin$"lar ! wan'E a deri


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let &atters stand as the, were than to &a e :ea)e with the T"s)arora and /e o/li$ed i&&ediatel, toloo a/o"t %or new ene&ies with who& to %i$ht. For so&e ,ears /e%ore the o"t/rea o% the T"s)arwar in 1011 the Chero ee had )eased their inroads ":on this tri/e and it was there%ore s"::osed thatthe, were &ore /"sil, en$a$ed with so&e other :eo:le west o% the &o"ntains these /ein$ :ro/a/l, theShawano who& the, dro


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east o% that ri


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/etween those strea&s and the Tennessee or e


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a settle&ent whi)h the, o))":ied 8ointl, near Sa


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!))ordin$ to the testi&on, o% a Chero ee &i ed7/lood na&ed Gans 'Et or 9attlin$7$o"rd who was /orn on Hiwassee ri


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Tennessee 8"st a/o


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The Cho)taw a loose )on%edera), o% tri/es %or&erl, o))":,in$ so"thern Mississi::i and the ad8a)en)oast re$ion are )alled !ni'7Tsa'Eta /, the Chero ee who a::ear to ha


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the Indians. Findin$ all the, )o"ld sa, not eno"$h to :re


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"",* )n i.ents Of (ersonal HeroismIn the Chero ee war o% 10+5 when s&all /odies o% the ene&, a))ordin$ to Ha,wood were :"shin$their inroads eastward al&ost to Salis/"r, a :art, o% si or ei$ht warriors was dis)o


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$ro"nd. Ne t the, &ade a %ire in the )enter o% the )ir)le and :"t near it the /od, o% so&e :ro&inent)hie% or :riest who had latel, died77so&e sa, selABsA't stone an " tena s)ale or horn a %eather %ro& the ri$ht win$ o% an ea$le or $reat tlDwhi)h li


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"s"all, the &at)h&a ers77$ot read, and went to the ,o"n$ &an's &other to tal it o


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the )ir)le the s:ies %ollowed hi& in the dar ness and saw hi& $o down to the ri


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""$* 6hen Ba1ies Are Born< The 6ren An. TheCri et*The little Wren is the &essen$er o% the /irds and :ries into e


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Lli e a %lo) o% :i$eons when the haw swoo:s.L When at last a 9a


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So&e o% o"r :eo:le who went onl, with the


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Ma)on )o"nties. This and the ad8oinin$ :ea Swi& /ald are to$ether )alled Sehwate', LHornet :la)e L %ro& a &onster hornet whi)h a))ordin$ to tradition %or&erl, had its nest there and )o"ldseen %l,in$ a/o"t the tree to:s or s"nnin$ itsel% on the /ald s:ots and whi)h was so %ier)e that it drawa, e


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ha


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the strea& the hi$h )li%%s sh"t o"t the dire)t li$ht o% the s"n "ntil nearl, noon. Fro& a %alse ideais deriwEtsAB'ta see n"&/er * . !s ill"stratin$ thstee:ness o% the )li%%s alon$ the strea& it was said o% a noted h"nter Tsasta'w who liG TS!'N`# ! rid$e /elow Yellow Hill Chero ee on O)onal"%tee ri!44!# ! :ost7o%%i)e and %or&er tradin$ station in a) son )o"nt, on the /order o% the :resent ;aChero ee reser


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)ree so"thwest o% 9o//insKI4 bN b'Y`# LWhere he ali$hted L two s&all /ald s:ots on the side o% the &o"ntain at the heo% 4ittle Snow/ird )ree so"thwest o% 9o//insG!N b'T!TS b'Y`# LWhere the " tena $ot %astened L a s:ot on T") ase$ee ri


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the $ro"nd li e a t"r e,.=;NG;!NC; C9;;K# ! so"th tri/"tar, o% =alle, ri


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!nderson )o"nt,? it is a )orr":tion o% the 4ower Chero ee diale)ti) %or& KDw n'7"r 'sAB', orKDw n'7ts"r '7sAB', LWhere the d") %ell o%%.L !))ordin$ to the still s"rFF!4O T9!CK 9OCK# This ro) o% whi)h the Indian na&e is now lost is inde%initel, &entioneas lo)ated so"thwest %ro& C"&/erland $a: on the northern /order o% the state. !))ordin$ to Wa%%it was well nown so&e ei$ht, ,ears a$o to the old Chero ee h"nters who des)ri/ed it as )o


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Con)ernin$ LChi) a&a"$a $"l)h L a )an,on on the northern strea& o% that na&e a news:a:er write$i


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&ean L-i$ s:oon L as has /een in)orre)tl, asserted.

"2?* 7o al 7e!en.s Of 8eor!iaFor &ore i&:ortant le$ends lo)ali@ed in Geor$ia see the stories Yah"la The NABn 'h The >stA'tl$an7"ni'ts 's Sear)h %or the > tena and The Man who Married the Th"nder's Sister. White's HistorColle)tions o% Geor$ia is res:onsi/le %or a n"&/er o% :se"do7&,ths.CHO66;( O!K# ! noted tree s)arred with h"ndreds o% hat)het &ar s %or&erl, in Ha/ersha&)o"nt, + &iles east o% Clar es


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/"ried in the sa&e $ra


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Hiwassee. The )orre)t Chero ee %or& a::lied to the %or&er settle&ent on /oth strea&s is Ta$w 'hLCataw/a :la)e L i&:l,in$ the %or&er :resen)e o% Indians o% that tri/e. The lands a/o"t To))oa %awere sold /, the Chero ee in 10 3 and were owned at one ti&e /, Wa%%ord's $rand%ather. !))ordinWa%%ord there was a tradition that when the whites %irst


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/elie


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The di


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the :la,ers to :aint the&sel


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To/a))o was "sed as a sa)red in)ense or as the $"arantee o% a sole&n oath in nearl, e


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i&:art to it the stren$th and to"$hness o% the :lant while a :re:aration o% the lea

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