chicago park district rapid assessment species · newcomb’s wildflower guide; kurz (2004)...

Appendix 7. Chicago Park District Rapid Assessment Species 1

Chicago Park District Rapid Assessment Species

Jason Miller, MacConnell Wilson, Mallory Rasky, Rachel Goad

Plants of Concern, Chicago Botanic Garden version 2 8/2018

Purpose: This guide is a companion to the Natural Areas Rapid Assessment for the Chicago Park District as developed by Plants of Concern

at the Chicago Botanic Garden.

Species included:

The species represented here are only those included in the assessment – this is not a comprehensive guide to species found in any

natural area. Rather, this guide presents only those species that monitors collecting data for the rapid assessment will need to focus

on. Future versions will also include species descriptions.

Habitat grids:

To provide more information about where plants are found, we created grids that indicate their moisture and light preferences.

Preferences were taken from habitat notes in the Flora of the Chicago Region (2017) and our own experience. Blue shades indicate

moisture preference, while brown/yellow shades indicate sun/shade preference. Colors filled in for a given species indicate the

range over which the species may grow.

Additional Resources: Many resources are available to help you identify unknown species. We recommend: Newcomb (1989)

Newcomb’s Wildflower Guide; Kurz (2004) Illinois Wildflowers; Brown (1992) Grasses: An Identification Guide; Wilhelm and

Rericha (2017) Flora of the Chicago Region

Wet (e.g., wet woodland, fen, seep)

Shaded (e.g., woodland)

Dry (e.g., gravel hill prairie)

Full sun (e.g., prairie)

Mesic (includes wet-mesic to dry-mesic)

Partly shaded (e.g., savanna, open woodland)


Tree Species: Opposite Leaves

1 Acer negundo

Box Elder

2 Acer rubrum

Red Maple

3 Acer saccharinum

Silver Maple

4 Acer saccharum

Sugar Maple

Tree Species: Alternate Leaves

5 Fraxinus lanceolata

Green Ash

6 Staphylea trifolia

Bladdernut

7 Celtis occidentalis

Hackberry

8 Juglans nigra

Black Walnut

9 Populus deltoides

Cottonwood

10 Prunus americana

Wild Plum

11 Prunus serotina

Black Cherry

12 Prunus virginiana

Choke Cherry

13 Quercus alba

White Oak

14 Quercus bicolor

Swamp White Oak

15 Quercus imbricaria

Shingle Oak

16 Quercus macrocarpa

Bur Oak

17 Quercus rubra

Red Oak

18 Quercus velutina

Black Oak


Tree Species: Compound Leaves

19 Tilia americana

American Linden

20 Ulmus americana

American Elm

21 Gleditsia triacanthos

Honey Locust

22 Gymnocladus dioicus

Kentucky Coffee Tree

Vine Species

23 Zanthoxylum americanum

Prickly Ash

24 Lonicera reticulata

Grape Honeysuckle

25 Parthenocissus quinquefolia

Virginia Creeper

26 Toxicodendron radicans

Poison Ivy

Shrub

Species: Opposite Leaves

27 Vitis riparia

Riverbank Grape

28 Cephalanthus occidentalis

Buttonbush

29 Cornus racemosa

Grey Dogwood

30 Cornus sericea

Red Sticks

Shrub

Species: Compound

Alternate Leaves

31 Sambucus canadensis

Elderberry

32 Viburnum lentago

Nannyberry

33 Amorpha canescens

Lead Plant

34 Amorpha fruticosa

Indigo Bush


35 Dasiphora fruticosa

Shrubby Cinquefoil

36 Rhus aromatica

Fragrant Sumac

37 Rhus glabra

Smooth Sumac

38 Rhus typhina

Staghorn sumac

39 Rosa carolina

Carolina Rose

Shrub

Species: Alternate Simple

Leaves

40 Rosa setigera sp.

Downy Illinois Rose

41 Rubus occidentalis

Black Raspberry

42 Carpinus caroliniana subsp.

virginiana

Blue Beech

43 Corylus americana

American Hazelnut

44 Hamamelis virginiana

Witchhazel

45 Ostrya virginiana

Hop Hornbeam

46 Salix humilis

Prairie Willow

47 Salix interior

Sandbar Willow

48 Salix myricoides

Blue-Leaved Willow

Herbaceous

Species: Opposite or

Whorled Leaves

49 Salix nigra

Black Willow

50 Ambrosia artemisiifolia

Common Ragweed

51 Ambrosia trifida

Giant Ragweed

52 Anemone virginiana

Tall Thimbleweed


53 Anemonella thalictroides

Rue Anemone

54 Asclepias syriaca

Common Milkweed

55 Asclepias verticillata

Whorled Milkweed

56 Boehmeria cylindrica

Swamp False Nettle

57 Circaea canadensis

Enchanter’s Nightshade

58 Claytonia virginica

Spring Beauty

59 Coreopsis palmata

Prairie Coreopsis

60 Coreopsis tripteris

Tall Coreopsis

61 Eupatorium altissimum

Tall Boneset

62 Eupatorium serotinum

Late Boneset

63 Eutrochium purpureum

Purple Joe Pye Weed

64 Galium aparine

Wild Velcro

65 Helianthus grosseserratus

Sawtooth Sunflower

66 Helianthus mollis

Downy Sunflower

67 Helianthus occidentalis

Western Sunflower

68 Hypericum punctatum

Spotted St. Johns Wort

69 Lilium michiganense

Michigan Lily

70 Phlox divaricata

Woodland Phlox

71 Physostegia virginiana

Obedient Plant

72 Pilea pumila

Clearweed


73 Pycnanthemum tenuifolium

Slender Mountain Mint

74 Pycnanthemum virginianum

Mountain Mint

75 Silene antirrhina

Sleepy Catchfly

76 Silphium integrifolium

Rosinweed

77 Silphium perfoliatum

Cup Plant

Herbaceous

Species: Alternate Leaves

78 Teucrium canadense

Canadian Germander

79 Verbena stricta

Hoary Vervain

80 Verbena urticifolia

White Vervain

81 Veronicastrum virginicum

Culver’s Root

82 Acalypha rhomboidea

Three-Seeded Mercury

83 Agrimonia gryposepala

Tall Agrimony

84 Aquilegia canadensis

Wild Columbine

86 Arisaema triphyllum

Jack-in-the-Pulpit

87 Arnoglossum atriplicifolium

Pale Indian Plantain

88 Artemisia campestris subsp.

Beach Wormwood

Beach Wormwood

89 Asclepias tuberosa

Butterfly Milkweed

90 Baptisia lactea

White Wild Indigo

91 Cicuta maculata

Water Hemlock

92 Cirsium discolor

Pasture Thistle


93 Comandra umbellata

Bastard Toadflax

94 Cycloloma atriplicfolium

Winged Pigweed

95 Dalea purpurea

Purple Prairie Clover

96 Desmanthus illinoensis

Illinois Bundleflower

97 Drymocallis arguta

Prairie Cinquefoil

98 Echinacea pallida

Pale Purple Coneflower

99 Echinacea purpurea

Broad-Leaved Coneflower

100 Ellisia nyctelea

Aunt Lucy

101 Enemion biternatum

False Rue Anemone

102 Eryngium yuccifolium

Rattlesnake Master

103 Euphorbia corollata

Flowering Spurge

104 Eurybia macrophylla

Big-Leaf Aster

105 Euthamia graminifolia sp.

Grass-Leaved Goldenrod

106 Geum canadense

White Avens

107 Hackelia virginiana

Stickseed

108 Heracleum maximum

Cow Parsnip

109 Impatiens capensis

Orange Jewelweed

110 111 Lespedeza capitata

Round-Headed Bush Clover

112 Lobelia spicata

Pale Spiked Lobelia


113 Mertensia virginica

Virginia Bluebells

114 Oenothera biennis

Common Evening Primrose

115 Oligoneuron riddellii

Riddell’s Goldenrod

116 Oligoneuron rigidum

Stiff Goldenrod

117 Oxalis stricta

Common Yellow Oxalis

118 Parthenium integrifolium

Wild Quinine

119 Phytolacca americana

Pokeweed

120 Polemonium reptans

Jacob’s Ladder

121 Potentilla norvegica

Rough Cinquefoil

122 Potentilla simplex

Common Cinquefoil

123 Ratibida pinnata

Yellow Coneflower

124 Rudbeckia hirta

Black-Eyed Susan

125 Rudbeckia triloba

Brown-Eyed Susan

126 Smilacina racemosa

False Solomon’s Seal

127 Solanum ptycanthum

Black Nightshade

128 Solidago altissima

Tall Goldenrod

129 Solidago caesia

Blue-Stemmed Goldenrod

130 Solidago flexicaulis

Zig-Zag Goldenrod

131 Solidago gigantea

Late Goldenrod

132 Solidago juncea

Early Goldenrod


133 Solidago nemoralis

Old-Field Goldenrod

134 Solidago ulmifolia

Elm-Leaved Goldenrod

135 Symphyotrichum ericoides

Heath Aster

136 Symphyotrichum laeve

Smooth Blue Aster

137 Symphyotrichum shortii

Short’s Aster

138 Tephrosia virginiana

Goat’s Rue

139 Thalictrum dioicum

Early Meadow Rue

140 Tradescatia ohiensis

Common Spiderwort

141 Uvularia granidflora

Bellwort

142 Verbesina alternifolia

Wingstem

Herbaceous

Species: Basal Leaves

143 Vernonia fasciculata

Smooth Ironweed

144 Zizia aurea

Golden Alexanders

145 Allium canadense

Wild Garlic

146 Allium cernuum

Nodding Onion

147 Allium tricoccum

Wild Leek

148 Aralia nudicaulis

Wild Sarsaparilla

149 Argentina anserina

Silverweed Cinquefoil

150 Caltha palustris

Marsh Marigold

151 Dodecatheon media

Shooting Star


152 Erythronium albidum

White Trout Lily

153 Fragaria virginiana

Wild Strawberry

154 Heuchera richardsonii

Prairie Alum Root

155 Hydrophyllum virginianum

Virginia Waterleaf

156 Pedicularis canadensis

Wood Betony

157 Plantago rugelii

Red-Stalked Plantain

158 Pontederia cordata

Pickerel Weed

159 Ranunuculus abortivus

Small-Flowered Buttercup

160 Sagittaria latifolia

Common Arrowhead

161 Sanguinaria canadensis

Bloodroot

Graminoid

Species: Grasses

162 Silphium laciniatum

Compass Plant

163 Silphium terebinthinaceum

Prairie Dock

164 Symplocarpus foetidus

Skunk Cabbage

165 Viola pedata var. lineariloba

Birds’ Foot Violet

166 Ammophila breviligulata

Marram Grass

167 Andropogon gerardii

Big Bluestem

168 Bouteloua curtipendula

Side-Oats Grama

169 Bromus pubescens

Woodland Brome

170 Calamagrostis canadensis

Blue Joint Grass


171 Calamovilfa longifolia magna

Prairie Sandreed

172 Elymus canadensis

Canada Wild Rye

173 Glyceria striata

Fowl Manna Grass

174 Leersia oryzoides

Rice Cut Grass

175 Panicum virgatum

Switch Grass

Graminoid

Species: Grasses, Sedges,

and Rushes

176 Schizachyrium scoparium

Little Bluestem

177 Sorghastrum nutans

Indian Grass

178 Sporobolus heterolepis

Prairie Dropseed

179 Carex hirtifolia

Hairy Sedge

Ferns and

Fern Allies

180 Carex pensylvanica

Pennsylvania Sedge

181 Carex stricta

Common Tussock Sedge

182 Juncus balticus

Lake Shore Rush

183 Juncus effusus

Common Rush

184 Equisetum arvense

Horsetail

185 Equisetum hyemale

Tall Scouring Rush

186 Onoclea sensibilis

Sensitive Fern

187 Osmunda spectabilis

Royal Fern

188 Osmundastrum cinnamomeum

Cinnamon Fern


Photo credits: Aarongunnar, www.inaturalist.org: 3a, 58, 151a, 166, 170a

Alan Cressler, www.wildflower.org: 138a, 165, 184

Andrew Cannazzaro, www.inaturalist.org: 163a

Anna Braum: 10, 41, 81,

Anne Parsons, www.inaturalist.org: 64a

Arebee, www.inaturalist.org: 118

Bcarroscia, www.inaturlist.org: 49a

Ben_montgomery, www.inaturalist.org: 124

Bob O’Kennon, www.inaturalist.org: 169

Bonnie L. Harper, www.wildflowers.org: 175, 178

Botanic Wanderer, www.inaturalist.org: 175b

Brenda K. Loveless, www.wildflower.org: 142

Carlos G Velazco-Marcias, www.inaturalist.org: 119

Carolyn Fannon, www.wildflowers.org: 167a, 167b

Cdmar10, www.inaturalist.org: 99

Charleen, www.inaturalist.org: 147

Chicago Botanic Garden: 163

Chris Evans, University of Illinois, Bugwood.org: 63a

ColinDJones, www.inaturalist.org: 116

Daniel Newberry, www.inaturalist.org: 108

Davecz2, www.inaturalist.org: 121b

David McDermott, www.inaturalist.org: 176

Debbie Johnson, www.inaturalist.org: 100a

Donald Cameron, https://gobotany.newenglandwild.org: 50

Donna Pomeory, www.inaturalist.org: 33a

Dwayne Estes, www.inaturalist.org: 107, 129a

Edgarallenhoope, www.inaturalist.org: 29a

Erika Mitchell, www.inaturalist.org: 128, 132a

Erin Faulkner, www.inaturalist.org: 103a

Evan Barker, www.inaturalist.org: 54,

Evan Raskin, www.inaturalist.org: 60a, 128b

Frank Mayfield, www.inaturalist.org: 76a

Godutchbaby, www.inaturlist.org: 84

Greg Lasley, www.inaturalist.org: 36

Guyincognito, www.inaturalist.org: 121a

Illinoisbotanizer, www.inaturalist.org: 157

J. Berard, www.inaturalist.org: 2a,

Jason Hollinger, www.inaturlist.org: 86

Jason Miller (POC): 1a, 4a, 7, 8a, 9, 13, 13a, 18b, 23, 23a, 26, 27,

27a, 33, 35, 42a, 45a, 48, 48a, 49, 60, 61a, 64, 64a, 66, 66a, 75, 78,

82a, 84a, 90a, 91b, 126, 133a, 164, 165a, 175a, 182, 183, 187,

187a

Jason Travis Watanabe Medaris, www.inaturalist.org: 119a

Jeff Skrentny, www.inaturalist.org, 88

Jeremy Barker, www.inaturalist.org: 179a

Jessie Lincoln, www.inaturalist.org: 134

Joe Bartok, www.inaturalist.org: 6a, 47

Joe Walewski, www.inaturalist.org: 181

John Hilty, Illinois Wildflowers: 15, 15a, 40, 57, 71b, 73a, 76,

128a, 132b, 170

John and Jane Balaban: 24a

Jokurtz, www.inaturalist.org: 48b

Joseph A. Marcus, www.wildflowers.org: 168b

Julie Makin, www.wildflower.org: 142a

Kate Gudmundson, www.inaturalist.org: 149

KatieLMiller, www.inaturalist.org: 51, 52b

Kathy Cox, www.inaturalist.org: 62

Katy Chayka, Minnesota Wildflowers: 1, 3, 4, 5, 9a, 11a, 12, 14, 16,

17, 18, 20, 21, 31, 34a, 37, 38, 50a, 52, 52a, 59a, 61, 65, 65a, 67,

67a, 69, 70a, 74, 77, 77a, 79a, 83a, 86a, 89, 89a, 90b, 91, 91a, 93,

93a, 94, 94a, 95, 97, 97a, 100, 101, 101a, 102, 103, 104, 104a, 105,

106, 109a, 112, 112a, 115, 116a, 116b, 120a, 122b, 123a, 124a, 125,

127, 130a, 134a, 135, 136, 136a, 141, 141a, 143a, 144a, 147a, 151,

155, 156a, 159, 159a, 160a, 161, 161a, 168a, 172a, 176a, 176b,

179b, 180, 180a, 181a, 186, 188, 188a,

Keely Dunham, www.inaturalist.org: 129

Kelly Fuerstenberg, www.inaturalist.org: 57a

Leanne Wallis, www.inaturalist.org: 181b

Libby_orcutt, www.inaturalist.org: 117

Lindsey Smith, www.inaturalist.org: 122

Luma, www.inaturalist.org: 114

MacConnell Wilson (POC): 22a, 29, 82a, 109

Mallory Rasky (POC): 24, 47a, 138, 171, 171a, 184, 184a

Mattblamac, www.inaturlist.org: 44

Mark Kluge, www.inaturalist.org: 59, 88a, 92, 92a, 98, 133, 166a,

169a, 173a

Marsh Maiden, www.inaturalist.org: 116

Meghan Cassidy, www.inaturalist.org: 21a,

Mike B, www.inaturalist.org: 140

Minnesota Wildflowers: 19, 174a, 174b

Minnette Marr, www.inaturalist.org: 75

Molanic, www.inaturalist.org: 120

Morgan Stickrod, www.inaturalist.org: 39a

Patrick Alexander, www.iNaturalist.org: 35a

Pat Deacon, www.inaturalist.org, 162a

Paul Tavares, www.inaturalist.org: 153

Pauline Singleton, www.inaturlist.org: 31a, 90a

Peter Dziuk, Minnesota Wildflowers: 2, 6, 7a, 8, 10a, 11, 12, 13a,

14a, 16a, 17a, 18a, 20a, 21b, 22, 24a, 25, 28, 28a, 30, 30a, 31b, 32,

32a, 34, 37b, 38a, 41a, 41b, 42, 43, 45, 53, 63, 68, 68a, 70, 72, 72a,

74a, 75a, 75b, 78a, 79, 80, 80a, 80b, 81a, 82, 83, 95a, 96, 96a, 96b,

98a, 99a, 102a, 106a, 107a, 113a, 115a, 118a, 121, 123, 125a, 127a,

132, 135a, 135b, 136a, 138a, 139a, 143, 146, 146a, 148a, 154, 155a,

156, 158, 158a, 163, 167, 168, 172, 173, 174, 174a, 179, 183a, 184a

Plantcollector, www.inaturalist.org: 87

Rachel Goad (POC): 47, 47a, 55, 56, 69a, 90, 109, 123a, 186

Reuven Martin, www.inaturalist.org: 43a

Robby Deans, www.inaturalist.org: 73

Rob Curtis, www.inaturalist.org: 30a, 48a, 71, 71a, 131a, 150, 182a

Rob Hannawacker, www.inaturalist.org: 15a, 162

R.W. Smith, www.wildflower.org: 131, 144, 145a, 177

Sally and Andy Wasowski, www.wildflowers.org: 46, 183

Sarah Rall, www.inaturalist.org: 62a

Sedge, www.inaturalist.org: 29a

Shannon McLaughlin, www.inaturlist.org: 55a

Sheri, www.inaturalist.org: 36a

Tara Bauman, www.inaturalist.org: 151b

Thesnaguy, www.inaturalist.org: 148

Tom Preney, www.inaturalist.org: 111

Vannesa Voelker, www.inaturalist.org: 87a

Wendy Cass, www.inaturlist.org: 39

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chicago park district rapid assessment species · newcomb’s wildflower guide; kurz (2004)...

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