Chief Caretaker - Mr. E. Heinrichs

To successfully visit the Virtual Zoo just click on the location you wish to explore.

Learn all you can then visit the quiz house to test your knowledge.

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Coelenterates

Aviary

Commissary

Amphibians

Reptiles

Fish

Sponge

Echinoderm

Flatworms

Annelids

Arthropods

Round Worms

Mammals

Quiz House

Included: Hydra, Jellyfish, Coral, Sea Anemones

Check this out !

Coelenterates have a simple digestive system called the gastrovascular cavity.

They are made up of three main body layers

1. epidermis: outer body

2. gastroderm: inner surface of the gastrovascular cavity

3. mesoglea: jelly-like material found between layers

Coelenterates feed on small animals captured with their nemotocysts, (Stinging Cells) which are located on the tentacle.

Coelenterates lack muscles to help them move about.

Most Coelenterates expand and contract the epidermis cells in the tentacles in order to help them move about.

Coelenterates can reproduce both sexually and asexually. .

Coelenterates have radial symmetry.

Coelenterates - EatingNematocysts are poison filled sacs on a spring. When

they are touched, it darts off, explodes and buries itself into the skin of the animal. The dart paralyzes the prey

so the cnidarian can attack. It uses it's tentacles to shove the prey into it's mouth. Most of the food is digested, but some waste is released back out the mouth. Coelenterates contain a very simple nervous system called a nerve net

that is concentrated around the mouth.

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General Characteristics:•Feathers - Modified Scales?

•Spindle shaped body

•Two pair of limbs (Wings & Legs)

•Strong and lightweight bone structure

•Four chambered Heart

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•Horn covered bill or beak•Excretory system does not contain a urinary bladder•Internal fertilization / external development•Warm blooded

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to the

LHS Virtual Zoo

Commissary

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Tension Breaker

Had to be done!

AmphibiansInclude: Frogs, Toads, Salamanders and Newts.

General Characteristics:• Ectothermic – Cold-Blooded• Reproduction and development must take place in water• Thin skin that contains mucus-secreting glands• Two pair of limbs for walking, jumping and swimming• One pair nostrils connected to the Oral cavity• Three chambered heart (Two Atria – One Ventricle)• Metamorphosis during development from juvenile to adult form

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Map

Salamanders and Newts• Have Tails even as adults• Long bodies and tails with four short limbs• Feed on fish, snails, insects, worms and

other salamanders• Some are entirely aquatic which never lose

their juvenile gills• Others live on land in moist regions breathing

with lungs

Salamanders and Newts• Have Tails even as adults• Long bodies and tails with four short limbs• Feed on fish, snails, insects, worms and

other salamanders• Some are entirely aquatic which never lose

their juvenile gills• Others live on land in moist regions breathing

with lungs

We are really the same thing

as a salamander!

• No tails• Adults have short squat bodies• Strong hind legs well suited for jumping• Dry, rough, warty skin• Can survive away from water• Burrow in daytime to avoid sun• Hibernate during the winter underground• Feed on insects and worms

Toads

Frogs• No tails• Adults have short squat bodies• Strong hind legs well suited for jumping• Thin, moist skin that is loosely attached to their body• Live near water• Hibernate during the winter in mud at the bottom of water body• Feed on insects and worms• Larval form called a tadpole

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about FrogsSounds

Frogs and toads protect themselves by;1. Camouflage2. Jumping ability3. Diving underwater or out onto land4. Unpleasant taste or poison

produced by glands in the skin

What about Reproduction!

Click m

e!

Reproduction of the frogFrogs mate externally releasing millions of eggs and

sperm into the water. The male will grasp the female with its front legs helping her squeeze her eggs out and ensuring his sperm have a better chance of fertilization. After 6 – 9 days eggs hatch into tadpoles. Tadpoles have no legs or lungs. They breathe with gills and swim with tails. Tadpoles have a two-chambered heart. Metamorphosis ranges between three months to several years. During this time the tadpole reabsorbs the tail, grows legs and develops lungs.

ReptilesInclude:

Lizards

Snakes

Turtles

Alligators Crocodiles

General Characteristics:Ectothermic – Cold-BloodedLive on land (some aquatic)Internal Fertilization & external development - Lay

eggsThick leathery eggshell protects eggNo metamorphosis during lifecycleDry scaly skin – protects against desiccationTwo pair of legs (*except snakes)Five clawed toes per foot*

Circulation – three chambered heart (two Atria – one partially separated Ventricle)

Partial separation restricts mixing of oxygenated & deoxygenated blood to body cells. Crocodiles and alligators have four chambered hearts.

Excretion – Nitrogenous waste is excreted as Uric Acid making the urine a semisolid paste. This adaptation helps conserve water.

Snakes

• No legs, or ear openings• Immovable eyelids• Different size scales• Found in all biomes• Feed on many small animals• Forked tongue contains odor-sensing organs that pick up scents and deliver them to the Jacobson’s organs in the roof of the mouth• Deaf to airborne sounds but feel ground vibrations• Pit Vipers have heat-detecting organs between nostrils and eyes

Eating – Some snakes swallow their prey alive while others kill it before swallowing. Large snakes such as pythons and Boas crush their prey or suffocate it using their body coils before swallowing. Poisonous snakes have specialized teeth called fangs that are connected to their salivary glands where poison or venom is made. Venom is pumped into bite through hollow or grooved fang.

Neurotoxin – attacks nervous system, paralyzing victimHemotoxin – attack RBC and other blood vessels

Snakes can swallow prey many times larger than their mouth by dislocating their jaw. Teeth are angled backwards to prevent food from escaping. Ribs expand because they are only attached on one side. Windpipe is projected forward so the snake can breathe throughout the long swallowing process. After a large meal a snake can go weeks or even

months without feeding.

Click on photo for fullscreen

Always during

Dinner!

That’s a Gazelle this African Rock Python is eating!

Crocodiles & AlligatorsLargest living reptilesLocated in Tropical wetlands

Alligator – Fresh Water only Crocodile – Both Salt & Fresh

Strong muscular tails used for swimmingLong snout with powerful jawsTeeth are arranged differently

Alligator – Teeth enclosed Broad snout Less aggressive

Crocodile –Teeth exposed Pointed snout

More aggressiveFeed on animals captured by ambushWebsite may

take time to load.

Turtles• Found on land, marine and fresh water• Body enclosed in protective shell

Carapace (top)

Plastron (bottom)

• Feed on plants and small animals• No teeth – tear food with a hard, sharp beak• Internal Fertilization & External Development

(Lay eggs on land)

Lizards

• Four legs with claws• Uniform Scales• Movable eyelids• External ear openings• Live in all biomes• Feed on varied food (Insects, small animals, eggs, plants, etc…)• Defenses vary but include;

removable tails, coloration, poison

Jawless Fish make up two individual classes that are the most primitive vertebrates.

Cartilage Fish - Sharks and Rays

Bony Fish - Bluefish, Flounder

Fish – There are Four Classes of fish

Lampreys

•No true jaw.•Long snake-like bodies with smooth scales on skin.•Two single dorsal fins and one tailfin.•Skeleton composed of cartilage.•External fertilization and development.•Found in fresh and salt water.•Most are parasites, attaching to the side of larger fish with suction cup mouth and gnawing a hole into the side to drink blood and body fluids.•Mate in fresh water streams where they remain for 3 to 7 years.•Adults only live one or two years. See Lamprey’s

feed

Lamprey

Hagfish•Long snake-like bodies with smooth scales on skin.•Two single dorsal fins and one tail fin.•No true jaw.•Skeleton composed of cartilage.•External fertilization and development.•Found only in salt water.•Feed on dead animals at the bottom of the ocean.• Skin gland produce large quantities of

slime when threatened.

Cartilaginous FishInclude: sharks, rays and skates

•Skeleton completely made of cartilage.•Movable upper and lower jaws with sharp teeth.•Two chambered hearts.•Feed on a variety of food.

Cartilaginous Fish - Skates and Rays

• Flattened wing like bodies with whip-like tails• Live on ocean floor• Feed on worms, mollusks and crustaceans• Defense includes; poison stingers,

electric charges

Sharks

•Streamlined fish that move with their tails•Swimming forces water over gills and out five or seven pairs of gill slits. If a shark

stops moving it will die due to lack of oxygen.•Internal Fertilization and both internal and

external development•Well-developed sense of smell and vibration•Most Feed on fish and some feed on Plankton•Skin covered with placoid scales (tough, tooth-

like scales)

Bony Fish

•Largest class of vertebrates.•Skeleton made of bone.•Paired fins.•Protective, overlapping scales.•Body form varies from the eel to the Seahorse with most following the streamlined body construction as in the Perch.•Fins made of bone and cartilage connected with skin webbing.•Fins aid maintaining balance and movement.

Bony Fish (Cont.)

Gills provide oxygen but unlike sharks fish can draw water over gills.

Two Chambered heart (One Atria & One Ventricle) Swim Bladder helps fish maintain buoyancy Fertilization and development are external

Defense includes; sharp spines, inflation, flying, strong electric charge, poison, etc

Sponge

•Simplest of all animals•Contain many pores through which water flows continuously•All sponges are aquatic•Adults are sessile (don’t move)•Larvae are free swimming•Size and shape vary widely•Many different colors

Click me

You’re a good Sport

and Hopefully

your learning a thing or

two!

•Three layer body compositionOuter layer composed of thin epidermal cellsMiddle layer filled with gel and amebocytes

(Wandering cells)Amebocytes secrete spicules which

provide supportInner layer contains collar cells and have a

flagellum for food gathering•The beating of the collar cells and their flagellum create a current drawing water through sponge and out the Osculum (top)•Respiration is by diffusion•Reproduction either asexual (budding) or sexual (gametes)

Echinoderms (Spiny Skinned Animals)

Includes; Starfish, Sea Cucumbers and Sand Dollars

I am NOT a Fish!

More

•All Marine living on the ocean floor•Larva have Bilateral Symmetry•Adults have Radial Symmetry (demonstration)•Internal skeleton which provides support and protection•Skeleton composed of hard calcified plates embedded in the body wall•Spiny projections stick out the body wall Click

Sea Star

•Most have five arms radiating from a central disk (can have as many as 20)•Respiration is conducted by diffusion across the skin gills•Fertilization and development are external•Sea Stars can regenerate lost body parts

OUCH !!That’s Better

RegenerationClick

Feed on clams and oysters, prying the prey open using its tube feet. It then inserts stomach through opening. Enzymes are secreted partially digesting the prey which is reabsorbed by the stomach and fully digested in the arms of the sea star.

Move utilizing a water-vascular systemDorsal surface has a Sieve plate into which sea water

enters traveling through a series of canals to the tube feet on each radial arm. If water is pumped out of the tube feet the sea star creates a suction within the cup and can grasp the object. If water is pumped into the tube feet the sea star releases its suction and therefore lets go.

Flat Worms

Include; Free living flatworms (planarian),

Parasitic flukes, Parasitic tapeworms

General CharacteristicsBilateral symmetryFlattened bodiesThree body layers

Ectoderm – outsideMesoderm – middleEndoderm – inside

Planarian

Flukes

Tapeworm

Planarian•Live in fresh water•Gray, brown or black in color•Triangular head with eyespots (detect light intensity)•When eating pharynx is projected out the mouth and sucks small bits of food in•Excretion occurs through the oral cavity•No skeletal, respiratory or circulatory systems (Diffusion)•Hermaphroditic with no self-fertilization•Internal fertilization and external development

Flukes

•Parasitic•Body covered with thick cuticle, which protects it from host’s Immune System.•Suckers help it attach to host intestinal blood vessels•Eat pre-digested food•Reproduction1. Eggs laid in and removed by host excretory system2. Eggs hatch into free swimming larvae in water3. Larvae enter snails and reproduce asexually4. New organisms leave snail and infect water sources5. Flukes bore into host through skin

Cause; loss of blood, diarrhea, severe pain

Tapeworm

•Parasitic•Long ribbon-like body form•Four to nine meters in length•Contain excretory, nervous and highly developed reproductive

systems•Lack mouths and digestive systems•Scolex (head) contain hooks and/or suckers to hold themselves in the intestinal tract of host•Digested food diffuse into tapeworm’s body

Reproduction

•Reproduction

1. Beneath head is a region of reproduction which makes more segments2. Hermaphroditic and can self fertilize3. End sections filled with 100,000 fertilized eggs break off and are removed through host excretory system4. If contaminated food is eaten by cattle or pigs, larvae embed themselves in the muscle fibers forming a dormant capsule5. Humans eat undercooked, contaminated meat releasing the tapeworm

Causes; nutrient deprivation, blockage of intestinal tract

Annelida – Segmented Worms

Include;

Clam Worm Leech Earthworm

Segmented Worms

Body composed of a series of segments•Found in marine, fresh water or land•Nervous system – concentrated at anterior end

Cerebral ganglia (primitive brain)Turns into ventral nerve cord passing

posteriorly•Digestive system – straight, tubular, muscular canal which can function independently from body wall. Coelom (Fluid filled cavity) separate alimentary canal from body wall.

Think you remember the internal structures?

Try Me

Clam Worm (Sand Worm)–

Live in intertidal zoneFeeds at night - burrows during the dayEats by extending pharynx out mouth exposing jaws that grasp foodFertilization and development external

LeechFreshwater parasiteSegmentation difficult to seeAttach to host using anterior and posterior suckers Anterior sucker contains mouth and jaws which cut host skinEnzymes prevent blood clotting as leech sucks up bloodFertilization is internal in hermaphroditic leechesDevelopment is external

Earthworm Quiz

Word BankCrop

GizzardPharynx

EsophagusSeminal Vesicles

Seminal ReceptaclesIntestine

Dorsal Blood vesselAortic ArchNephridia

Nerve Cord

Answers

Earthworm Quiz

Word BankCrop………………... FGizzard……………...GPharynx……………..AEsophagus…………. BSeminal Vesicles….. CSeminal Receptacles..DIntestine…….……… HDorsal Blood vessel... IAortic Arch………….ENephridia…………...KNerve Cord………….J

Answers

* Click on class names *

Arthropods

•Most Biologically successful group of animals•There are more species of Arthropods than all other organisms put together!•All have bilateral symmetry•All have jointed legs•All have exoskeleton (made of protein and Chitin)

Must molt to grow •Segmented into Head, Thorax and Abdomen •Well-developed nervous system including; sense organs (eyes, antennae, hearing)•Open circulatory system

•Divided into Five Classes –•Crustaceans, Centipedes, Millipedes, Arachnids and Insects

Crustaceans

Include; Lobsters, Crabs, Crayfish, Shrimp, Barnacles, Water fleas and others

•Two pair antennae on their head•Exoskeleton – hardened with lime•Head and Thorax fused into a cephalothorax

(Carapace – upper portion)•Paired appendages have specific function

Antennae – taste, smell, touch, balanceMandibles – Crush, taste, handle foodChelipeds – grasping, catching food, defense Walking legs – four pairSwimmerets – Swimming, Carry eggs(female)Telson/Uropods – backwards movement

More

•Regeneration of lost or damaged parts•Open circulatory system•Gills provide oxygen to body cells•Complex nervous system

Brain connected to eyes, antennules and antennaeSensory organs include compound eyes on moveable

stalks

Sensory hair detect touch and chemicalsStatocysts – manage equilibrium utilizing sand grains

obtained during molt•Reproduction – Sperm transferred to female using swimmerets, where it remains until spring. Female lays hundreds of eggs which are held by her through several molts and released.

Centipedes

•Typically have 30 to 35 pair of legs•Segmented body•All segments have legs•Feed on insects caught with poison claws

Millipedes

•Typically more than 300 pair of legs•Segmented body•Two pair of legs per segment•No poison claws•Slower than centipedes•Feed on decaying plant material

Arachnids

Include; Spiders, Scorpions, Ticks, Mites

•Body composed of cephalothorax and abdomen•No antennae•Cheliceras – fangs deliver toxins which paralyze victim as “Sucking Stomach” ingests body fluids•Pedipalps – Sensitive to chemicals and touch and are used for holding food. Male delivers sperm to female with the palipalps.

More

•Six walking legs•Breathe with book lungs located on the lower abdomen (leaf-like plates) •Internal fertilization & external development•Female lays eggs and wraps them in a cocoon, which is carried, deposited in the ground or laid into other animals.•Spinnerets – spin silk (fluid protein) from silk glands in abdomen•Web used to; construct webs, line nests, make cocoons for eggs, elevating themselves, and escape danger

Insects

Include; More than 900,000 known species. WHY?

- Only invertebrate capable of flight ( food search, mating, predator escape)- Short life cycle & high reproductive rate ( increases adaptation)- Small size ( require small habitats)

MORE

General Characteristics

•Three body sections (Head, Thorax, Abdomen)•One pair antennae•Compound eyes•Three pair walking legs•Some have wings•Variation of mouthparts to their food source

Chewing – grasshopperSucking – BeeNeedle-like – MosquitoCoiled Siphon – ButterflySponging & Lapping – Fly

More

Reproduce sexually, most undergoing a metamorphosisIncomplete Metamorphosis – Egg, Nymph, Adult

ex. GrasshopperComplete Metamorphosis – Eggs, Larvae(caterpillar),

Pupa, Adult ex. Butterfly

Round Worms

Include; Trichina, Filaria, Pinworms, and hookworm

•Bilateral symmetry•Two opening digestive tract•Elongated, cylindrical bodies tapered at each end•Covered with a tough cuticle•Free-living or parasitic•Live in all regions (aquatic or terrestrial)•No circulatory or respiratory systems•Move in a whip-like fashion•Internal fertilization and external development

Click for

diseases

•Most are parasites causing diseases•Can be controlled with good hygiene, proper sanitation, proper cooking and drugs

Diseases;Trichina - Trichinosis

Filaria - ElephantiasisPinworms – itchingHookworm – suck blood from intestine after trip through lung

Elephantiasis

What is the LARGEST phylum

of animals?

a. Birds b. Arthropods c. Mammals

Try Again

Which of the following is NOT an Annelid?

A. Clamworm B. Earthworm

C. Ringworm D. Leech

Next Question

Try Again

Next

How many different types of Mammals are there?

A. 1 B. 3 C. 15 D. 26

Try Again

Next Question

What is an Echinoderm?

A. A spiny skinned animal.

B. A type of mammal.

C. A marine creature similar to an Octopus.

D. A Skin Disease.

Next Question

Try Again

Which of the following is not a Cartilage Fish?

Shark Ray Bluefish

Next Question

Try Again

Is this an Alligator or a Crocodile?

Alligator

Crocodile

Next Question

Try Again

Return

Which of the following is Ectothermic?

a. Amphibian

b. Bird

c. Mammal

d. All of the above

Go Back

Next Question

What is the difference between a spider and an insect?

A. Spiders have six legs. B. Spiders have eight legs.

C. Insects don’t have antennae. D. Spiders are Icky!

Next Question

Go Back

Go Back

What is the Simplest of all animals?

Human Jellyfish Sponge

Moving on…

Defrost

Which of the following is a true statement concerning Birds?

A. They don’t have a Urinary Bladder.

B. They have a 4 chambered heart.

C. They are spindle shaped.

D. All of the above.

Answer

Answer

Answer

Answer

Guess Away

Next Question

General Characteristics:

•Most are terrestrial

•All have Hair (Amount varies)

•Warm Blooded

•Four chambered heart

•Highly developed Cerebrum (part of the brain)

•Highly differentiated teeth

•Give birth to live young (except Monotremes)

•Nourish their young with milk produced in mammary glands

Onward !

Monotremes – “Egg laying mammals”

Platypus Spiny Anteater

•Only live in Australia.

•Most primitive of the mammals.

Marsupials – “Pouched Animals”

Give birth to very young, immature offspring which must climb into mothers pouch without assistance.

Kangaroo Koala Bear Opossum

Placental Mammals – Young remain in theuterus of the mother until development is complete. Types of…

•Even Number of toes

•Herbivores

•Feeds in herds

•Flat teeth for grinding plants

•Examples;

Pigs, Deer, Antelope,

Sheep, Cattle, Giraffe and Camels (pictured) Next >

Next

Enlarged claw that forms hoof.

Walk on their toes.

Most live in Grasslands or Savannahs.

Lg. grooved molars to grind grasses.

Examples;

Horse, Tapir,

Rhinoceros

Odd Odd Number Number of Toesof Toes

Next

Include: feline, canine, ursidae (bear)

Predatory

Flesh eating.

Dental arrangements determine

families.

Next Mammal

See an Elephant Skull

Only Two Species left alive!

African Elephant and Indian ElephantINFO

Thick Skin.

Matriarchal Social Structure.

Babies cared for several years.

Males live solitary lives.

Trunk extremely flexible, muscular organ.

Trunk Uses:

~ Exploration ~ Friendly wrestling matches

~ Feeding ~ Grab & throw objects

~ Drinking ~ Smell

Elephant Skull Elephant Foot

Order – Edentata“Mammals without teeth”

Include; Anteaters Armadillos (Pictured) Sloth (pictured below)

These mammals have either very small teeth or no teeth at all.

Next

Examples - Shrew, Hedgehog, Moles

There’s More?

•Eat insects

•Long Narrow snout

•Small eyes and external ear openings

•Hibernate during winter

•5 clawed digits

Next

Herbivore

Short Tails

Incisors (Front teeth) grow throughout life.

Want to see a

Rabbit skull?

Elongated ears and hind limbs

Back

- Highly Adaptable - Single pair of razor sharp incisors grow continuously.

- Opportunists - High reproductive rate Next

MORE? Closest biological relative.

Highly organized cerebral cortex

200 Known species

MORE?

Opposable Thumbs.

Fingernails not claws.

Sensitive pads on underside of fingers.

Teeth vary considerably.

Increased Brain size.

Upright posture.

Social grouping.

Stereoscopic vision (allows depth perception).

                                        

   

Pictures

What are you

Looking At?

More Still!

•Only Flying Mammal.

•Pollinate Plants

•Disperse Seed

•Feed on Insect pests (Up to 600per hour)

•Nocturnal – Roost in colonies

Vampires!!!

Vampire bats usually feed on livestock, although humans may occasionally be unwilling blood donors. They make a small, painless incision in the skin and lap up the blood with their tongues while anti-coagulant chemicals in their saliva ensure that the blood meal continues flowing.

Moving on…

Two types

Mysticeti(Baleen Whales)

Odontoceti(ToothedWhales)

oLargest Animals on Planet

oBaleen Plates instead of teeth

oBaleen made of Keratin (Same thing as fingernails and hair)

oEat Krill, Plankton & Sm. Fish

o2 Blowholes

oSymmetrical Skull

oNo Echolocation

Types: Blue, Gray, Humpback, Fin, Right, Minke, Bowhead

Photos of Narwhals

oTeeth (2- 250 depends on species)

oEat fish, squid, marine mammals

oSmaller than mysticeti

o1 Blowhole

oEcholocation

oAsymmetrical Skull

Types: Sperm, Killer, Beaked, Pilot, Beluga, Dolphins, Porpoise, Narwhal

That Horn is really a tooth!

Keep them coming

o Aquatic Carnivores

o Evolutionary split from Ursidae (Bears)

o Fore flippers and Tusks

o Skillful divers & Swimmers

o Eat Krill, crustaceans, mollusks and fish.

That’s a lot of Mammals!

Manatee Skull

•Slow, passive animals

•Tropical waters

•Herbivores

•Eat 30 Lbs. food daily

•Forelimbs modified into flippers

•Vestigial pelvis

•Flattened tail

•Mammary gland under front flipper

“TheMermaids”

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