Chief Executives and Chief Executives and BureaucraciesBureaucracies

NotesNotes

• (TCI ch13)(TCI ch13)

• Essential Question: What qualities do Essential Question: What qualities do modern presidents need to fulfill their modern presidents need to fulfill their many roles?many roles?

Chief ExecutivesChief Executives

• top elected top elected official official

• enforces lawsenforces laws

• carries out carries out govt policy - govt policy - president, president, governor, governor, mayormayor

Formal QualificationsFormal Qualifications

• native-born citizennative-born citizen

• 35 years old35 years old

• lived in US for 14 yearslived in US for 14 years

• states have other rules: younger, states have other rules: younger, citizenship rules (ahnuld), shorter citizenship rules (ahnuld), shorter residencyresidency

Informal QualificationsInformal Qualifications

• educated: law, business, public educated: law, business, public serviceservice

• held other political officeheld other political office

• white, male, upper-middle classwhite, male, upper-middle class

• Christian (especially Protestant)Christian (especially Protestant)

• governors and mayors more likely governors and mayors more likely to be women or minoritiesto be women or minorities

Term and SalaryTerm and Salary

• 2222ndnd Amendment Amendment• 2 terms or ?2 terms or ?

• CompensationCompensation• $400,000 salary$400,000 salary

• BenefitsBenefits• Free health careFree health care• Air Force OneAir Force One

White HouseWhite House• Lifetime pensionLifetime pension

Presidential SuccessionPresidential Succession

•2525thth Amendment Amendment•Established order of Established order of

presidential successionpresidential succession•presidential succession

Staying in OfficeStaying in Office

• impeachment - begins in House - impeachment - begins in House - majority vote to have trial in majority vote to have trial in Senate - 2/3 vote to remove from Senate - 2/3 vote to remove from officeoffice

• recall election - option for many recall election - option for many governors and mayorsgovernors and mayors

• Gray Davis- CAGray Davis- CA

Constitutional PowersConstitutional Powers

• commander in chiefcommander in chief

• call Congress into special sessioncall Congress into special session

• ensure laws of Congress are ensure laws of Congress are executedexecuted

• appoint officialsappoint officials

• approves legislationapproves legislation

WashingtonWashington

• established established precedents - precedents - everything he did everything he did shaped the office shaped the office of the presidencyof the presidency

• created first created first cabinet - cabinet - appointed heads appointed heads of executive of executive departmentsdepartments

• served two termsserved two terms

Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

• champion of champion of common peoplecommon people

• used veto more used veto more than other than other presidentspresidents

• increased power increased power of the office of of the office of the presidentthe president

LincolnLincoln

used powers of the used powers of the presidencypresidency

imposed martial law in imposed martial law in Maryland - people under Maryland - people under

strict military rulestrict military rule

shut down newspapers, shut down newspapers, suspended habeas suspended habeas corpus, ignored court corpus, ignored court rulingsrulings

issued Emancipation issued Emancipation Proclamation without Proclamation without

approval of Congress - approval of Congress - executive order - rule of executive order - rule of

president with force of lawpresident with force of law

used powers of the used powers of the presidencypresidency

imposed martial law in imposed martial law in Maryland - people under Maryland - people under

strict military rulestrict military rule

shut down newspapers, shut down newspapers, suspended habeas suspended habeas corpus, ignored court corpus, ignored court rulingsrulings

issued Emancipation issued Emancipation Proclamation without Proclamation without

approval of Congress - approval of Congress - executive order - rule of executive order - rule of

president with force of lawpresident with force of law

Theodore RooseveltTheodore Roosevelt

• spoke out on many spoke out on many issues, lots of media issues, lots of media attentionattention

• created govt created govt agencies to protect agencies to protect safer food and drugssafer food and drugs

• conservation of conservation of natural resourcesnatural resources

• active foreign policy active foreign policy - US to be great - US to be great powerpower

Franklin D. RooseveltFranklin D. Roosevelt• most like modern most like modern

presidency - most powerpresidency - most power

• had Congress pass bills had Congress pass bills to combat Great to combat Great Depression (social Depression (social security, New Deal)security, New Deal)

• addressed people addressed people directly, through radio - directly, through radio - “fireside chats”“fireside chats”

• made presidency more made presidency more powerful during WWIIpowerful during WWII

Roles of the PresidentRoles of the President

• chief executive - leader of gov’t chief executive - leader of gov’t bureaucracy (2 million jobs)bureaucracy (2 million jobs)

• chief of state - ceremonial leader of chief of state - ceremonial leader of gov’tgov’t

• commander in chief - lead militarycommander in chief - lead military

• chief diplomat - oversee foreign chief diplomat - oversee foreign policy, meet with foreign leaders, policy, meet with foreign leaders, treatiestreaties

Roles of the PresidentRoles of the President

• chief policymaker (chief legislator) chief policymaker (chief legislator) - influence of legislative process- influence of legislative process

• chief manager of economy (CFO ) chief manager of economy (CFO ) - works with Congress on - works with Congress on budget/taxes, appoints Federal budget/taxes, appoints Federal Reserve BoardReserve Board

• chief of party - leader of political chief of party - leader of political partyparty

Presidential ChecksPresidential Checks

• veto legislationveto legislation

• pocket veto - no sign bill and less pocket veto - no sign bill and less than 10 days of Congressional than 10 days of Congressional sessionsession

• nominates federal judgesnominates federal judges

The Electoral CollegeThe Electoral College

•How the electoral college works

The Electoral CollegeThe Electoral College

• electors= same # of representatives in the electors= same # of representatives in the House + SenateHouse + Senate

• Blue states= CA, NY, IL, NJ, MABlue states= CA, NY, IL, NJ, MA

• Red states= TX, AK, Plains states, SouthRed states= TX, AK, Plains states, South

• Battleground states= FL, OH, CO, NM, NH, IA, Battleground states= FL, OH, CO, NM, NH, IA, PA, MOPA, MO

• electors vote for Pres.- usually the popular electors vote for Pres.- usually the popular vote winner of statevote winner of state• faithful & faithless electors faithful & faithless electors

2000 census

TroubleTrouble

•The trouble with the electoral college

3 Problems3 Problems

• popular vote winner may lose election popular vote winner may lose election (2000)(2000)• SMALLER STATES ARE OVERREPRESENTEDSMALLER STATES ARE OVERREPRESENTED

• 2 VOTES BASED ON SENATORS2 VOTES BASED ON SENATORS• WY=181,423/1 CA= 672,030/1WY=181,423/1 CA= 672,030/1

• WINNER TAKE ALL: 48 STATES HAVE WINNER WINNER TAKE ALL: 48 STATES HAVE WINNER TAKE ALLTAKE ALL• PLURALITYPLURALITY

• House of Reps might have to decide if House of Reps might have to decide if tiedtied

• electors might be faithlesselectors might be faithless

THE ELECTORAL THE ELECTORAL COLLEGECOLLEGE

•CANDIDATES SPEND MOST TIME IN CANDIDATES SPEND MOST TIME IN SWING STATESSWING STATES•FL, OH, CO, NM, NH, IA, MO, PA, FL, OH, CO, NM, NH, IA, MO, PA,

(NV, VA, NC)(NV, VA, NC)

•What if the electoral college is tied?

THE ELECTORAL THE ELECTORAL COLLEGE 4 REFORMSCOLLEGE 4 REFORMS

• DISTRICT PLAN: 1 ELECTOR FOR EACH DISTRICT PLAN: 1 ELECTOR FOR EACH CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT & 2 FOR CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT & 2 FOR STATEWIDE VOTE (NE & ME) Bush 55% in 2000STATEWIDE VOTE (NE & ME) Bush 55% in 2000

• PROPORTIONAL PLAN: % OF POPULAR VOTE PROPORTIONAL PLAN: % OF POPULAR VOTE GETS SAME % OF ELECTORSGETS SAME % OF ELECTORS

• NATIONAL BONUS PLAN: 102 BONUS NATIONAL BONUS PLAN: 102 BONUS ELECTORS--DUMBELECTORS--DUMB

• DIRECT ELECTION: ENCOURAGES 3DIRECT ELECTION: ENCOURAGES 3RDRD PARTY; NO PARTY; NO MAJORITY WINNERMAJORITY WINNER