Chief Harlin R. McEwenChief Harlin R. McEwenChairman, Communications & Technology CommitteeChairman, Communications & Technology Committee

International Association of Chiefs of PoliceInternational Association of Chiefs of Police

Chief of Police (Ret) City of Ithaca, NYChief of Police (Ret) City of Ithaca, NYFBI Deputy Assistant Director (Ret)FBI Deputy Assistant Director (Ret)

Public SafetyPublic SafetyCommunicationsCommunications

Issues Issues

Public SafetyPublic SafetyCommunicationsCommunications

Issues Issues

First Responder CommunityFirst Responder CommunityFirst Responder CommunityFirst Responder Community

1 National Directory of Fire Chiefs and EMS Administrators2 National Directory of Law Enforcement Administrators

2,500,000 Public Safety First 2,500,000 Public Safety First RespondersResponders 28,713 Fire and 6,034 EMS Departments28,713 Fire and 6,034 EMS Departments (1)(1)

960,000 Firefighters & 830,000 EMS Personnel960,000 Firefighters & 830,000 EMS Personnel

15,221 Law Enforcement Agencies15,221 Law Enforcement Agencies (2)(2)

710,000 Law Enforcement Officers710,000 Law Enforcement Officers

Public Safety Public Safety CommunicationsCommunications

Public Safety Public Safety CommunicationsCommunications

Basically A State & Local Issue First Responders Are State & Local Federal Agencies Have A Different Mission

Radio Spectrum Assigned Differently State & Local Agencies Federal Communications Commission (FCC) Federal Agencies National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA)

Public Safety Public Safety CommunicationsCommunications

Voice - Wireless/Radio

Data - Wireless/Radio (Land Mobile/Satellite)

Data - Wired Networks (Internet)

Public Safety Radio Public Safety Radio SystemsSystems

vs.vs.CommercialCommercial

Cellular-Type ServicesCellular-Type Services

Public Safety Radio Public Safety Radio SystemsSystems

vs.vs.CommercialCommercial

Cellular-Type ServicesCellular-Type Services

CommercialCommercialCellular-Type ServicesCellular-Type Services

CommercialCommercialCellular-Type ServicesCellular-Type Services

Are used by virtually every public safety Are used by virtually every public safety agency for NON MISSION CRITICAL agency for NON MISSION CRITICAL communicationscommunications

Are a useful toolAre a useful tool Augment communications capabilityAugment communications capability Provide some overflowProvide some overflow Provide means to “quickly” add serviceProvide means to “quickly” add service

48+ hour response48+ hour response Limitations on type of serviceLimitations on type of service

ComparisonComparisonComparisonComparisonPublic Safety Public Safety

SystemsSystems

One-to-manyOne-to-many

Wide area coverageWide area coverage

Infra-structure Infra-structure independentindependent

Instant accessInstant access

Decisions--MissionDecisions--Mission

Commercial Cellular-Commercial Cellular-Type SystemsType Systems

One-to-oneOne-to-one

Cellular coverageCellular coverage

Infra-structure Infra-structure dependentdependent

Access delayedAccess delayed

Decisions--BusinessDecisions--Business

ComparisonComparisonComparisonComparison

Public Safety Public Safety SystemsSystems

One-time costOne-time cost

Control of systemControl of system

Commercial Commercial Cellular-Type Cellular-Type SystemsSystems

Cost based on useCost based on use

No control of systemNo control of system

Often overloaded, Often overloaded, particularly in times of particularly in times of major emergenciesmajor emergencies

No redundancyNo redundancy

Public Safety Must Have Public Safety Must Have Mission Critical SystemsMission Critical SystemsPublic Safety Must Have Public Safety Must Have Mission Critical SystemsMission Critical Systems

In law enforcement, it is imperative for one unit to hear what is going on around it, for the dispatcher to be able to send multiple units to a scene quickly and for all those in an area to be able to hear the report from the first officer on the scene

Likewise, fire personnel need to be directed into a fire scene. Consider five engines responding to a fire. The officer in charge must be able to direct each engine into the response---some to hydrants, some to rescue activities and some to attack the fire. It is also important that all of those responding to the fire know what the others are doing and where they are

What Is What Is Interoperability?Interoperability?

It is the ability to communicate with whom we need to when we need to

It is not a need to communicate with everyone all of the time

Priority #1 Provide Public Safety Radio Communications Systems That Provide Reliable Agency Specific Communications

Priority #2 Provide Public Safety Radio Communications Systems That Provide Reliable Interagency Local Communications

Priority #3 Provide Public Safety Radio Communications Systems That Provide Reliable Interagency Local/State/Federal Communications

Public Safety Continues To Public Safety Continues To NeedNeed

""More Radio Spectrum"More Radio Spectrum"

Amount of spectrum currently Amount of spectrum currently availableavailable is insufficient to effectively carry outis insufficient to effectively carry out the public safety critical missionthe public safety critical mission

Spectrum is increasingly being usedSpectrum is increasingly being used to support more advanced technologiesto support more advanced technologies such as data, imagery, & videosuch as data, imagery, & video

Public Safety Continues To Public Safety Continues To NeedNeed

""More Radio Spectrum"More Radio Spectrum"

For over 20 years, Public Safety hasFor over 20 years, Public Safety has been actively working with the FCCbeen actively working with the FCC & Congress to obtain more& Congress to obtain more Public Safety radio spectrumPublic Safety radio spectrum

The 1996 Report of the Public SafetyThe 1996 Report of the Public Safety Wireless Advisory Committee (PSWAC)Wireless Advisory Committee (PSWAC) indicated Public Safety needs anindicated Public Safety needs an additional 97.5 MHz by 2010additional 97.5 MHz by 2010

Public Safety Continues To Public Safety Continues To NeedNeed

""More Radio Spectrum"More Radio Spectrum" Public Safety Wireless Advisory CommitteePublic Safety Wireless Advisory Committee

Final report published Final report published September 11, 1996September 11, 1996 Evaluated spectrum needs of public safety Evaluated spectrum needs of public safety

THROUGH the year 2010THROUGH the year 2010 Recommended 97.5 MHz of additional spectrumRecommended 97.5 MHz of additional spectrum

25 MHz needed within 5 years25 MHz needed within 5 years 2.5 MHz needed below 512 MHz for interoperability2.5 MHz needed below 512 MHz for interoperability

Public Safety Continues To Public Safety Continues To NeedNeed

""More Radio Spectrum"More Radio Spectrum"

In the Balanced Budget Act of 1997,In the Balanced Budget Act of 1997, the Congress directed the FCC tothe Congress directed the FCC to allocate additional public safetyallocate additional public safety spectrumspectrum

As a result the FCC allocated 24 MHzAs a result the FCC allocated 24 MHz of new Public Safety radio spectrum -of new Public Safety radio spectrum - TV Channels 63 & 64 (764-776 MHz)TV Channels 63 & 64 (764-776 MHz) TV Channels 68 & 69 (794-806 MHz) TV Channels 68 & 69 (794-806 MHz)

Public Safety Continues To Public Safety Continues To NeedNeed

""More Radio Spectrum"More Radio Spectrum"

The 24 MHz of Public Safety radio spectrum -The 24 MHz of Public Safety radio spectrum - TV Ch 63 & 64 (764-776 MHz) & TV Ch 68 & 69 (794-806 MHz)TV Ch 63 & 64 (764-776 MHz) & TV Ch 68 & 69 (794-806 MHz)

worthless to Public Safety in most worthless to Public Safety in most areas of the U.S. until TV areas of the U.S. until TV broadcasters vacate the spectrumbroadcasters vacate the spectrum

Public Safety and the "Big 7" have endorsedPublic Safety and the "Big 7" have endorsed the Harman/Weldon Bill HR3397 as athe Harman/Weldon Bill HR3397 as a way to solve the problemway to solve the problem

700 MHz Public Safety Spectrum Blockage

VLF LFLF MFMF HFHF VHF UHF SHF EHF

30 kHz 3 MHz 30 MHz 300 MHz 3 GHz 30 GHz

*Requires TV Clearing in most urban areas New PS Spectrum – 4.9 GHz

Public Safety Public Safety Radio Spectrum BandsRadio Spectrum Bands

450-470 764-776* 806-824 4940

25-50 150-174 220-222 470-512 794-806* 851-869 4990

Challenges to Public Safety Challenges to Public Safety Communications & InteroperabilityCommunications & Interoperability

Challenges to Public Safety Challenges to Public Safety Communications & InteroperabilityCommunications & Interoperability

Public Safety Radio Communications Today:

• $17.1B State and Local aging infrastructure needs replacing

• Distributed governance

• Incompatible Equipment

• Relatively small (compared to commercial market), fragmented niche market

• Limited vendors

There is No “Silver Bullet” SolutionThere is No “Silver Bullet” Solution

““State and Local Law Enforcement State and Local Law Enforcement Wireless Communications and InteroperabilityWireless Communications and Interoperability

A Quantitative Analysis”A Quantitative Analysis”Published - January 1998Published - January 1998

““State and Local Law Enforcement State and Local Law Enforcement Wireless Communications and InteroperabilityWireless Communications and Interoperability

A Quantitative Analysis”A Quantitative Analysis”Published - January 1998Published - January 1998

Report based upon 1997 Survey of Local and State law enforcement agencies

Funding and Different Radio Bands were top two obstacles cited with improving communications and interoperability

Institutional differences were also noted as a significant obstacle; the existence of fiefdoms

Survey respondents almost unanimously stated that any federal mandates on spectrum use must have funding for implementation

Key Findings:

Defining The Wireless/Radio Problem

Public Safety Radio InterferencePublic Safety Radio Interference

““Current 800 MHz Systems”Current 800 MHz Systems” Public Safety is experiencing seriousPublic Safety is experiencing serious radio interference throughout the radio interference throughout the U.S. in 800 MHz systemsU.S. in 800 MHz systems

““Future 700 MHz Systems”Future 700 MHz Systems” Public Safety is concerned that the FCCPublic Safety is concerned that the FCC has adopted tentative rules that willhas adopted tentative rules that will not prevent similar or worsenot prevent similar or worse interference in the new 700 MHz bandinterference in the new 700 MHz band

Public Safety Radio Public Safety Radio InterferenceInterference

““Current 800 MHz Systems”Current 800 MHz Systems”

Public Safety NationalPublic Safety NationalCoordinating CommitteeCoordinating Committee

N C CN C CFormed in 1997Formed in 1997

Official Federal Advisory Committee Official Federal Advisory Committee that is making recommendationsthat is making recommendations to the FCC for the use of the newto the FCC for the use of the new 700 MHz spectrum700 MHz spectrum

National Public SafetyNational Public Safety Telecommunications Telecommunications

CouncilCouncilN P S T CN P S T C

Formed in 1997Formed in 1997 NPSTC Member Organizations

American Assn of State Highway & Transportation Officials (AASHTO)Association of Public Safety Officials (APCO)Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)Federal Law Enforcement Wireless Users Group (FLEWUG)Forestry Conservation Communications Association (FCCA)International Association of Chiefs of Police (IACP)

NPSTC Member Organizations (Cont’d)

International Association of Emergency Managers (IAEM)International Association of Fire Chiefs (IAFC)International Association of Fish & Wildlife Agencies (IAFWA)International Municipal Signal Association (IMSA)National Assn of State Emergency Medical Service Directors (NASEMSD)National Association of State Foresters (NASF)National Assn of State Telecommunications Directors (NASTD)Public Safety Wireless Network (PSWN)

www.capwinproject.com

Public Safety Public Safety Wireless Network Wireless Network

ProgramProgram

PSWN ResourcesConduct SymposiumsPublish Reports & Resource ManualsProvided Financial Assistance to State & Local Assisted with Olympic System in Salt Lake City

A Federal Program Jointly Administered By The U.S. Treasury Department and the U.S. Department of Justice

Mission: To assist state and local public safety agencies Mission: To assist state and local public safety agencies to effectively and efficiently communicate with one to effectively and efficiently communicate with one another across agency and jurisdictional boundariesanother across agency and jurisdictional boundaries

The AGILE ProgramThe AGILE ProgramThe AGILE ProgramThe AGILE Program

Research, Research, Development, Development, Testing and Testing and

Evaluation (RDT&EEvaluation (RDT&E)

Standards Standards Identification, Identification,

Development and Development and Adoption Adoption

Outreach &Outreach & Technology AssistanceTechnology Assistance

National Institute of Justice - Office of Science & National Institute of Justice - Office of Science & TechnologyTechnology

AGILE ResourcesAGILE Resources

““Why Can’t We Talk” VideoWhy Can’t We Talk” Video

AGILE BrochureAGILE Brochure

AGILE Resource CD-ROMAGILE Resource CD-ROM

www.agileprogram.org

National Task National Task Force Force

On On InteroperabilityInteroperability

Supported BySupported ByThe National Institute of JusticeThe National Institute of Justice Office of Science & TechnologyOffice of Science & Technology

AGILE ProgramAGILE Program

ChairChairJudith WoodJudith WoodChief Information OfficerChief Information OfficerMaryland Department of Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Public Safety and Correctional ServicesServices

Vice ChairVice ChairVicki BarnettVicki BarnettCity CouncilmemberCity CouncilmemberCity of Farmington Hills City of Farmington Hills MichiganMichigan

State & Local Elected & Appointed State & Local Elected & Appointed OfficialsOfficialsBig Seven and Public Safety Big Seven and Public Safety Associations Associations

www.it.ojp.gov/global

Justice Standards Registry Justice Standards Registry

Infrastructure/StandardsWorking Group (ISWG)

The Justice Standards Registry will be a repository of information technology and communications standards that promote information exchange