child care in the 21 century - census.gov · child care in the 21st century c-span dec. 23, 2011 1....

Child Care in the 21st Century

C-SPANDec. 23, 2011

1

Child Care in the United States• In 2010, 12.2 million children under the age of 5

were in some type of child care arrangement.

• The demand for and supply of non-parental child care has grown over the last three decades.

• Grandparents and fathers continue to play an important role in the care of preschool-age children.

• Families in poverty spend a greater proportion of their monthly income on child care.

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The Child Care Decision Process

Cost

Access

Quality

Employment Characteristics

Household Demographics

Child Characteristics

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Percentage of Employed Women by Age of Children :1985 – 2010

70%

77%

54%

64%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

1985 1990 1994 1998 2002 2008 2010

Children ages 6 to 17

Children under age 6

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1985-2010

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Percentage of Children Ages 3 to 6 Enrolled in Nursery School by Labor Force Status of Mother: 1987-2009

36%

53%

28%

43%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

1987 1993 1997 2001 2005 2009

Mother employed

Mother not employed

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplements, 1987-2009

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Definitions• Relatives – mothers, fathers, siblings,

grandparents, aunts, uncles, etc.• Nonrelatives – in-home babysitters,

neighbors, friends• Family day care – providers who care for

two or more children outside of children’s home.

• Organized Care – day care or child care centers, nursery schools, preschools, and Head Start.

• Primary Child Care – the arrangement that is used for the most hours per week.

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Definitions

• Preschooler – a child between the ages of 0 and 4

• Grade-schooler – a child between the ages of 5 and 14

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Percentage of Preschoolers Cared for by Their Fathers:1985-2010(Primary Child Care Arrangement)

16%18%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

1985 1988 1990 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2002 2005 2010

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation 1985, 1991, 1993, 1996, 2001, 2004, & 2008 Panels.

24%

25%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

1985 1988 1990 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2002 2005 2010

Percentage of Preschoolers Cared for by Relatives:1985-2010(Primary Child Care Arrangement)

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23% 24%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

1985 1988 1990 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2002 2005 2010

Percentage of Preschoolers Cared for by Organized Care :1985-2010(Primary Child Care Arrangement)

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22%

10%

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

1985 1988 1990 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2002 2005 2010

Percentage of Preschoolers Cared for by Family Day Care:1985-2010(Primary Child Care Arrangement)

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Percentage of Preschoolers in Multiple Child Care Arrangements by Employment Status of Mother: 2010

44%

57%

34%

37%

42%

54%

35%

56%

Family day care

Nonrelative

Organized care

Grandparents

Mother employedMother not employed

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Source: U.S Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel

Percentage of Preschoolers with Employed Mothers in Multiple Child Care Arrangements: 2010

42%

54%

35%

57%

Family day care Nonrelative Organized care Grandparents

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Average Hours, Per Week, Preschoolers Spent in Child Care by Employment Status of Mother: 2010

12

16

25

15

20

24

24

33

23

36

Family day care

Nonrelative in child's home

Organized care

Grandparents

Any arrangement

Hours per week


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Average Hours, Per Week, Preschoolers with Employed Mothers Spent in Child Care: 2010

24

24

33

23

36

Family day care

Nonrelative in child's home

Organized care

Grandparents

Any arrangement

Hours per week

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Percentage of Preschoolers in Organized Care by Race/Hispanic Origin: 2010

34%36%

34%

27%

Organized Care

White Non-Hispanic Black Asian Hispanic

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Percentage of Preschoolers in Grandparent Careby Race/Hispanic Origin: 2010

29% 29%26%

35%

Grandparent


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Percentage Preschoolers in Father Care by Race/Hispanic Origin: 2010

30%

22%

31%29%

Father Care


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Percentage of Preschoolers in Child Careby Poverty Status: 2010

5%

25%

35%

26%

8%

35%

29%

29%

Family day care

Organized care

Grandparents

Fathers

Above PovertyBelow Poverty

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Percentage of Grade-schoolers in Child Care by Employment Status of Mothers: 2010

2%

9%

8%

8%

18%

17%

School care programs

Enrichment activities

Grandparents


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Percentage of Grade-schoolers in Enrichment Activities by Employment Status of Mother: 2010

3%

3%

4%

9%

4%

5%

7%

18%

Clubs

Lessons

Sports

Enrichment activities


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Definitions

• Self Care – includes only children who were identified as taking care of themselves, even for a small amount of time, in a typical week. Excludes any care provided by older siblings.

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Percentage of Grade-schoolers in Self-Care by Employment Status of Mother: 2010

2%

11%

36%

1%

5%

19%

5 to 8 years 9 to 11 years 12 to 14 years


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Average Hours, Per Week, in Self Care by Age: 2010

5

7

5 to 11 years 12 to 14 years

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Average Hours, Per Week, Grade-schoolers Spent in Child Care: Spring 2005 and Summer 2006

13

3

10

6

16

1314

9

Grandparent Organized Care Family DayCare

Self Care

Spring 2005

Summer2006

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Weekly Child Care Costs Paid by Families : 1985-2010(In constant 2010 dollars)

$81

$138

$0

$20

$40

$60

$80

$100

$120

$140

$160

1985 1986 1987 1988 1990 1991 1993 1997 1999 2002 2005 2010

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation 1985, 1990 – 1996, 2001, 2004, & 2008 Panels.

Average Weekly Child Care Costs by Age of Children: 2010

$171

$121

Families with children under 5 Families with children 5 to 14

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Percentage of Monthly Income Spent on Child Care by Poverty Status: 2010

40%

7%

Percentage of monthly income spent on child care

Below PovertyAbove Poverty

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Percentage of Fathers Who are the Primary Child Care Provider for Their Children, by Father’s Employment Status: 2010

17%

54%

6%

16%

Employed Not employed

Children Under 5 Children 5 to 14

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel

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Percentage of Fathers Who are the Primary Child Care Provider for Their Children, by Father’s Work Shift: 2010

14%

28%

5% 8%

Day shift employee Nonday shift employee



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Percentage of Fathers Who are the Primary Child Care Provider for Their Children, by Father’s Hours Worked: 2010

16%

34%

6% 5%

Full time Part time



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child care in the 21 century - census.gov · child care in the 21st century c-span dec. 23, 2011 1....

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