children’s rights and journalism practice - guide for teachers in georgian

bavSvis uflebebi da

Jurnalisturi praqtika -

uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma

saxelmZRvanelo pedagogebisaTvis

bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika -

uflebebze

dafuZnebuli midgoma

uflebebis

dacva

bavSvTa parlamentebi

presis Tavisufleba

ras unda moicavdes kodeqsi?

bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika –

uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma

saxelmZRvanelo pedagogebisaTvis

2011 weli

saswavlo kursi momzadda centraluri da aRmosavleT

evropisa da damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis

iunisefis regionuli ofisis dakveTiT

© gaeros bavSvTa fondi (iunisefi) - dublinis

teqnologiis instituti, 2007 w.

© qarTuli Targmani da gamocema, gaeros bavSvTa fondis

saqarTvelos warmomadgenloba, 2011 w.

saxelmZRvanelos qarTuli variantis SemuSavebasa da

adaptaciaSi monawileobdnen: daviT paiWaZe, ilias

saxelobis universiteti; marine vaSaymaZe, Tbilisis

saxelmwifo universiteti; maia miqaSaviZe, Jurnalistikisa

da media menejmentis kavkasiuri skola; naTia kalaZe,

saqarTvelos universiteti; maia qurcikiZe, gaeros

bavSvTa fondi.

sarCevi

modulis Sesavali ............................................................................................................................................5

swavlebis meTodebi ......................................................................................................................................6

pedagoguri principebi .............................................................................................................................6

Sedegebi da miznebi.......................................................................................12

meTodologiebi .............................................................................................14

swavlebis Sereuli meTodi .........................................................................20

Sefaseba ............................................................................................................23

modulis struqtura .....................................................................................31

calkeul TavTan dakavSirebuli

SeniSvnebi maswavleblebisaTvis ..............................................................33

bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika - uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma 5

modulis Sesavali

am saswavlo kursis Teoria da praqtika isea Serwymuli, rom kursis

dasrulebiT Jurnalistikis Semswavleli studentebi marto bavSvis

uflebaTa sferos mniSvnelovani aspeqtebis gaSuqebis unar-Cvevebs ki ar

ganiviTareben, aramed SeZleben gaiazron am sferos gaSuqebis praqtika

da kritikulad Seafason bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebiT arsebuli

situacia, rogorc sakuTar qveyanaSi, aseve mTel msoflioSi. avtorebi

aseve imedovneben, rom am moduliT miRebuli codna da unar-Cvevebi

sxvebzec gavrceldeba. studentebi, romlebic warmatebiT gaivlian am

kurss, miiReben srulyofil codnas uflebebisa da eTikis sferoebSi,

ecodinebaT, rogor moekidon wyaroebs, axal ambebs da rogor

moamzadon masala TanagrZnobiT, Tumca gaiTvaliswinon sazogadoebis

ufleba _ miiRos informacia, da gaiTviTcnobieron, sad gadis zRvari

informirebasa da TanagrZnobas Soris. studentebma unda ganixilon da

gaaanalizon, rodisa aqvs Jurnalists masalis gamoqveynebis ufleba,

magram, amave dros, pasuxismgeblobac, ar gamoaqveynos igi, anda rodis

gadadis delikaturoba TviTcenzuraSi.

saxelmZRvaneloSi mocemuli masalis gamoyeneba bevrnairad SeiZleba.

leqtorebma SeiZleba masala studentebs miscen mecadineobaze

wasakiTxad diskusiisa da debatebis xelSesawyobad, daurigon

redaqtirebuli varianti an gamoiyenon mecadineobaze Canawerebis saxiT.

saswavlo kursi sakmaod moqnilia da leqtorebi, romlebic am kurss

studentebTan gaivlian, advilad SeZleben mis morgebas swavlebis

SemuSavebul meTodebze. Tumca swavlis Sedegebisa da miznebis

warmatebiT miRweva damokidebulia im pedagogiur principebsa da

meTodologiebze, romlebic swavlebis nebismieri meTodis safuZvels

qmnis. momdevno Tavi, romelic swavlebis meTodebs exeba, dagexmarebaT

am modulis swavlebis formisa da midgomis SemuSavebaSi da kursis

warmarTvaSi.

6

swavlebis meTodebi

moduli `bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika – uflebebze

dafuZnebuli midgoma~ efuZneba or cnobil pedagogiur princips:

studentze orientirebul swavlebas da ganaTlebas adamianis uflebebis

sferoSi. orive es principi moicavs mkafio, Tumca damxmare Teoriebs,

miznebsa da pedagogiur meTodologiebs, romlebic momdevno TavebSia

aRwerili. masalis miwodebisas leqtorebs SeuZliaT am TavebiT

ixelmZRvanelon anda mocemuli magaliTebi garkveulwilad Secvalon

da sakuTar midgomas moargon.

maSin, rodesac studentze orientirebuli swavlebis principi

avtonomiisa da pasuxismgeblobis grZnobas uviTarebs swavlaSi

aqtiurad da Rrmad CarTul studentebs, adamianis uflebebis sferoSi

ganaTlebis principi studentze orientirebuli swavlebis princips

iyenebs missave meTodologiaSi, romelic Tanamonawileobas emyareba

da, aseve, xels uwyobs faseulobebis Camoyalibebas studentebSi da

studentebis aqtiurobas uflebebis dacvis saqmeSi. amrigad, swavlebis

meTodika JurnalistikaSi, bavSvis uflebaTa dacvis konteqstSi, iseTive

mniSvnelobas iZens, rogorc Tavad saswavlo masala.

pedagoguri principebi

studentze orientirebuli swavleba

maSin, rodesac maswavlebelze orientirebuli swavlebis strategia

fokusirebulia maswavlebelze, romelic eqspertis codnas axalbedas

gadascems, studentze orientirebuli swavleba fokusirebulia

studentze, romelmac Tavad unda imoqmedos ganaTlebis misaRebad.

studentze orientirebuli swavlebis SemTxvevaSi Tavad studentebi

arian codnis Semqmnelebi, xolo maswavlebeli an leqtori swavlis

procesis fasilitatoria da ara informaciis mimwodebeli. am rolSi

fasilitatori lideria, avtoritetuli figura, romelic Tavadac da

sxvebTan urTierTobidan gamomdinarec darwmunebulia, rom sxvebs aqvT

unari, iazrovnon da iswavlon.


studentze orientirebuli swavleba zrdis SemswavlelTa

pasuxismgeblobas sakuTari ganaTlebis mimarT. am strategiiT studenti

erTveba gadawyvetilebis miRebis procesebSi, swavlobs qmedebis

gziT da ara ubralod mosmenis da iseTi davalebebis Sesrulebisa,

romlebic xSirad konteqstidanaa amovardnili da amitom studentis

`realobisgan~ Sors dgas. radgan swavlis procesi ufro aqtiuria

(vidre maswavleblis pasiuri smena), masalis damaxsovreba ufro advili

xdeba; vinaidan swavlis procesi individualur midgomas gulisxmobs da

ukavSirdeba studentebis cxovrebasa da gamocdilebas, es strategia

`acocxlebs~ masalas da mas realur cxovrebasTan Sesabamiss xdis.

studentze orientirebuli swavlebis strategiis damaxasiaTebeli

Tvisebebia:

• damokidebuleba aqtiur swavlaze da ara pasiurze,

• fokusireba siRmiseul swavlasa da gaazrebaze,

• studentebis pasuxismgeblobisa da angariSvaldebulebis amaRleba,

• moswavleebSi avtonomiurobis gancdis gaZliereba,

• maswavleblisa da moswavlis urTierTdamokidebuleba,

• urTierTpativiscema maswavleblisa da moswavlis urTierTobaSi,

• da refleqsiuri midgoma swavlebis da swavlis procesebisadmi,

rogorc maswavleblis, aseve moswavlis mxridan.

studentze orinetirebuli swavlebis mTavari principebi mokled ase

SeiZleba Camoyalibdes:

• moswavle srulad aris pasuxismgebeli sakuTari ganaTlebis

miRebis procesze;

• ganaTlebis misaRebad aucilebelia procesSi CarTva da

monawileobis miReba;

• SemswavlelTa Soris urTierToba ufro Tanasworia, rac xels

uwyobs zrdasa da ganviTarebas;

• maswavlebeli xdeba fasilitatori da konsultanti;

• moswavlis ganaTlebaSi xdeba sxvadasxva elementis Serwyma

(emociuri da SemecnebiTi velebis erTianoba).

(O’Neill & McMahon, 2005)

8

ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi

ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi SeiZleba ganisazRvros,

rogorc ganaTleba, treningi da informacia, romlebic miznad isaxavs

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao kulturis Camoyalibebas codnis

gaziarebis, unar-Cvevebis gadacemis da midgomebis formirebis gziT da

igi mimarTulia:

• adamianis uflebebisa da ZiriTadi Tavisuflebebisadmi pativiscemis

gaZlierebisaken;

• pirovnebis srulyofili ganviTarebisa da Rirsebis gancdis

Camoyalibebisaken;

• urTierTgagebis, tolerantobis, sqesobrivi Tanasworobis

damkvidrebisa da erebs, mkvidr xalxebs, rasobriv, eTnikur,

religiur da enobriv jgufebs Soris megobrobis xelSewyobisaken;

• yvela adamianis uzrunvelyofisaken SesaZleblobiT, qmediTi

monawileoba miiRos Tavisufal da demokratiul sazogadoebaSi,

romelSic daculia kanonis uzenaesoba;

• mSvidobis mSeneblobisa da SenarCunebisaken;

• adamianze orientirebuli stabiluri ganviTarebisa da socialuri

samarTlianobis xelSewyobisaken.

ganaTleba adamianis uflebebis sferoSi moicavs:

• codnasa da unar-Cvevebs – adamianis uflebebis da maTi dacvis

meqanizmebis Sesaxeb codnis miRebas, aseve, yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi

maTi gamoyenebis unar-Cvevebis SeZenas;

• faseulobebs, damokidebulebasa da qcevas – iseTi faseulobebis,

damokidebulebebisa da qcevis ganviTarebas, romelic xels uwyobs

adamianis uflebebis dacvas;

• moqmedebas – moqmedebas adamianis uflebebis dacvisa da

popularizebisaTvis.

(`iunesko~, 2005)


ra kavSiria bavSvis uflebebsa da adamianis uflebebs Soris

is gansakuTrebuli mdgomareoba, romelsac bavSvobis asaki TiToeul

bavSvs aniWebs, aucilebels xdis bavSvebisadmi sagangebo yuradRebas,

mzrunvelobasa da daxmarebas. bavSvebTan mimarTebiT adamianis

uflebaTa ganmarteba da realizeba swored bavSvebis Taviseburebebisa

da saWiroebebidan gamomdinare unda moxdes. es niSnavs, rom,

faqtobrivad, bavSvTa uflebebi adamianis uflebebia, Tumca im realobis

gaTvaliswinebiT, romelSic bavSvebi imyofebian (Yeban, 1999).

uflebebze dafuZnebuli ganaTlebisTvis, iqneba es ganaTleba bavSvis

Tu adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb, iseTi Sesaferisi meTodologia

unda SemuSavdes, romliTac TavisTavad swavlis procesi gadaiqceva

gzavnilad. Zafi, romelic akavSirebs transformirebadi ganaTlebis am

or gansxvavebul formas, aris rwmena TiToeuli adamianis Rirsebasa

da keTildReobaSi. aqedan gamomdinare, individi, iqneba es bavSvi Tu

zrdasruli, swavlebis procesSi centralur adgils ikavebs (Yeban, 1999).

adamianis uflebebis, gansakuTrebiT ki bavSvis uflebebis sferoSi

ganaTlebisaTvis rekomendebuli meTodi TanamonawileobiTi

pedagogikaa, romelic qvemoT gansazRvrul principebs efuZneba da

romelsac adamianis uflebaTa umaRlesi komisris ofisi uWers mxars.

TanamonawileobiTi meTodologia moicavs moswavleze orientirebuli

swavlebis principebs da adamianis uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebis im

aspeqtebs, romlebic faseulobebis formirebasa da aqtiur moqmedebas

exeba:

1. gamocdilebasa da aqtivobaze orientirebuli principi: mkafiod unda

ganimartos, rom Seswavlis sagani moswavlis obieqturi pirobebis

da am pirobebSi adamianis uflebebis realizebis sworad gagebaa.

unda dadgindes codnis is done, romelic students ukve aqvs,

rogorc bazisi Semdgomi diskusiisTvis. studentze orientirebuli

aqtivobebi ise unda SemuSavdes, rom es codna gamovlindes. es niSnavs,

rom aqtivobebma studentebs sakuTari gamocdilebis gaziarebisa da

codnis gamoxatvis SesaZlebloba unda misces.

10

2. problemis gamovlena: fasilitatorma unda Seamowmos moswavlis

adrindeli codna iseTi kiTxvebis dasmiT, romlebic mimarTuli

iqneba studentis pasuxebSi Seusabamobebis an araTanmimdevrulobis

gamovlenisaken. aseTi procesi xels Seuwyobs students, gaiazros

sakuTari mosazrebebi da ubiZgebs mas, Seicvalos azrovnebis modeli

ise, rom logikurad ufro Sesabamisi da empiriulad Tanmimdevruli

gaxdes.

3. TanamonawileobiTi principi: am teqnikam xeli unda Seuwyos imas, rom

koleqtiurad moxdes koncefciebis ganmarteba, Temebis gaanalizeba

da aqtivobebis ganxorcieleba. sxvebis gamocdilebis gacnoba

studentebisaTvis erT-erTi gzaa, romliTac adamianis gamocdileba

da codna SeiZleba gafarTovdes, dadasturdes an uaryofil iqnes.

4. dialeqtikuri principi: moswavleTa arsebuli codnis mxolod

gamovlena ar aris sakmarisi (Tezisi). mniSvnelovania isic, rom

SeadarebinoT maT sakuTari codna sxva wyaroebidan miRebul iseT

codnas, rogoricaa faqtebi, monacemebi, statistika da sxv. (antiTeza)

da gaakeTebinoT Sedegad miRebuli ideis (ideebis) sinTezi. is, rom

aq monawileTa mier interpretirebuli sakuTari gamocdileba codnis

sando wyaroebad aris miCneuli, ar niSnavs imas, rom yvelaferi

subieqturad sworia. moswavleTa codna/gamocdileba, ucvleli

formiT, iseve SezRudulia, rogorc eruditis `gaqvavebuli~ codna.

unda moxdes am codnis/gamocdilebis Sedareba sxva adamianebis

msgavsi konteqstebis interpretaciasa da gagebasTan.

5. analitikuri principi: mniSvnelovania, fasilitatorma da Tavad

studentebma gansazRvron is Temebi, romlebic studentTa

pasuxebidan gamomdinare Cndeba, da is sabaziso principebi, romlebic

am Temebs aerTianebs. fasilitatorma unda dasvas kiTxvebi `ratom~

da `rogor~. aseTi kiTxvebi daafiqrebs studentebs, ratom aris

ase da rogor moxda es. studentebs aseve unda dausvaT kiTxvebi

movlenebs Soris urTierTkavSirisa da maTi urTierTzemoqmedebis

Sesaxeb. es is kiTxvebia, romlebic studentebs exmareba, dainaxon is,

rac xiluls miRmaa.


6. gamajansaRebeli principi: adamianis uflebebis damkvidrebas xels ver

SevuwyobT, Tu Cven TviTon ar vsargeblobT am uflebebiT, ar viyenebT

maT yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi. Tanmimdevrulobis dacva, rogorc pirad,

aseve sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi Znelia, magram ar aris SeuZlebeli.

Cveni gamocdilebis intrapersonaluri, interpersonaluri da

struqturuli sferoebi urTierTadakavSirebulia da erTmaneTze

zemoqmedebs. Cven es mxedvelobidan ar unda gamogvrCes. adamianis

uflebebis pedagogika gvaTavisuflebs, gvaZlevs saSualebas,

davinaxoT, SevigrZnoT, gaviazroT, vimoqmedoT da stimuli mivceT

sakuTar Tavsac da sxvebsac. Cven piradad varT angariSvaldebulni

sakuTari keTildReobis winaSe. pedagogika adamianis uflebebis

sferoSi saSualebas gvaZlevs, gaviumjobesoT keTildReoba.

7. strategiul azrovnebaze orientirebuli principi: kritikuloba

da analitikuroba ar aris sakmarisi piroba sazogadoebis

transformirebisaTvis. adamianis uflebebis pedagogikam adamianebs

unda ubiZgos, daisaxon sakuTari miznebi da mudmivad ifiqron

am miznebis misaRwev SemoqmedebiT da strategiul gzebze.

adamianis uflebebis realobad gadaqcevisaTvis axali meTodebiT

eqsperimentirebaa saWiro. miuxedavad mravali ukiduresad rTuli

situaciisa, romlebic Cven Soris saukeTesoebsac ki arTmevs Zalas,

adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebam unda daarwmunos xalxi,

rom uamravi SesaZlebloba arsebobs. xalxs axali tipis azrovneba

sWirdeba imisaTvis, rom es uflebebi gamoiyenos.

8. mizansa da qmedebaze orientirebuli principi: adamianis uflebebi

praqtikuli varjiSia. igi moiTxovs qmedebis, dafiqrebis, qmedebis,

dafiqrebis da a.S. cikls. adamianis uflebebi erT dReSi ki

ara, aramed droTa ganmavlobaSi miiRweva. adamianis uflebebis

pedagogika unda aswavlides adamianebs, rogor gaxadon sakuTari

miznebi ufro konkretuli da miRwevadi. igi aseve saSualebas unda

aZlevdes adamianebs, dagegmon da organizeba gauwion Tavis qmedebebs

im miznebze dayrdnobiT, romlebic daisaxes. moTmineba, pozitiuri

azrovneba da mizanmimarTuleba is faseulobebia, romlebic adamianis

uflebaTa pedagogikaSi Zevs.

12

Sedegebi da miznebi

am modulSi saswavlo programisadmi studentze orientirebuli

swavlebis midgomis gamoyeneba (es midgoma sul ufro xSirad gamoiyeneba

msoflioSi saswavlo kursebis SemuSavebisas) gulisxmobs swavlis iseTi

Sedegebis an miznebis gaweras, romlebic fokusirebuli iqneba ara imaze,

Tu ra masala unda miawodos maswavlebelma studentebs, aramed imaze,

Tu ris gakeTeba unda SeZlon studentebma. aseTi praqtikiT aqcenti

gadadis maswavleblis mier misawodebeli masalidan moswavleze. es

niSnavs processa da kompetenciaze koncentrirebas da ara masalaze.

studentze orientirebuli swavlebis Sedegebi: ramdenime

magaliTi

tradiciuli swavlebis Sedegebi/miznebi

am modulis dasrulebisas Tqven

(students) SegeZlebaT:

saswavlo kursi moicavs:

gansazRvroT bavSvTa uflebis

ZiriTadi maxasiaTeblebi gaeros

bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSi;

gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa

konvencias;

kritikulad SeafasoT qcevis

kodeqsebi da saredaqcio

saxelmZRvanelo principebi.

saredaqcio saxelmZRvanelo

principebs da qcevis kodeqsebs.

wyaro: adaptirebulia: o’nili da mak-mahoni, 2005 w. (O’Neill & McMahon, 2005)

swavlis Sedegebi

modulis `bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika – uflebebze

dafuZnebuli midgoma~ dasrulebis Semdeg moswavleebs SeeZlebaT:

• gaigon da mokled Camoayalibon bavSvTa uflebebis ZiriTadi

maxasiaTeblebi, rogorc es Camoyalibebulia gaeros bavSvis

uflebaTa konvenciaSi;


• uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT waikiTxon, gaaanalizon da kritikulad

Seafason, Tu rogor Suqdeba bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli sakiTxebi;

• kritikulad Seafason saredaqcio principebis da qcevis kodeqsebis

Sesabamisoba da mniSvneloba bavSvebis Sesaxeb axali ambebis

gadmocemasTan mimarTebiT;

• profesiulad Seafason Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvis uflebebis

dacvis TvalsazrisiT;

• gaaSuqon samarTlianad, zustad da bavSvis uflebaTa principebis

Sesabamisad.

ganaTlebis miznebi bavSvis uflebaTa sferoSi

bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb ganaTleba unda efuZnebodes swavlis sam

mizans:

• codna da unar-Cvevebi – bavSvis uflebebisa da humanuri

standartebis Sesaxeb informaciisa da codnis miReba da am codnis

gamoyenebisaTvis saWiro unar-Cvevebis SeZena;

• faseulobebi, damokidebuleba da qceva – meti TanagrZnobis

gamovlena da negatiuri midgomebis Secvla an pozitiuri

midgomebisa da qcevis gamyareba bavSvis uflebebTan mimarTebiT;

• qmedeba – moqmedeba bavSvTa uflebebis dacvisa da xelSewyobisaTvis

profesiuli saqmianobis Sesrulebisas.

(adaptirebulia: `iunesko~ 2005)

uflebebze dafuZnebuli am modulis fasilitacia da imis xelSewyoba,

rom studentebma miaRwion dasaxul miznebs gulisxmobs studentze

orientirebuli swavlis principis, TanamonawileobiTi meTodologiisa

da uflebebis sferoSi ganaTlebis transformirebadi komponentis

gamoyenebas. mosalodnelia Semdegi cvlilebebi:

14

• qcevis cvlileba bavSvebisa da bavSvobis Sesaxeb im mosazrebebis

gaTviTcnobierebis gziT, romlebic adre gauTviTcnobierebeli

iyo. cvlileba procesia, romelic iwyeba arsebul situaciasTan

konfliqtis aRiarebiT da ara `eqspertisgan~ axali ideis gagebiT.

es gulisxmobs imis gaTviTcnobierebas, rom arsebuli qceva ar

Seesabameba bavSvis uflebebis principebs.

• kulturuli cvlileba pirovnuli cvlilebis gziT. pirovnuli

cvlileba mxolod qcevaSi cvlilebas ar gulisxmobs, vinaidan igi

kulturis konteqstSi Cndeba. igi moiTxovs cvlilebas adamianis

urTierTobaSi swored kulturuli cvlilebebis konteqstSi.

amas SeiZleba Sedegad bavSvebis Sesaxeb sazogadoebis tradiciul

SexedulebebTan winaaRmdegobaSi mosvla mohyves. mniSvnelovania,

rom nebismier pirovnul cvlilebas, rogorc bavSvebSi, ise

zrdasrulebSi adgilobrivi kultura ganamtkicebdes.

• struqturuli cvlileba iseTi meqanizmebisa da saSualebebis

Seqmnis gziT, romlebic axdenen bavSvis uflebebis xelSemwyobi

personaluri da kulturuli cvlilebebis institucionalizebas.

(Yeban, 2002)

meTodologiebi

leqtorebma iseTi strategiebi unda gamoiyenon, romlebic ubiZgebs

studentebs, gaaqtiurdnen codnisa da unar-Cvevebis SeZenaSi. qvemoT

motanil cxrilSi mocemulia studentze orientirebuli swavlebis

meTodebis nimuSi da ramdenime idea leqtorebisaTvis, rogorc saleqcio

(ufro maswavlebelze orientirebuli), aseve arasaleqcio formatisTvis.

Tumca leqtorebma unda izrunon, sadac ki es SesaZlebelia, saleqcio

saaTebis Semcirebaze studentze orientirebuli formatebis

sasargeblod.


studentze orientirebuli swavlebis meTodebis magaliTebi

arasaleqcio formati leqcia

damoukidebeli proeqtebi sadiskusio jgufebi (mokle

diskusiebi orkacian jgufebSi)

jgufuri diskusia piramidis/Tovlis gundis efeqti

(jgufebad dayofa anbanis/

nomrebis mixedviT da diskusia)

Tanakurselebis mier sxva

studentebisTvis rCevebis micema

Sereuli jgufebi (studentebis

Sereva jgufebSi anbanis/nomrebis

mixedviT)

debatebi mrgvali magida (yvela studenti

rigrigobiT laparakobs)

savele vizitebi testebi

praqtikuli mecadineoba swavlis Sesaxeb mosazrebebis

dawera (3/4 wuTi)

refleqsiuri dRiurebi,

saswavlo Jurnalebi

studentebis prezentaciebi

klasSi

swavla kompiuteris daxmarebiT rolebis gaTamaSeba

saswavlo sagnebis/proeqtebis

arCeva

plakatebis prezentacia

sagazeTo statiis dawera studentebi klasSi amzadeben

dasaweri samuSaos gegmas

wyaro: adaptirebulia: o’nili da mak-mahoni, 2005 w.

studentebi unda monawileobdnen da sakuTari wvlili SehqondeT

saklaso muSaobaSi. saswavlo masala studentebs Soris diskusiebisa da

debatebis uzarmazar SesaZleblobas iZleva da mecadineoba seminarebs

emsgavseba. leqtorebma saswavlo masala unda gaamdidron magaliTebiT

da axali masaliT TavianTi qveynebidan ise, rom studentebma gamoiyenon

satelevizio da radios Jurnalisturi masala, aseve masala im

gazeTebidan da Jurnalebidan, romlebsac Tavad kiTxuloben. sasurvelia,

studentebma Tavad moiZion masala da moitanon mecadineobaze.

16

realur ambebze dayrdnobiT maswavleblebs SeuZliaT moamzadon

hipoTeturi istoriebis mokle monaxazi, romlebSic wamoWrilia

problemebi da mosTxovon studentebs, daweron maTze statia.

studentebma unda Seqmnan bavSvTa uflebebis wyaroebis monacemTa

bazac, romlebic klasificirebuli iqneba wyaros saxeebis mixedviT,

magaliTad, ̀ samTavrobo wyaroebi~, ̀ saerTaSoriso wyaroebi~, ̀ bavSvis

uflebaTa wyaroebi~, anu im CamonaTvalis msgavsad, romlebic

mocemulia saswavlo masalaSi. vebgverdebze arsebuli vrceli masala,

romelic xelmisawvdomia bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qselis (CRIN) da `iunisefis~ vebgverdebze, karg sawyis resursad gamodgeba.

bavSvis uflebaTa Sesaxeb swavlebis Sesaferisi meTodologia

leqtorebs, romlebic am saswavlo kurss atareben, SeuZliaT SeimuSaon

swavlebis iseTi meTodi, romelic aerTianebs studentze orientirebuli

swavlebisa da adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis principebsa da

miznebs da Seefereba studentebis instituciur viTarebasa da garemos.

qvemoT iseTi meTodis magaliTia moyvanili, romelSic gaZlierebulia

studentze orientirebuli swavlebis principebi da gamoyenebulia

Tanamonawileobis meTodi. es meTodi mTel msoflioSi warmatebiT

gamoiyeneba rogorc adamianis, aseve bavSvis uflebaTa swavlebaSi.

ADIDS meTodi

ADIDS-is meTods mxars uWers adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis

azia-wynari okeanis regionuli resurs-centri (ARRC HRE), romelic

`amnesti interneiSenalisa~ da aziis ganviTarebis kulturuli

forumis erToblivi proeqtia. es aris arakomerciuli, arasamTavrobo

regionuli organizacia, romelic 1922 wels dafuZnda, rogorc

adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi ganaTlebis instituti da qseli azia-

wynaris okeanis regionSi da atarebs seminarebs adamianis uflebebSi,

amzadebs da avrcelebs sainstruqcio da sxva Sesabamis masalebs,

atarebs kvlevebs da adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi saganmanaTleblo

kampaniebs. 1955 wels ARRC-m gamoaqveyna adamianis uflebaTa sferoSi


ganaTlebis paketi, anu adamianis uflebaTa Sesaxeb saganmanaTleblo

masalebis kompleqti, romelic moicavda ADIDS-is sabaziso dokuments

_ paolo freiris ganaTlebis koncefciis Targmans.

ADIDS

aqtivoba

TiToeuli mecadineoba iwyeba iseTi aqtivobiT, romelmac xeli unda

Seuwyos an monawilis im adreuli codnis Tu gamocdilebis gamovlenas,

romelic mecadineobis miznebs ukavSirdeba, an monawileTa mier

koncefciebis kargad gagebas. am etapze es aqtivoba saSualebas aZlevs

monawileebs, gakveTilis miznebis Sesabamis gamocdilebaze Seiqmnan

an Seicvalon warmodgenebi da gancdebi. es aqtivoba agrZnobinebs

monawileebs, rom isini diskusiis centrSi arian. amosavali wertili

adamianis uflebebis sferoSi maTi gamocdilebaa.

diskusia

diskusia mecadineobis saazrovno da dakvirvebis fazaa. kiTxvebma unda

ubiZgos monawileebs, gaiazron TavianTi is gamocdileba, romelic am

aqtivobaSi ganisazRvreba. monawileebi ifiqreben am gamocdilebaze

leqciis miznebTan dakavSirebis gziT. sakmaod xSirad sakuTar

gamocdilebas kritikis gareSe viRebT da mxolod maSin, rodesac mas

mizanmimarTulad vaanalizebT, vwvdebiT mis arss da gansxvavebuli

kuTxidan vuyurebT. monawileTa gamocdileba diskusiis obieqtad da

`Sinaarsad~ iqceva.

studentis samuSao/leqcia

samuSaos mizani monawileTa codnis gafarToebaa. fasilitatorma

an konsultantma SeiZleba iseTi mosazreba gamoTqvas, romelic

daadasturebs an eWvis qveS daayenebs imas, Tu rogor esmiT monawileebs

konkretuli gamocdileba. praqtikuli samuSaos mizania `uflebebis~

iseTi perspeqtivis Cveneba, romlidanac xdeba monawileTa gamocdilebis

danaxva. samuSaos Sedegad studentebs saSualeba eZlevaTY daaxarisxon

TavianTi codna da sakuTari gamocdileba uflebriv WrilSi ganixilon.

18

CaRrmaveba

CaRrmaveba saSualebas iZleva, gamomJRavndes da ganxilul iqnes

konfliqti an winaaRmdegoba, erTi mxriv, monawileTa Sexedulebebs

Soris da, meore mxriv, monawileTa Sexedulebebsa da konsultantis

Sexedulebebs Soris.

sinTezi

sinTezi, Cveulebriv, moicavs specifikur aqtivobebs, romlebic exmareba

monawileebs, Seajamon is mixvedrebi, romlebic mecadineobis aqtivobis

segmentidan CaRrmavebis segmentamde gamarTuli diskusiidan miiReba.

igi aseve daexmareba fasilitators, gansazRvros, ramdenad miiRweva

leqciis miznebi da Seitanos saWiro cvlilebebi Semdegi leqciisaTvis.

(ARRC, 1995)

qvemoT cxrilis saxiT aris mocemuli am modulis 1-li nawilis 1-li

Tavis ADIDS-is meTodiT swavlebis nimuSi.

ADIDS-is

meTodologia

ganxorcieleba fasilitatoris

SeniSvnebi

aqtivoba

an

diskusia

moitaneT/gaakeTeT

kolaJi Jurnalis/

gazeTis statiebisa,

romlebic adamianis

uflebebs exeba.

aqtivoba da diskusia

gansazRvravs,

Tu rogor esmiT

monawileebs mTavari

Sesaswavli sakiTxebi

da ra codnas

flobdnen isini

am sakiTxebze: ra

aris adamianis

uflebebi? adamianis

uflebaTa sayovelTao

deklaracia,

adamianis uflebaTa

dacva.

isaubreT mediaSi

bolo dros

gaSuqebuli adamianis

uflebaTa istoriebis

Sesaxeb.


ADIDS-is

meTodologia


SeniSvnebi

studentis samuSao/

leqcia

adamianis

uflebaTa dacvis

ra saerTaSoriso

standartebi arsebobs?

ris Sesaxebaa adamianis

uflebaTa sayovelTao

deklaracia?

rogor viTardeba

adamianis uflebaTa

standartebi?

ra fundamenturi

principebi udevs

safuZvlad

adamianis uflebebis

standartebs?

romeli konkretuli

uflebebia adamianis

uflebaTa sayovelTao

deklaraciaSi?

adamianis uflebaTa ra

darRvevebi arsebobs?

romelma qveynebma

daarRvies an ar

daarRvies adamianis

uflebebi?

samuSao efuZneba

im codnas, rac

monawileebs ukve

aqvT. fasilitatori

ubralod amatebs

imas, rac aqtivobas/

diskusias aklia.

CaRrmaveba sayovelTaoa Tu

SefardebiTi adamianis

uflebebi romelime

kulturasTan

Tu situaciasTan

mimarTebaSi?

arsebobs Tu ara

raime konkretuli

erovnuli Sexeduleba

adamianis uflebebis

Sesaxeb? ras niSnavs

adamianis uflebebi

JurnalistikisTvis?

CaRrmaveba xels

uwyobs adamianis

uflebebis Sesaxeb

sakamaTo sakiTxebze

diskusiis dawyebas.

es aris azrovnebis

maprovocirebeli

kiTxvebi, romlebic

monawileebs

daafiqrebs zogierT

maT gaazrebul

an gauazrebel

mosazrebaze.

20

ADIDS-is

meTodologia


SeniSvnebi

sinTezi ilustracia an

scenari, romelSic

studentebs sakuTari

codnis gamoyeneba

SeuZliaT.

sinTezi ajamebs

mecadineobaze

miRweul mixvedrebs

da exmareba

fasilitators,

gansazRvros, miRweuli

iqna Tu ara saswavlo

miznebi.

swavlis Sereuli meTodi

kompiuteriT swavla, rogorc studentze orientirebuli swavlebis

meTodi, meTodologiebis nawilSi iyo rekomendebuli, xolo

kompiuteriT Sefaseba dasaxelebulia Sefasebis erT-erT meTodad.

Sereuli swavla ubralod terminia iseTi swavlisa da swavlebis

midgomebis aRsaniSnavad, romlebic onlain aqtivobebisa da pirispir

aqtivobebis kombinacias warmoadgens.

VLE (Virtual Learning Environement - virtualuri saswavlo garemo) aris

swavlis virtualuri garemo, romelic xels uwyobs Sereul swavlas.

Sereuli swavlis magaliTebi:

• kursis komponentebis Sereva

swavlis es kursi Sedgeba pirispir mecadineobebisa da onlain

aqtivobebisagan. TiToeuli komponentis wili mniSvnelovnad icvleba

kursidan kursamde. aseTi formiT Sereul kursSi calkeuli aqtivobebi

an mTlianad pirispir mecadineobebia, an onlain aqtivobebi. amrigad,

SeiZleba jer iyos leqcia, mere onlain diskusia, romelsac mohyveba

praqtikuli mecadineoba da Semdeg onlain masalis gamoyeneba.


• fizikuri da virtualuri komponentebis Sereva

(adgilmdebareobis Sereva)

Cveulebriv miCneulia, rom onlain aqtivoba gamiznulia kampusis

gareT, saxlSi, individualuri gamoyenebisaTvis. Tumca onlain

aqtivobebi zogjer saklaso mecadineobis dros, maswavleblis

TandaswrebiT gamoiyeneba. zogierT onlain aqtivobas studentTa

jgufi atarebs kampusis saswavlo teritoriaze (`samecadino

sivrce~). amrigad, saganmanaTleblo aqtivoba SeiZleba warmoadgendes

pirispir komunikaciis da diskusiis da masalis onlain gamoyenebis,

informirebis da komunikaciis kombinacias. swavlis procesi Tavad aris

Sereuli. masSi SeiZleba moxdes rogorc fizikuri, aseve virtualuri

adgilmdebareobis Sereva.

resursebis Sereva

eleqtronuli swavla sxvadasxva wyarodan resursebis Tavmoyris

saSualebas iZleva. SesaZlebeli xdeba gare resursebisa da

adgilze, maswavleblis mier Seqmnili resursebis gaerTianeba;

kursis maswavleblebs SeuZliaT imuSaon gundebad da swavlis

teqnologiebis gamoyenebis gziT advilad gauziaron erTmaneTs

resursebi. studentebic erTmaneTs iyeneben, rogorc resursebs,

rodesac erTmaneTs daxmarebisTvis mimarTaven; es, rasakvirvelia,

pirispir meTodiTac xdeba da onlain meTodiTac; ZiriTadad orive

meTodi gamoiyeneba.

studentebisaTvis davalebebis Sesrulebis dros xelmisawvdomi

masStaburi da mravalferovani saswavlo resursebi warmoadgens

cifruli, fizikuri da adamianuri resursebis naerTs, romelsac

isini iyeneben pirispir da onlain meTodebis an orives

kombinaciis gziT.

virtualuri saswavlo garemo ewodeba eleqtronuli swavlis

instrumentebisa da programebis mTel nakrebs, romelic xelmisawvdomia

personalisa da studentebisaTvis.

22

virtualuri saswavlo garemos saswavlo programebia, magaliTad:

blekbordi (Blackboard)ueb-si-Ti (WebCT)keSCenmarki (Questionmark)kontent ripozitoriz (Content Repositories)

studentze orientirebuli virtualuri saswavlo garemo

dReisaTvis eleqtronuli swavlis paketebis umetesoba ufro personalze

orientirebul meTodzea gaTvlilia. marTlac, popularuli programuli

paketebi (Blackboard da WebCT), maTi operirebis TvalsazrisiT, Zalze

fokusirebulia personalze. yvelaferi organizebulia kursebis

mixedviT da saWiroebs maswavleblis daxmarebas. studentebs Zalze

mcire gasaqani eZlevaT imisaTvis, rom sakuTari iniciativiT imuSaon

kursis farglebSi da damoukideblad, maswavleblis daxmarebis gareSe,

wamoiwyon diskusiebi an ganaTavson masalebi.

studentebis saWiroebebi

aris Tu ara iseT SemTxvevebSi, rodesac studentTa jgufs, romelsac

surs, gamoiyenos blekbordi an ueb-si-Ti, magram maswavlebels maTTvis

jer kursisTvis saWiro sivrce ar Seuqmnia, raime SesaZlebloba

universitetSi, rom (a) mosmenili iqnes studentebis mosazrebebi? (b)

dakmayofilebuli iqnes maTi saWiroebebi? ra saoperacio funqcias

iTxoven Tavad studentebi?

swavlis onlain wilis zrdasTan erTad studentebma SeiZleba

moisurvon kampusSi da kampusis gareT sakuTari drois ukeT organizeba

drois ufro did `monakveTebad~. gangeb xom ar xdeba universitetebSi

ganrigis ise SemuSaveba, rom kampusSi samecadino dReebi rac SeiZleba

cota gamovides? aqtiur swavlasa da jgufur muSaobaSi eleqtronuli

swavlis meTodis gamoyenebis procesi sainteresod viTardeba. ras

fiqroben studentebi swavlis aseT meTodze? ra saxis saganmanaTleblo

midgomebi iqneboda maTTvis sasurveli?


ra tipis daxmareba dasWirdeboda students saxlidan wvdomis, akademiuri

da teqnikuri sakiTxebis garkvevis, usadeno qselis xelmisawvdomobis,

saswavlo sivrcis dizainis TvalsazrisiT? ra moxdeba, studentma

virtualuri saswavlo garemos farglebSi rom moisurvos sakuTari

inciativiT, anu maswavleblis daxmarebis gareSe, onlain saswavlo

jgufis Seqmna virtualuri konferenciis an resursebis gaziarebis

mizniT? ra moxdeba, studentma rom ipovos saintereso onlain resursebi

da Tavad ganaTavsos bmulebi da/an masalebi kursis romelime sivrceSi

an veb-sivrceSi? studentze orientirebuli am tipis instrumentebi

advili xelmisawvdomi ar aris kursis marTvis tradiciul sistemebSi.

risi uzrunvelyofa iqneboda SesaZlebeli? da isev, ras isurvebdnen

Tavad studentebi?

gzebi, romelTa meSveobiTac leqtorebi SeZleben am modulSi Sereuli

swavlebis midgomebis gamoyenebas:

1.

2.

3.

Sereuli swavlebis midgomebis gamoyenebis sargebeli:

Sefaseba

Sefaseba Zalze mniSvnelovania, vinaidan igi aCvenebs leqtors, rom

studentebma gaiTavises koncefciebi da, SeuZliaT, profesiulad

Seasrulon Jurnalistis saqmianoba. mniSvnelovania is, rom SefasebiT

mowmdeba saswavlo programis yvela aspeqti da fasdeba swavlis is 5

(xuTi) Sedegi, romlebic mTeli modulisTvis ganisazRvra.

leqtorebs SeuZliaT, SearCion Sefasebis forma imisda mixedviT,

Tu ramdenad warmatebulni arian studentebi, anda ras arian isini

miCveulebi. Cven ar girCevT mxolod tradiciuli gamocdebiT

Semofargvlas, vinaidan aseTi formiT ver xerxdeba im aspeqtebis srulad

24

Semowmeba, romelTa ganxilvasac saswavlo programa iTvaliswinebs.

Sefasebis tradiciul praqtikasTan dakavSirebuli sirTule is aris,

rom, magaliTad, niSnebs an qulebs zedmeti mniSvneloba eniWeba, xolo

rCevis micemas da swavlis funqcias _ naklebi, xdeba moswavleebis

erTmaneTTan Sedareba, riTac maxvili ufro konkurenciaze keTdeba,

vidre personalur gaumjobesebaze.

yvelaze kargia, leqtorebma studentebis Sesamowmeblad gamoiyenon,

rogorc Semajamebeli, aseve formirebadi Sefasebebi. Semajamebeli

Sefaseba gamoyenebuli unda iqnes kompetenturobis gansasazRvrad

da studentisTvis modulSi niSnis dasawerad. formirebadi

Sefaseba gamoyenebuli unda iqnes imisaTvis, rom studentma miiRos

rekomendaciebi swavlis Sesaxeb. am SefasebiT students eZleva rCeva

imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu rogor SeinarCunos da gaaumjobesos sakuTari

winsvla, magram igi gavlenas ar axdens studentis Semajamebeli

Sefasebis niSansa Tu qulaze.

saswavlo kursSi meti formirebadi Sefasebis gamoyenebiT moaxdenT

studentebze fokusirebas, vinaidan gamoavlenT maT swavlaSi

naklovanebebsa da im aspeqtebs, romelTa gamosworebac SeuZliaT.

formirebadi Sefasebis magaliTebSi Sedis komentarebi eseebze,

werilobiTi SeniSvnebi Sesrulebul davalebebze, wlis ganmavlobaSi

iseTi niSnebis dawera, romlebic ar imoqmedebs wlis bolos

daweril niSanze, da mravalvariantiani kiTxvebi/pasuxebi mxolod

rekomendaciebis misaRebad. sxva formirebadi Sefasebebis damateba

aZlierebs studentze orientirebul midgomas.

Semajamebeli Sefasebis yvelaze mniSvnelovani principi aris is, rom

man unda gansazRvros, miaRwia Tu ara da ramdenad miaRwia studentma

am modulisaTvis gansazRvrul saswavlo Sedegs, ris safuZvelzec

daiwereba niSani an qula, romelic imoqmedebs studentis Semdgom

swavlaze, swavlis Sedegze an oriveze. imas, Tu ras swavlobs studenti,

ra Zalisxmevas iyenebs amisaTvis da ra xasiaTi aqvs studentis swavlas,

xSirad im Semajamebeli Sefasebis masStabi da forma ganapirobebs,

romlis miRebasac isini moelian. magram formirebadi Sefaseba

umniSvnelovanesia swavlis procesisaTvis da idealur SemTxvevaSi


saswavlo kursi ise unda iqnes Sedgenili, rom maqsimalurad gaizardos

formirebadi SeniSvnebis raodenoba, romlebsac studentebi miiReben

TavianTi samuSaos Sesaxeb.

Semajamebeli Sefaseba

qvemoT motanilia Semajamebeli Sefasebebis ramdenime magaliTi,

romlebic leqtorebs SeuZliaT ucvlelad an saxecvlili formiT

gamoiyenon. Semajamebeli Sefasebis es magaliTi rekomendebulia am

modulisaTvis:

studentebi warmoadgenen bavSvTa uflebebisa da keTildReobis

zogierTi aspeqtis Sesaxeb 1000-sityvian statias. statia unda iyos

originaluri da Sesrulebuli maRalprofesiul doneze ise, rom misi

gamoqveyneba SeiZlebodes. studentebi aseve warmoadgenen Jurnals,

romelSic aRwerili iqneba kvlevisa da statiis weris procesi.

sadac SesaZlebelia, studentebi radiosTvis axali ambebis pakets

moamzadeben.

magaliTad, studentebma mediaorganizaciis gamoSvebis redaqtors

SeiZleba gamosaqveyneblad an translirebisaTvis SesTavazon statiis

an paketis momzadeba. studentebma unda moamzadon yovelkvireuli

Jurnalic, romelSic detalurad iqneba aRwerili procesi,

wamoWrili sakiTxebi, maT Soris bavSvis uflebebTan dakavSirebuli

sakiTxebisadmi interesi Tu uinteresoba. realurad am tipis Sefaseba

SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes iq, sadac didi mediabazaria. amis erT-

erTi alternatiuli variantia studentis mier namuSevris wardgena

redaqtorisaTvis, romelic sakuTar mosazrebebs gamoTqvams am

namuSevarze, Tumca ar iqneba valdebuli, gamoaqveynos igi. students

niSani ewereba JurnalSi aRwerili sakiTxebis, publikaciis da

gamoqveynebul naSromSi wamoWrili sakiTxebis safuZvelze.

26

formirebadi Sefaseba

qvemoT motanilia formirebadi Sefasebis ramdenime magaliTi, romlebic

leqtorebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenon ucvlelad an saxecvlili formiT,

rogorc Tavad CaTvlian saWirod:

yoveli mecadineobis dasrulebisas studentebs eZlevaT davaleba

Semdegi mecadineobisTvis. es niSnavs, rom studentebi Semowmdebian

konkretuli nawilis yvela aspeqtSi. davalebis moculoba SeiZleba

monacvleobdes mokle axali ambis momzadebidan da konkretul

sakiTxze bavSvebis SerCeviTi gamokiTxvidan (voqs-popi) mravalpasuxian

testebamde. mniSvnelovania, rom davalebis sirTulis done studentebis

dones Seesabamebodes, Tumca davaleba Zalian Zneli an detaluri ar

unda iyos, raTa studentebs ar gauWirdeT am davalebisaTvis gamoyofil

droSi Cateva. es saklaso davalebebi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes

rogorc formirebadi Sefasebebi da yovel maTganze niSnis dawera ar aris

aucilebeli. isini qmnis mdidar bazas momavali mecadineobebisaTvis da

mTavari sadiskusio sakiTxebis gansazRvraSi da maT Semdgom gavrcobaSi

gvexmareba. formirebadi Sefasebis nebismieri qvemoT mocemuli forma

SeiZleba gamoyenebul iqnes davalebis xasiaTis mixedviT:

• Tanakurselis Sefaseba

• TviTSefaseba

• Sefaseba kompiuteris meSveobiT

• saswavlo kontraqtebi / SeTanxmebuli kontraqtebi

Tanakurselis Sefaseba / TviTSefaseba

Tanakurselis Sefaseba da TviTSefaseba kontrolsa da pasuxismgeblobas

ubrunebs students, xazs usvams ra studentSi avtonomiurobis

gazrdil grZnobas. TviTSefaseba mniSvnelovani aqtivobaa, romelic

exmareba students, sakuTar swavlaze aiRos pasuxismgebloba.


Tanakurselis Sefaseba

Tanakurselis Sefaseba niSnavs sxva, Tanabari statusisa da

uflebamosilebis mqone adamianis samuSaos Sefasebas. Tanakurselis

Sefasebam sargebloba orive mxares unda moutanos – Sesafasebelsac

da Semfasebelsac. konstruqciuli SeniSvnebis micemis unari Zalze

faseuli unaria. am unaris SesaZenad studenti Seiswavlis niSnis/

qulis daweris sqemebs an Sefasebis kriteriumebs, imas, Tu rogor

aagos winadadeba, romelSic efeqtianad iqneba SeniSvnebi gamoxatuli

da rogor daicvas sakuTari komentarebi. kritikuli gaazreba,

romelic umniSvnelovanesia SeniSvnebis gamoTqmisTvis, Zalze faseuli

akademiuri unaria. studentebi iswavlian diplomatiasac, rogor miiRon

da moaxdinon reagireba konstruqciul kritikaze, SeiZenen, aseve,

mkafio da kritriumebze dafuZnebuli Sefasebebis gakeTebis unar-Cvevebs.

Tanakurselis Sefaseba gaaRrmavebs studentis saswavlo gamocdilebas,

radgan studentebi bevr rames gaigeben sakuTar naSromze sxva studentebis

mier Sesrulebuli msgavsi davalebebis Sefasebis gziT.

TviTSefaseba

TviTSefasebis dros studentebi sakuTar namuSevars amowmeben, xelaxla

ubrundebian davalebebis monaxazebs da teqstebs da uRrmavdebian da

iazreben TavianT warsul praqtikas. yuradRebis miqcevaa saWiro, rom

studentebma iswavlon imis Sefaseba, rac faqtobrivad aris miRweuli da

ara imisa, Tu ra iyo nagulisxmevi. TviTSefasebis koncefcia sakuTari

naSromis Sefasebis unaris garda TviTanalizis da kritikuli gaazrebis

unar-Cvevebsac aviTarebs.

Sefaseba kompiuteris meSveobiT

kompiuteriT Sefaseba swrafi da qmediTi gzaa, romlis meSveobiTac

studenti maleve Rebulobs gamoxmaurebas sakuTar naSromze, xolo

maswavlebeli zogavs niSnis dasawerad saWiro dros. kompiuteriT

Sefaseba tipuri formirebadi Sefasebaa, vinaidan igi exmareba students,

daadginos, miaRwia Tu ara maswavleblis mier dasaxul mizans.

28

saswavlo kontraqtebi/SeTanxmebuli kontraqtebi

es kontraqtebi gansazRvravs im miznebs, romlebsac studentebi

TavianTi saganmanaTleblo saWiroebebis mixedviT saxaven da aTanxmeben

leqtorebTan. aseT kontraqtSi SeiZleba ganisazRvros Sefasebis is

formac, romliTac students surs, rom misi codna Semowmdes imis

dasadgenad, miRweul iqna Tu ara dasaxuli miznebi. es iZleva arCevanis

saSualebas, ra sagani iswavlos studentma da aseve arCevanisa, Tu ra

formiT Sefasdes misi codna. arCevani studentze orientirebuli

swavlis strategiis erT-erTi mTavari pirobaa.

swavlis SeTanxmebis koncefciac leqtorsa da students Soris

urTierTobis mniSvnelovani cvlilebis maCvenebelia. rogor vaniWebT,

sinamdvileSi, students garkveul avtonomias da gadawyvetilebis

miRebis saSualebas iseT sferoSi, rogoric Sefasebaa? qvemoT motanil

cxrilSi mocemulia mosazrebebi, Tu rogor SeiZleba leqtorma CarTos

studenti Sefasebis procesSi.

studentebis CarTva davalebebis

gansazRvris etapze

• Sesafasebeli davalebis arCeva

• Sesafasebeli davalebis

gansazRvra

• msjeloba Sefasebis

kriteriumebis Sesaxeb

• Sefasebis kriteriumebis

gansazRvra

studentebis CarTva davalebebis

Sesrulebis Semdgom etapze

• TviTSefasebiTi SeniSvnebis

gamoTqma

• TanakurselTa mier Sefasebis

SeniSvnebis gamoTqma

• TviTSefasebiTi niSnebis/

qulebis SemoTavazeba

• TviTSefasebiT niSnebze/

qulebze SeTanxmeba

• TviTSefasebiTi niSnebis/

qulebis miniWeba

• TanakurselTa mier Sefasebis

niSnebis an qulebis miniWeba

wyaro: adaptirebulia: o’nili da mak-mahoni, 2005 w.


komentireba

formirebadi (da, aseve, Semajamebeli) Sefasebis yvelaze

mniSvnelovani komponentia komentarebi studentebis, Tanakurselebis

an fasilitatoris mxridan. xarisxiani, srulyofili, drouli

komentarebi Zalian mniSvnelovani faqtoria studentis swavlis

procesis warmarTvisTvis. Sefaseba studentebs unda uzrunvelyofdes

komentarebiT swavlis dasaxuli miznebisaken maTi winsvlis Sesaxeb.

komentarebiT studentebi SeZleben gaiazron, ra gaakeTes kargad, ra

unda gamoasworon da ramdenad samarTliani iyo Semajamebeli SefasebiT

dasmuli niSani/qula.

imisaTvis, rom Tqvenma _ rogorc fasilitatoris _ komentarebma

maqsimaluri zegavlena iqonios studentis swavlis procesze, es

komentarebi drouli unda iyos. naadrevma komentarebma SeiZleba

studentis gaazrebis procesi Seaferxos. Tumca ufro xSirad

komentarebi dagvianebiT keTdeba, rodesac studentisaTvis maT

arsebiTi mniSvneloba aRara aqvs. komentireba ar unda gadaidos wlis/

semestris bolosTvis, vinaidan naklebad savaraudoa, rom aman raime

sargebloba moutanos students mas Semdeg, rac davaleba dasrulebuli

eqneba da axali davalebis Sesruleba eqneba dawyebuli.

droul da arsebiT komentirebas bevri sargeblobis motana SeuZlia

swavlis Sedegebis TvalsazrisiT. magaliTad, aseTi komentireba:

• gaaCens ndobas studentebSi;

• motivacias gauCens studentebs, gaaumjobeson swavlis procesi;

• miawvdis studentebs informacias swavlis procesis gaumjobesebis

Sesaxeb;

• gamoasworebs Secdomebs, gansazRvravs Zlier da sust mxareebs.

komentarebis meti efeqtianoba

Tqveni, rogorc maswavleblis, komentarebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis

mravali gza arsebobs, raTa isini studentisaTvis meti Sedegis momtani

iyos. martivi rameebi, magaliTad, kargi namuSevris plusiT (an sxva

30

grafikuli niSniT) aRniSvnis nacvlad iseTi mokle sityvebis Cawera,

rogoricaa `kargia~ an `sworia~, gazrdis studentebis motivacias.

komentarebi konkretuli unda iyos – nu ityviT mxolod, rom ̀ kargia~,

ganumarteT, ratom aris kargi, ra TvalsazrisiT. komentarebi aseve

unda iyos konstruqciuli, wamaxalisebeli, gulaxdili, xelSemwyobi,

rac SeiZleba xSirad unda keTdebodes da arsebiTi xasiaTi unda

hqondes. konstruqciuli komentarebi students unda miuTiTebdes:

• Sefasebuli samuSaos romeli aspeqtebia kargi da ratom;

• Sefasebuli samuSaos romeli aspeqtebia naklebad kargi da ratom;

• rogor SeiZleba, rom studentma gaaumjobesos es konkretuli

samuSao;

• rogor SeiZleba, rom studentma ukeT imuSaos momavalSi.

komentarebis meti qmediToba

komentarebma SeiZleba didi dro waiRos, magram arsebobs maTi

qmediTobis gazrdis gzebi.

• gaiTvaliswineT im komentarebis xasiaTi, romlebic studentebs

TiToeuli samuSaos koncefciebis gasagebad da unar-Cvevebis

gansaviTareblad sWirdeba. ramdenad detaluri unda iyos

komentarebi? individualuri unda iyos Tu jgufuri? zepiri

formiT unda iyos Tu werilobiTi?

• gamoiyeneT uordis failSi dokumentis Sesworebis da redaqtirebis

funqcia, raTa ufro swrafad uzrunvelyoT studentebi

komentarebiTa da SeniSvnebiT maT eseebsa da reportaJebze.

• gamoiyeneT an SeqmeniT komentirebis standartuli formebi.

• CawereT audiofirze komentarebi studentebisTvis.

• moifiqreT ufro detaluri xerxebi imis gamosavlenad, Tu ra

logika udevs namuSevars, ra aris is koncefciebi da principebi,

romlebic SeiZleba arasworad iqnes gagebuli da winaswar

daadgineT, studentebis ra Secdomebi SeiZleba mohyves maT aseTi

gaugebrobis Sedegad.


modulis struqtura

modulis struqtura

`bavSvis uflebebi da Jurnalisturi praqtika – uflebebze

dafuZnebuli midgoma~ ori nawilisgan Sedgeba: pirveli nawilia `bavSis

uflebebis gacnoba~, xolo meore _ `bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli

Jurnalisturi praqtika~. pirvel nawilSi mocemulia mTavari

saxelmZRvanelo principebi, romlebic studentebs koncefciis Sefasebis

da gagebis saSualebas aZlevs. meore nawilSi es principebi praqtikul

magaliTebsa da profesiul konteqstSi gamoiyeneba. studentebma

moduli srulad unda gaiaron, Tumca organizaciuli miznebisaTvis

SesaZlebelia TiToeuli nawilis damoukideblad swavleba.

miznebi da amocanebi

am modulis mizania, rom staJiorma Jurnalistebma an Jurnalistikis

fakultetis studentma gaigon bavSvis uflebebi ise, rogorc isini

gaero-s bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSia gansazRvruli da ganiviTaron

axali ambebis pasuxismgeblobiT gaSuqebis unari, romelic gulisxmobs

bavSvis uflebebis dacvas da pativiscemas yvela im sakiTxSi, romlebic

mediaSi bavSvebis monawileobas da gaSuqebas exeba.

swavlis Sedegebi

am modulis dasrulebis Semdeg students SeeZleba:

1. gaigos da gansazRvros bavSvis uflebaTa ZiriTadi aspeqtebi ise,

rogorc es gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciaSia gansazRvruli;

2. waikiTxos, gaaanalizos da kritikulad Seafasos bavSvebTan

dakavSirebuli sakiTxebis gaSuqeba uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT;

3. kritikulad Seafasos, Tu ramdenad Sesaferisi da mniSvnelovania

saredaqcio principebi da qcevis kodeqsebi bavSvebis Sesaxeb

axali ambebis gavrcelebis praqtikasTan mimarTebiT;

32

4. profesiulad Seafasos Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvis

uflebebis dacvis kuTxiT;

5. gaaSuqos samarTlianad, zustad da bavSvis uflebebis

principebTan Sesabamisad.

modulis struqtura – sakontaqto saaTebi da individualuri

mecadineoba

moduli warmoadgens erT 10 ECTS-ian (kreditebis gadatanis da

dagrovebis evropuli sistema) moduls da mTlianobaSi iTvaliswinebs

200-saaTian individualur mecadineobas studentis mxridan.

SesaZlebelia TiToeuli nawilis, rogorc ori 5 ECTS-iani nawilis,

damoukideblad gavla.

modulisTvis rekomendebuli sakontaqto saaTebi: 60 saaTi

damoukidebeli muSaobisaTvis saWiro iqneba, savaraudod, 140 saaTi.

modulis swavlisTvis saWiro saaTebi: 200 saaTi


calkeul TavebTan dakavSirebuli SeniSvnebi maswavleblebisaTvis

nawili 1: bavSvis uflebaTa gacnoba

1. adamianis uflebaTa cnebis warmodgena

am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi sakiTxebia:

ras warmoadgens adamianis uflebebi?

adamianis uflebaTa sayovelTao deklaracia

adamianis uflebaTa dacva

rekomendebuli sadiskusio Tema: imsjeleT adamianis uflebaTa

koncefciaze Tanamedroveobidan SerCeuli Temis konteqstSi.

am davalebis mizania studentebsa da leqtors Soris diskusiis dawyeba

zogadad adamianis uflebebis Sesaxeb. Temis SerCeva SeuZlia leqtors an

Tavad studentebs. zogadi Tema diskusiis dasawyebadaa saWiro, Semdeg

ki mecadineobaze imsjeleT zogierT im sakiTxze, romlebsac es nawili

moicavs, magaliTad, uflebebis ganuyofeli da urTierTdamokidebuli

bunebis koncefciasa da arsze. kerZod, diskusiaSi SeiZleba ganxilul

iqnes adamianis uflebebis gavlenis da Jurnalisturi praqtikisTvis

maTi mniSvnelobis sakiTxi.

2. bavSvis uflebebi

am TavSi Sesaswavli ZiriTadi Temebia:

ratom aris aucilebeli bavSvis uflebebis gamoyofa?

gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvencia;

bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti.

rekomendebuli sadiskusio Tema: gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa

komitetisaTvis Tqveni qveynis mier wardgenili erovnuli

angariSebi, komitetis mier am angariSebis ganxilva, msjeloba bavSvis

34

uflebaTa konvenciis ganxorcielebaze Tqvens qveyanaSi, arsebuli

monitoringis meqanizmebisa da maTi gavlenis Sesaxeb.

gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis ratificirebis Semdeg TiToeul

qveyanas moeTxoveba gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa komitetisaTvis

erovnuli angariSis regularulad wardgena. aseT angariSs xSirad

Tan axlavs arasamTavrobo seqtoris mier momzadebuli alternatiuli

(e.w. `Crdilovani~) angariSi. studentebisaTvis sasargeblo iqneba am

angariSebis ganxilva da naxva, Tu romel sakiTxebs miiCnevs mTavroba

seriozul sakiTxebad da rogor aris es sakiTxebi asaxuli arasamTavrobo

seqtoris angariSSi. garda amisa, bavSvis uflebaTa komiteti amzadebs

daskvniT mosazrebebs qveynis angariSze, sadac mocemulia arsebuli

mdgomareobis gasaumjobesebeli qmedebebi. rogorc erovnuli

angariSebi, aseve komitetis daskvniTi mosazrebebi SeiZleba Zalze

sasargeblo aRmoCndes imisaTvis, rom studentebma zustad gaigon, ras

niSnavs bavSvis uflebebi. studentebs SeiZleba sTxovoT, gaixsenon

sakuTari bavSvobis gamocdileba da imsjelon, ra gavlena SeiZleba

moexdina amas maT Sexedulebebze bavSvis uflebebis Sesaxeb.

3. bavSvis uflebebi da media


mediis gavlena axalgazrdebze;

bavSvebis gaSuqeba mediaSi;

bavSvebis monawileoba mediaSi.

rekomendebuli sadiskusio Tema: SearCieT mediaSi arsebuli masala,

romelic bavSvebs exeba, da ganixileT igi bavSvis uflebebis

konteqstSi.

am Tavis mizania, daafiqros studentebi bavSvTa uflebebis zegavlenaze,

aseve imaze, Tu rogor SeiZleba isini `gamovlindes~ realobaSi.

diskusiis dros wamoWril sakiTxebze msjelobisas kargi iqneba, Tu

ganixilavT sazogadoebaSi arsebul balanss bavSvebis, mSoblebisa

da zrdasruli adamianebis uflebebs Soris. diskusiis gagrZeleba


SeiZleba imis ganxilviT, Tu rogor xdeba bavSvebis monawileobis

gazrda iseT sferoebSi, romlebic maT exeba. aseTi sferoebi SeiZleba

iyos ganaTleba, mzrunveloba dRis ganmavlobaSi, TamaSi da dasveneba.

kvlevam aCvena, rom ufrosebi bavSvebs xSirad ubralod formalurad

aZleven SesaZleblobas, gaazrebulad miiRon monawileoba da

gaiTvaliswinon am monawileobis Sedegi da ara realurad. saukeTeso

praqtikidan ramdenime magaliTis ganxilviT studentebi SeZleben,

gaiRrmavon warmodgena bavSvebis Sesaxeb politikis, praqtikisa da

kvlevisadmi uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgomis Sesaxeb.

4. winaaRmdegobebi bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebis gzaze


adamianis uflebebis dacva;

bavSvTa uflebebis mxardaWera;

problemebi bavSvTa uflebebis ganxorcielebasTan dakavSirebiT;

rekomendebuli Tema diskusiisa da Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis: daadgineT

Tqvens qveyanaSi moqmedi bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli jgufebi.

emyarebian Tu ara es jgufebi uflebebs? iTvaliswineben Tu ara

bavSvebis mosazrebebs TavianT saqmianobaSi?

dRemde Catarebuli diskusiebidan da mecadineobebidan gamomdinare,

programis am etapisaTvis studentebs ukve sakmaod naTeli warmodgena

unda hqondeT imis Taobaze, Tu ras niSnavs an SeiZleba realurad

niSnavdes `uflebebze dafuZnebuli~ midgoma. uflebebis damcveli

saagentoebis [erovnuli da saerTaSoriso] da bavSvebze pasuxismgebeli

samTavrobo departamentebis mimoxilvisas sasargeblo iqneba uflebebis

enasa da uflebebis ritorikaze msjeloba. studentebs am etapze unda

SeeZloT TavianT qveyanaSi uflebebis realizebaSi arsebuli barierebis

(Tu aseTebi arsebobs) ganixilva.

36

5. mediis mier bavSvebis asaxva, bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli

pasuxismgebloba


mediaSi bavSvebis asaxva;

mediis mier stereotipebis Seqmna;

bavSvis uflebaTa darRveva;

bavSvis dacva.

rekomendebuli Tema diskusiisa da Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis: mimoixileT

bavSvis uflebaTa sainformacio qselis (CRIN) eTikuri saxelmZRvanelo

principebi da gansazRvreT ramdenime ZiriTadi principis mniSvneloba

Tqveni praqtikisaTvis. rogor SeiZleba _ Tuki saerTod es SesaZlebelia

_ gavlena moaxdinos am principebma arsebul praqtikaze?

es moduli exeba bavSvebis uflebebis dacvas Jurnalistur praqtikaSi.

mTavari gamowveva aq studentebis azrovnebis fokusis gadatanaa bavSvTa

dacvis sakiTxidan bavSvis _ rogorc aqtiuri moqalaqis _ da misi

uflebebis dacvis sakiTxze. es Tavi exmareba studentebs, Tavi daaRwion

bavSvebisadmi zedapirul midgomas, damkvidrebul stereotipebs –

kargi/cudi; angelozebi/eSmakebi da a.S. – da ganixilon stereotipebis

Camoyalibebis rogorc umniSvnelo, ise seriozuli formebi da is

riskebi, romlebsac isini Seicavs da romlebiTac ilaxeba bavSvis

uflebebi.

6. informaciis gavrcelebis saukeTeso praqtika bavSvebis TvalsazrisiT


`msoflio bavSvebisaTvis~;

erovnuli samoqmedo gegmebi bavSvebisaTvis;

bavSvebis monawileoba;

saukeTeso praqtikis principebi;

bavSvTa Tvalsazrisis gageba: magaliTebi.


rekomendebuli Tema diskusiisa da Semdgomi kvlevisaTvis: ganixileT

Tqvens qveyanaSi bavSvebTan dakavSirebuli erovnuli samoqmedo gegmis

statusi da bavSvebisa da axalgazrdebis monawileoba mis SemuSavebaSi.

zogi qveyana sxva qveynebze ufro qmediTia bavSvTa uflebebis realizebasa

da aRniSnul procesSi bavSvebis CarTvaSi. am davalebis mizania, daafiqros

studentebi, Tu ra mdgomareobaa am mxriv maT qveyanaSi. saerTod, modulis

am Tavis mizania, daafiqros studentebi imaze, Tu rogor imuSaon

bavSvebTan da bavSvebis sakeTildReod saerTaSoriso CarCos farglebSi

da uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgomis gamoyenebiT.

modulis am nawilis mizania, xeli Seuwyos studentebs Soris kritikuli

diskusiis dawyebas imaze, Tu ras niSnavs uflebebze dafuZnebuli midgoma

da rogor imoqmedebs es Jurnalistur praqtikaze. mosalodnelia

uTanxmoeba da debatebi, rac gaamdidrebs studentebis ganaTlebis

process da xels Seuwyobs am rTuli sferosadmi gaazrebuli midgomis

Camoyalibebas.

nawili 2: bavSvis uflebebi da profesiuli Jurnalisturi praqtika

1. qcevis kodeqsebi da saxelmZRvanelo saredaqcio principebi


ra saWiroa qcevis kodeqsebi?

kodeqsebi detaluri da normatiuli unda iyos Tu zogad

principebs unda moicavdes?

qcevis kodeqsebi da movaleobebi;

qcevis kodeqsebi da presis Tavisufleba;

pasuxismgeblobis da Tavisuflebis Sedareba.

SeniSvna maswavleblebisaTvis: sTxoveT studentebs, imsjelon imaze, Tu

ras unda moicavdes qcevis kargi kodeqsi da ra faseulobebi unda iyos

masSi xazgasmuli. CamowereT sia dafaze da Semdeg SeadareT saklaso

diskusiis Sedegad miRebuli es sia realur kodeqsebs.

38

Zalze mniSvnelovania, studentebs mieceT dro, rom SeTavazebuli

masala kritikulad ganixilon. yovelTvis aucilebelia kodeqsis

Sesruleba? kodeqsebi saxelmZRvanelo principebs warmoadgens Tu

regulirebas?

2. bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi


bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi. ras warmoadgens es strategiebi da

ra Sexeba aqvs JurnalistebTan?

bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis SemuSaveba;

bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis ganxorcieleba;

bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi da presis Tavisufleba.

am TavSi ganxilulia, Tu ramdenad icaven Tavad Jurnalistebi bavSvTa

uflebebs profesiuli saqmianobisas da ramdenad gamoavlenen isini im

organizaciebs, romlebic arRveven bavSvTa uflebebs. aRniSnuli Tavi

efuZneba wina leqcias eTikis kodeqsebis Sesaxeb. bolo wlebis erT-

erTi mniSvnelovani movlena iyo aSS-Si, avstraliasa da irlandiaSi

kaTolikuri eklesiis mRvdlebis mier bavSvTa eqspluataciis faqtebis

gaSuqeba mediaSi. studentebma unda ganixilon, bavSvTa dacvis ra

strategiebi arsebobs maT qveynebSi arsebul sxvadasxva organizaciaSi.

maT SeuZliaT aseve imsjelon bavSvTa dacvis im axali zomebis Sesaxeb,

romlebic kaTolikurma eklesiam SemoiRo bavSvTa eqspluataciis

gaxmaurebuli istoriis Semdeg.

studentebma SeiZleba interviuebi aiRon Jurnalistebisagan, raTa

gaarkvion, ramdenad informirebulebi arian isini bavSvTa dacvis

strategiebisa Tu regulirebis Sesaxeb.

sasurvelia, studentebi bavSvTa dacvis sferoSi moRvawe adgilobriv

arasamTavrobo organizaciebs gaesaubron mediaSi bavSvebis gaSuqebis

sakiTxebze. aseTi saubrebis Sedegad SeiZleba momzaddes reportaJebi

an statiebi, romlebsac mTel klass gaacnoben.


3. kanonTan konfliqtSi myofi bavSvebi


bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi. ras warmoadgens isini da ra Sexeba

aqvs JurnalistebTan?

bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis SemuSaveba;

bavSvTa dacvis strategiebis ganxorcieleba;

bavSvTa dacvis strategiebi da presis Tavisufleba.

es SeiZleba studentebisaTvis Zalze rTuli sfero aRmoCndes. xSirad

sazogadoebis damokidebuleba iseTi bavSvebis mimarT, romlebic

seriozul danaSauls sCadian, Zalze mkacria. zogjer aseTi bavSvebis

identificireba, danaSaulis xasiaTidan gamomdinare, iseT qveynebSic

ki xdeba, sadac sasamarTlo procesSi monawile bavSvebis anonimuroba

Cveulebriv daculia.

umniSvnelovanesia, rom yvela studentma icodes sakuTar qveyanaSi

arsebuli iuridiuli moTxovnebi im bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT, romlebic

monawileoben sasamarTlo ganxilvaSi an Sexeba aqvT sasamarTlo

sistemasa da policiasTan.

nebismieri Jurnalisti, romelsac surs bavSvTa sakiTxebsa da bavSvTa

uflebebis dacvis sferoSi specializeba, unda icnobdes bavSvebTan

dakavSirebul yvela kanons.

4. siuJetebisa da wyaroebis moZieba


ra aris wyaro;

SeiZleba Tu ara, rom bavSvi iyos wyaro?

JurnalistisTvis wyaroebis mniSvneloba;

anonimuri wyaroebi;

saidan vigebT ambebs?

40

sTxoveT studentebs, SearCion siuJeti da CamouTvaleT gamosayenebeli

wyaroebi, aseve, auxseniT, Tu rogor unda daukavSirdnen maT, mieciT

telefonis nomrebi an eleqtronuli fostis misamarTebi. wyaroebTan

dakavSirebuli erT-erTi problema is aris, rom Jurnalistebi

eyrdnobian adamianebis Zalze mcirericxovan jgufs, romelic

ZiriTadad istebliSments warmoadgens; ubiZgeT maT, gansxvavebulad da

aratradiciulad miudgnen wyaroebis SerCevas.

es moduli unda moicavdes imasac, rac studentebma axali ambebis

faseulobebis Sesaxeb sxva modulebSi iswavles.

studentebma unda ivarjiSon statiebis weraSi da moifiqron, rogor

asaxon bavSvTa uflebebi sakuTar naSromebSi.

bavSvis uflebebis sakiTxebis gaTvaliswineba ar niSnavs mxolod

gaeros bavSvis uflebaTa konvenciis gaTvaliswinebas. udavoa, rom

es konvencia Jurnalists iseTi sakiTxebis speqtrs sTavazobs,

romlebzec igi siuJetebs moiZiebs. igi aseve saSualebas aZlevs

Jurnalistebs, konvenciis ganxorcielebis monitoringi awarmoon,

magaliTad, gamoiZion, Tu rogor asrulebs xelisufleba konvenciiT

gaTvaliswinebul valdebulebebs.

leqtorebma SeiZleba miscen studentebs gamogonili ambebis monaxazebi

mokle Canaweris saxiT da daakvirdnen, SeZleben Tu ara studentebi

statiebis ise daweras, rom mkiTxveli daaintereson.

saswavlo masalaSi CamoTvlilia informaciis wyaroebi da organizaciebi.

studentebma unda scadon aseTi siis Sedgena TavianTi qveynisTvis.

sasargeblo iqneba, rom klasma Seadginos im organizaciebisa da

individebis monacemTa baza, romlebic sasargeblo wyaroebad

gamodgeboda nebismier qveyanaSi. aseTi sia SeiZleba miewodos TiToeul

students da amiT gaumjobesdes maTi, rogorc moqmedi Jurnalistebis,

profesionalizmi.


5. bavSvebisgan intervius aReba


rogor unda aiRoT interviu bavSvebisagan?

bavSvisgan intervius aReba mxolod bavSvze pasuxismgebeli

zrdasruli adamianis daswrebiT SeiZleba?

rodis SeiZleba bavSvisgan intervius aReba mSoblis an meurvis

dauswreblad?

saWiroebs Tu ara bavSvisgan intervius aReba im unar-Cvevebisgan

gansxvavebul unarebs, romlebic zrdasrulisgan intervius

aRebas sWirdeba?

sTxoveT adgilobriv Jurnalists da bavSvTa uflebebis damcveli

arasamTavrobo organizaciis warmomadgenels, monawileoba miiRon

mecadineobaSi. orives sTxoveT, isaubron bavSvebze, rogorc

wyaroebze, bavSvebisgan intervius aRebasa da Tanxmobis miRebaze.

am mecadineobaze SeiZleba mizanSewonili iyos JurnalistikaSi

sazogadoebrivi interesis mniSvnelobis ganxilva da Sedareba im

arasamTavrobo organizaciis funqciasTan, romelic mxolod bavSvis

interesebs emsaxureba.

klasma unda imsjelos imaze, rom SeiZleba bavSvebs Tavad hqondeT

istoriebi da gamoyenebulni iyvnen wyaroebad.

wamoiwyeT klasSi diskusia bavSvebisgan intervius aRebis saxelmZRvanelo

principebze da imsjeleT, es principebi Jurnalistebs exmareba Tu

xels uSlis. aris Tu ara iseTi SemTxvevebi, rodesac Jurnalisti

iZulebulia, imuSaos am principebis darRveviT?

es SesaZleblobas iZleva, gaimarTos msjeloba iseT mniSvnelovan

sakiTxebze, rogorebicaa gamoqveynebisTvis gankuTvnili informacia da

informacia, romlis gamomzeurebac wyaros ar surs, anonimuri wyaroebis

gamoyeneba da informaciis mopoveba, rac wina modulebSi unda yofiliyo

ganxiluli.

42

6. bavSvebi SeiaraRebul konfliqtSi


jariskaci bavSvebis istoriebi;

konteqsti, omi, samoqalaqo areuloba, samoqalaqo sazogadoebis

kolafsi;

jariskaci bavSvebis Temis sensaciuroba;

unar-Cvevebis sxva ambebTan mimarTebiT gamoyeneba.

es aris erT-erTi mTavari da aqtualuri Tema, romelic warmoaCens

im problemebs, romlebsac Jurnalistebi awydebian bavSvebTan

dakavSirebuli mniSvnelovani sakiTxebis gaSuqebisas. SeiZleba

sasargeblo aRmoCndes diskusiis arealis gafarToeba da sxva

ambebis, gansakuTrebiT, mocemul qveyenaSi aqtualuri iseTi ambebis,

rogorebicaa bavSvebi seqs-industriaSi, bavSvebis trefikingi an

nebismieri sxva, ganxilva. aseve SeiZleba mosTxovoT studentebs,

daasaxelon wyaroebi, romelTa gamoyenebac SeiZleba erT-erTi aseTi

ambis gaSuqebisas.

aq ori sakiTxi dgas: rogor SevinarCunoT interesi mimdinare Temisadmi;

rogor gavaSuqoT ambavi sensaciurobis gareSe da bavSvis keTildReobis

dacviT.

7. sityvis Tavisufleba bavSvebs da bavSvebze orientirebuli media


bavSvebisaTvis mediis xelmisawvdomobis uzrunvelyofa;

rogor uzrunvelvyoT bavSvis ufleba, gamoTqvas sakuTari

mosazreba mediaSi;

sabavSvo media.

sTxoveT studentebs, moiZion sabavSvo mediasTan dakavSirebuli ambavi

da daweron masze statia. Tu studentebs xeli miuwvdebaT internetze,

SeuZliaT moZebnon romelime sabavSvo radiosadguri msoflioSi.


aiReT interviu bavSvebisagan raime mniSvnelovan axal ambavze, raTa

naxoT, gansxvavebuli xedva xom ara aqvT maT da rogoria es xedva.

8. saukeTeso Jurnalisturi praqtika bavSvebTan dakavSirebiT


bavSvebis Sesaxeb axali ambebis gaSuqebis saukeTeso praqtika;

sabavSvo mediis monitoringi da Sefaseba: presa, radio, televizia.

44

bibliografia

• ARRC (1995) The Human Rights Pack. ARRC.

• DIT (2008) Enhancing Student Learning through Assessment. Dublin Institute of Technology (DIT)

• O‘Neill, G. and McMahon, T. (2005) Student-centred Learning: What does it mean for Students and Lecturers?, in G. O‘Neill, S. Moore and B. McMullin (eds.)

• Emerging Issues in the Practice of University Learning and Teaching, Dubin: All Ireland Society for Higher Education (AISHE)

• UCISA-TLIG (2004) VLEs and Blended Learning, A discussion paper based on TLIG meetings held during 2004, UCISA.

• • UNESCO (2005) Revised draft plan of

action for the fi rst phase (2005-2007) of the World Programme for Human Rights Education. UNESCO, 2005

• Yeban, Felice (2002) Building a Culture of Human Rights: Challenge to Human Rights Education in 21st Century, ARRC.

• Yeban, Felice (1999) The Children‘s Rights Training Package, UNICEF HANOI.

• bavSvTa sakiTxebis gaSuqeba

mediaSi – saxelmZRvanelo

studentebisa da

pedagogebisaTvis, gaeros bavSvTa

fondi, Tbilisis saxelmwifo

universiteti, 2008 weli

• Jan-klod bertrani, mediaeTika da

angariSvaldebulebis sistemebi,

qarTuli gamocema 2004 weli

• bil kovaCi, Jurnalistikis

elementebi

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