chilean innovation system: a presentation; nov 2005 1 universidad de talca 4ta jornada de...

Chilean Innovation System: A Presentation; Nov 2005

1

Universidad de TalcaUniversidad de Talca4ta Jornada de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica4ta Jornada de Investigación y Asistencia Técnica

CHILEAN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY CHILEAN SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION SYSTEMAND INNOVATION SYSTEM

Jorge YutronicJorge YutronicDirector Ejecutivo de FONDEFDirector Ejecutivo de FONDEF

Talca , December, 2005Talca , December, 2005


2

CHILE. General Facts

• Area: 756.950 km2

• Population (2002):15.116.435• Labour force (aug 05):6.322.140• Unemployment rate (aug 05): 8,1%• Exports 2004: US$ fob 32 billions• GDP 2004: US$ 90 billions• GDP growth rate : 6 % per year• GDP p/capita 2004: US$ 6.000;

10.000 ppp• Inflation rate 2004 : 2,4%• Infant mortality 2002: 7,8 (0/00)• Literacy rate 2002 : 95,8%


3

Chilean R&D expensesChilean R&D expenses

1,10%

0,70%

0,00%0,20%0,40%0,60%0,80%1,00%1,20%

1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2010

year

CONICYT ; Ministry of Economy

R&D expenses evolution: % of GDP

R&D Expenses (2004): around US$ 540 millions


4

STI funding and implementing entities (%; 2002)

Funding entities Implementing entities

CONICYT, Ministry of Economy

NPPO0%

Universities

0%

Goverment55%

Foreing firms11%

Private Firms, PF27%

Gov. Firms, GF

7%

ChileanFirmsGF and PF

37%

Foreing firms11%

Goverment9%

Universities

40%

NPPO3%

Most of R&D activities are funded by Most of R&D activities are funded by Chilean GovernmentChilean Government

NPPO: Non Profit Private Organizations


5

R&D expenses (% GDP)

0 1 2 3 4

Argentina

Mexico (1999)

Slovak Republic

CHILE (2002)

Hungary

New Zealand (1999)

Brazil (2000)

Ireland

Czech Republic

Australia (2000)

EU

OECD

United States

Korea

Japan

Finland

%

Private

Public

OECD Economic

Survey of Chile (2005)

R&D expenses R&D expenses International Comparison International Comparison


6

Applied research is growing up...Applied research is growing up...

R&D expenses per type of research (year 2003)

Applied Research

62%

Basic Research

29%

ExperimentalDevelopment

9%

Source: CONICYT.


7

703654

763

309

607658 608

703

280

555

45 46 60 29 520

100200300400

500600700

800

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

Chilean Patents

Foreing PatentsTotal

Number of patents granted by Chilean Patent Office

Number of Chilean granted Number of Chilean granted patentspatents

DPI: Chilean Patent Office


8

New patent applications (FONDEF)

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

19

96

19

97

19

98

19

99

20

00

20

01

20

02

20

03

20

04

20

05

Applications in CHILE

Applications in ForeignCountries

Nr of applications per year


9

Number of publicationsNumber of publications

Publications per million working-age population

0 500 1000 1500

Mexico

Brazil

CHILE

Argentina

Slovak Republic

Korea

Hungary

Czech Republic

Ireland

Japan

OECD

United States

New Zealand

Australia

Finland

OECD Economic

Survey about Chile (2005) .


10

Scholarships stock is growing upScholarships stock is growing up

Scholarships stock, CONICYT - MIDEPLAN (1999-2004)

Sources: CONICYT; MIDEPLAN

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004

TOTAL SCHOLARSHIPS CONICYT-MIDEPLAN Scholarships ConicytScholarships Mideplan


11

Researchers per 1000 workers

Qualified people in comparison to other Qualified people in comparison to other countries countries

OECD Economic

Survey of Chile (2005)

0 5 10 15

Mexico (1999)

CHILE (2002)

Argentina

Hungary

Slovak Republic

Ireland (2000)

EU (2000)

Korea

OECD (2000)

Australia (2000)

New Zealand (1999)

United States (1999)

Japan

Finland

%

Business enterprise researchers


12

WEF indexesWEF indexes

World Economic Forum

Chilean evolution of Growth Competitive Index (GCI) and Technology Factors Index (TI):

2724

28

22

42

3331 32

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

2001 2002 2003 2004

Ran

kin

g

GCI TIWEF (2004)


13

2005 WEF indexes and comments2005 WEF indexes and comments

Chile ranks 23 in the world Distinctive Chilean aspects according to the WEF

Highly competent macroeconomics management: 1st place in the world in management of macroeconomics

Institutional environment very transparent, open and predictable. Public Institutions very similar in transparency and efficiency to those of EU.

Only 8 out 25 EU countries are better of in this respect. . Maturity of democracy: in spite of Chilean presidential elections in next

December, there is no impact on economics Some challenges to overcome (ranking 59 or worse)

Women employment in private sector Quality of science and math teaching and learning Practices of hiring and firing Quality of Education System Nature of competitive advantage of firms (most in natural resources and

technology transfer or absorption rather than technology development) Focus in value chain (clusters)


14

World Bank Knowlegde Economy IndexWorld Bank Knowlegde Economy Index

World Bank 2004.


15

Chilean STI System : Main actors and roles• Firms: Innovation mainly through tech transfer and adoption. Just a few have a

R&D&I dpt. A quantity have been participating in R&D&I projects and consortia (with Chilean and foreign firms) funded in part by Gov (CONICYT, FONDEF) since 1992.

• Public and private Universities: Basic and applied research (mainly in public universities) and leaders formation: U. CHILE, PUC, U. CONCEPCION, PUCV, U Talca, USACH, U Austral,UFSTM, U. ANDRES BELLO. Almost every Chilean researcher belongs to an university. A quantity have been participating in R&D&I projects and consortia (with Chilean and foreign universities) funded in part by Gov since 1992

• Other scientific entities (Millenium, FONDAP, Regional Centers): Basic Research funded by Central Gov (CONICYT and Mideplan) and regional Govs

• Private and public and private tech institutes: Transfer and adoption of technologies and Innovation: FUNDACION CHILE. Research and innovation: INIA, INFOR, CIMM, IM2, BIOSIGMA S.A. Research for regulation and public purposes (forestry, fisheries, aquaculture, agriculture, mining, health, and so on): INFOR, IFOP, CIMM, CIREN

• Government: Macroeconomic framework, policies of R&D&I, R&D&I Gov funding entities, public universities and institutes funding, R&D&I programs and projects funding through contests and bids (CONICYT, FONDEF, CORFO, FIA, FIP and others).

• New National Council Innovation for Competitiveness: policy making, strategy, coordination, allocation of funds to present agencies (CONICYT, CORFO, others)


16

Chilean STI System: Some important relationships

• Technology transfer, adoption or absorption in Chile

– Gov have provided a macroeconomic equilibrium, an open economy, a transparent and stable institutional framework, a promotion system for exports and some funds for STI.

– Chilean exports have been increasing at high rates since 1985. (In 2004 exports represented around 36% of GDP)

– Firms have exported many new products based on: 1) Entrepreneurs with a deep insight of global markets and

business opportunities, 2) Qualified executives, engineers and technicians formed in

Chilean universities and, all of them dependable people, 3) Strategic alliances and partnerships with foreign firms that

have supplied money, know how and technology, 4) Technology transfer, adoption or absorption with Chilean

researchers and engineers assistance – Universities and tech institutes have supplied, high

qualified people, facilities to prove and adapt technologies, technical assistance and training


17

Chilean STI System : Some important relationships

• Technology development– In some sectors Chile have been reaching an important

share in global markets. For instance: aquaculture (salmon), fruitculture, vitiviniculture, timber, cellulose and paper, and copper mining

– There are some Chileans social, economic and infrastructure problems that require unique effective solutions

– No longer technology transfer or adoption alone supplies an effective solution to compete in global markets or solve Chilean big problems; technology dev is required

– Some areas and disciplines that are being developed are: biotech, ICT, cleaner technologies, pre and postcrops technologies, mining and metallurgical technologies, aquaculture technologies, forestry technologies, genomics, bioinformatics and proteomics, molecular biology, applied math modeling, geology, and so on

– In house R&D is very difficult for Chilean firms. Almost anyone is a small or medium size firm according to global standards


18


• Technology development (cont.)

– A Chilean solution: Since 1992 Gov funds part of R&D&I projects presented and implemented by a partnership among Chilean universities and firms. Foreign firms and universities may participate supplying money, resources, know-how and complementary technologies. They obtain a share in project results. FONDEF case.

– Since 2002 some partnerships are evolved to legal tech consortia for long range R&D&I programs. Gov funds part of programs for the first 3 to 5 years. Consortia fund al least 30% to 50% of programs. After 3 or 5 years Consortia fund 100%. 1st case: Biomining (genomics, bioinformatics, proteomics), another case: CATIC Valparaiso (ICT-traceability)


19


• Technology development (cont.)– Recently Gov have funded 9 new tech consortia (Gov

USD 32 millions, Firms and universities: USD 24 millions and in kind resources). They are:

1. Aeronautics; new unmanned airplanes2. Forestry: Genomics for improving timber production3. Milk: R&D in a quantity of areas for improving milk chain

production 4. Health, Applied Biomedecine : new products for

colorectal and pancreas cancer diagnosis and treatment5. Biochemistry: new pharmaceutic and nutraceutic products

based on materials such as phytosterols, policosanols, estilbens

6. Biotechnology: new or improved fruit varieties7. Biotechnology: new or improved vineyard and nectarin

varieties8. Wine: new effective and cleaner technologies for Chilean

wine differentiation, productivity and quality 9. Wine: New patentable products for improving

competitiveness of wine


20

Main Chilean clusters and technologiesMain Chilean clusters and technologies• Chilean clusters were not created by design; they are results of market and open

Chilean economy.

• Fruits for export (grapes, nectarins, apples, avocados)

• Location: Central Regions (4th to 7th Regions)

• Exports 2004: USD 2880 millions (FOB, Central Bank)

(Chilean GDP 2004: USD 90 billions; total exports 2004: USD 32 billions; Central Bank )

• Fruit producers and exporters associations

• Package handling suppliers; Fertilizer and pesticide producers and services

suppliers; Services suppliers of cleaner, organic and integrated production, pre and

postcrop processes, farm weather forecasts, logistics, precision agriculture and so

on

• Some public and private STI institutions: INIA, FUNDACION CHILE, CIREN, FDF,

University Centres in fruitculture (U. Talca, U. Chile, PUC Chile, PUC Valpo, others)

• R&D&I projects and consortia (firms&universities):

• New or improved varieties through biotech, genomics, bioinformatics and proteomics

• New systems, products, services and processes based on ICT and mathematical modeling

• New systems, products, services and processes based on biology, biochemestry, organic

chemestry, logistics and so on


21

Main Chilean clusters and technologiesMain Chilean clusters and technologies• Chilean wine

• Location: Central Regions (4th to 8th Regions)

• Exports 2004: USD 843 millions (FOB, Central Bank)

(Chilean GDP 2004: USD 90 billions; total exports 2004: USD 32 billions; Central

Bank )

• Wine producers and exporters associations

• Package handling suppliers; Fertilizer and pesticide producers and

services suppliers; Services suppliers of cleaner, organic and

integrated production, pre and postcrop processes, farm weather

forecasts, logistics, precision agriculture and so on

• Some private and public STI institutions: University Centres (PUC Chile,

U. Talca), Universities (U. Chile, U. Concepcion, U. Talca, PUC Chile,

others)


• New or improved varieties through biotech, genomics, bioinformatics and proteomics

• New systems, products, services and processes based on ICT and mathematical

modeling

• New systems, products, services and processes based on biology, biochemestry,

organic chemestry, logistics and so on


22

Main Chilean clusters and technologiesMain Chilean clusters and technologies

• Aquaculture (salmons,shells and others )• Locations: Mainly 10th Region (salmons, trouts,shells, other species) and 4th Region

(shells)

• Exports 2004: USD 1672 million (FOB, Central Bank)

• (Chilean GDP 2004: USD 90 billions; total exports 2004: USD 32 billions; Central Bank )

• Salmon producers association, other producers association

• Food (for salmons and other species) industry, ship building firms, salmon cages and

net suppliers and net repair services, package handling suppliers

• Earth observation aquaculture facilities; Logistics, cold chain, traceability, cleaner

production, weather forecasts and so on services

• Private and public STI Institutions: INTESAL: Private Technology Institute of Salmon,

FUNDACION CHILE, UC Coquimbo, U. Los Lagos, PUC Valpo, U. Antofagasta, others)


• New cultivated marine species with great commercial potential based on biology, physiology

and anatomy of species and on genomics, (diversification)

• New or improved processes for salmon and other species growing based on management of

temperature and light,

• New or improved products, services and processes for nutrition, logistic, feeding, weather and

other variables forecasts, packaging, cleaning of bottom of cages based on biotechnology,

logistics, ICT

• New or improved products made of salmon and other species


23

Main Chilean clusters and technologiesMain Chilean clusters and technologies

• Forestry (timber,wood, wood products, cellulose and paper

production)

• Locations: 7th Region to 12th Region

• Exports 2004: USD 3363 million

(Chilean GDP 2004: USD 90 billions; total exports 2004: USD 32 billions; Central

Bank )

• BIOFOREST: Private Biotechnology Forestry Institute

• Logistic services

• Manufacturers of wood or paper products

• Suppliers of services and products for forestry industry

• R&D&I projects and consortia for:

• New (in Chile) or improved tree varieties, products and processes for timber,

cellulose and paper production through biotech, genomics, mathematical

modeling, ICT

• New or improved logistic services and processes for nutrition, logistic,

feeding, weather and other variables forecasts, packaging, cleaning of

bottom of cages

• New or improved products made of salmon and other species


24

More information

• www.conicyt.cl• www.corfo.cl

• [email protected]

chilean innovation system: a presentation; nov 2005 1 universidad de talca 4ta jornada de...

Documents

chilean innovation system

chilean patent office

chilean government nppo

year slide

gdp rd expenses

conicyt mideplan

conicyt mideplan

entities conicyt