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Page 1: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad
Page 2: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

Chilli Diseases A

Lecture To ToT trainees ( FFS) By

Mr. Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator

IPM KPK MINFAL Pakistan

Page 3: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad
Page 4: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad
Page 5: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

Plant diseases of chilli

Even diseases can be a serious problem during the cultivation of pepper. There are three types of diseases: viral, bacterial and fungal infections. Try to know and recognize the symptoms, it is definitely the first step to make the right cure... the best cure is still prevention.

Page 6: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

VIRAL DISEASES1.Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV): 

is a highly contagious and persistent disease caused by the tobacco of cigarettes. It spreads mechanically, by touching infected hands or instruments from plants. The virus manifests itself in the form of yellow or green spots on the leaves of the plant. It often presents itself on the basis of deformation or curling of the leaf. The destruction of the chloroplasts and the increased activity of enzymes regulating the blocking photosynthesis and plant growth in consequence provoke the collapse. There is no cure for this type of virus but only preventive strategies

Page 7: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

VIRAL DISEASES2. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV):

 is a highly contagious and persistent disease caused by the tobacco of cigarettes. It spreads mechanically, by touching infected hands or instruments from plants. The virus manifests itself in the form of yellow or green spots on the leaves of the plant. It often presents itself on the basis of deformation or curling of the leaf. The destruction of the chloroplasts and the increased activity of enzymes regulating the blocking photosynthesis and plant growth in consequence provoke the collapse. There is no cure for this type of virus but only preventive strategies.  

Page 8: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

VIRAL DISEASES3.Tobacco etch virus (TEV):  this virus infects many species of the Solanacee

which is transmitted by more than ten aphid species, including the Myzus persicae. It does not seem to be transmitted through the seed. The varied symptoms depending on the species. All in all, the typical symptoms include a "lighter" of the ribs, veins and nerves, as well as lines of incisions. They appear on the leaves and the fruit. The development is stunted clear. There is no cure for this type of virus but only preventive strategies.

Page 9: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

Virus Diseases 4. Potato virus Y The potato virus Y (PVY):provoke different symptoms from the complete latency

of slightly necrotic mosaic up to severe necrotic phenomens. As CMV the PVY be transmitted by various aphid species but the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is the most important carrier. Since the PVY generate in potatoes, it is recommended to isolate chili plants from potato plants. There is no cure for this type of virus but only preventive strategies

Page 10: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

5. Mosaic Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV)Potato virus Y (PVY)

Symptoms Alternating light and green areas or mosaic patterns on the

leaves; leaves distorted and curled; slow plant growth

Page 11: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS:

1.Anthraconose The Anthracnose is caused

by the mold Colletotrichum coccodes: a pathogenic mold of the Ascomycetes, which growth be promoted with warm temperatures and high humidity. The symptoms occur on both sleeves and on mature and immature fruits. Characteristic are depressions and round, light brown spots that can be up to 3 cm. A fungicide may be necessary.

Page 12: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS:

2.Powdery Mildew Powdery mildew is caused by

the fungus Leveillula taurica. It can develop at any stage of development of the plant and mainly affects the leaves. The symptoms manifested by the formation of a flour-like, white, later yellow patina on the undersides of the leaves and yellowish spots on the top expiring. Powdery mildew causes wilting and falling of the leaves, thus stopping the development of the fruit. You can use fungicides or solutions of sulfur and potassium bicarbonate.

Page 13: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS:

3. Bacterial Spot Bacterial infection can be

caused by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria. The initial symptoms are hydropic, irregular spots that are visible on the underside of the leaf and later develop into necrotic spots with chlorotic margin, best seen underneath the leaf. The damage consists of the fall of the leaves and the loss of the fruit. Here Valid is the use of copper-based fungicides although excessive use can retard the growth of the plants.  

Page 14: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS:

4. Foot Rot The foot rot is caused by

the fungus Phytophthora capsici and usually occurs in moist, sensitive zones. Thus, it is better to prevent excessive watering not well dissipative ground. The symptoms are the rotting of the roots of the neck and the bale with the subsequent rapid drying of the plant. Recommended the use of fungicides.  

Page 15: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS:

5. Frog Eye Spot The spots of the so-called

"frog-eye" caused by the fungus Cercospora capsici. This disease is characterized by small round spots which are light gray in the middle, reddish brown with a gray center and a reddish-brown margin. These are up to 1 cm diameter in size and cause severe defoliation. The fruits are not infected but suffering with a significant devaluation. The use of fungicides is probably the best solution.

Page 16: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS:

6. Damping off The Damping-off is a term

that is used frequently in the agricultural economy and describes the various disorders that are caused by mold, and before the seeds or plants are kills after germination. This can be caused by various type of mold such as Pythium, Rhizoctonia and Fusarium, or simply just by poor semen quality. Is it possible to use fungicides for preventive strategies.

Page 17: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS:

7.White Mold

The white mold is caused by the mold Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and provokes the decomposition of plant parts above ground or below the plants. Recommended the use of fungicides.   

Page 18: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

8.Soft Rot The soft rot is caused by the

bacterium Erwinia carotovora carotovora PV and directly affects the fruit. The internal tissue softens and then turns into a foul-smelling, watery mass. The Erwinia carotovora can strike both in the growth phase or after completion of growth and provokes drying, yellowing, necrosis and soft rot of the trunk. At present there are no effective means of direct struggle but only preventive strategies.

Page 19: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

9. Bacterial Drying The bacterial drying is caused

by the bacterium Pseudomonas solanacearum. The first symptoms begin the drying of the leaves. After a few days, the whole plant dry without yellowing of leaves. You can prove this bacterium by cut off the roots or lower stems and put them in water. The bacteria leave milky-white threads. The best prevention is to use purified vegetable seeds and remove diseased plants.   

Page 20: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad

BACTERIAL AND FUNGAL INFECTIONS:

10. Verticilium Dahliae The Verticillium dahliae a mold

of the soil, which is able to infect the plants in any stage of development. The plants show a yellowing of the leaves and have stunted growth. In practice, the mold clogs the vessels of the woody plants, thereby obstructing the movement of lymph, so that the branches wither and dry up. When the stem turns brown you can be almost certain of an attack of mold.The best prevention is to remove the diseased plants and use fumigants for soil disinfection.

Page 21: Chilli pepper diseases A lecture on  ToT training of FFS  By Mr Allah Dad Khan Provincial Coordinator IPM KPK MINFAL Islamabad